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Arno De Klerk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carboxylic acid recovery from fischer tropsch aqueous product by fractional freezing
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nuvaid Ahad, Arno De KlerkAbstract:About half of the product from iron-based High-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is an aqueous product containing dissolved oxygenates. Volatile oxygenates can be recovered by distillation, but the bulk of the carboxylic acids remain in the water, which is called acid water. Fractional freezing was explored as a process for producing a more concentrated carboxylic acid solution from which the carboxylic acids could be recovered as petrochemical products, while concomitantly producing a cleaner wastewater. Solid–liquid equilibrium data were collected for aqueous solutions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. A synthetic Fischer–Tropsch acid water mixture (0.70 wt% acetic acid, 0.15 wt% propionic acid, and 0.15 wt% butyric acid) was prepared and the liquid phase concentrations of the acid species at solid–liquid equilibrium were determined. Control experiments with material balance closure on each of the carboxylic acid species were performed at selected conditions. Having more than one carboxylic acid species present in the mixture meaningfully changed the solid–liquid equilibrium versus Temperature of the system. The carboxylic acids partitioned between the solid phase and the liquid phase and a practical design would require multiple duty-controlled solid–liquid equilibrium stages, with most of the separation taking place in the Temperature range 0 to − 5 °C.
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Carboxylic acid recovery from Fischer–Tropsch aqueous product by fractional freezing
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nuvaid Ahad, Arno De KlerkAbstract:About half of the product from iron-based High-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is an aqueous product containing dissolved oxygenates. Volatile oxygenates can be recovered by distillation, but the bulk of the carboxylic acids remain in the water, which is called acid water. Fractional freezing was explored as a process for producing a more concentrated carboxylic acid solution from which the carboxylic acids could be recovered as petrochemical products, while concomitantly producing a cleaner wastewater. Solid–liquid equilibrium data were collected for aqueous solutions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. A synthetic Fischer–Tropsch acid water mixture (0.70 wt% acetic acid, 0.15 wt% propionic acid, and 0.15 wt% butyric acid) was prepared and the liquid phase concentrations of the acid species at solid–liquid equilibrium were determined. Control experiments with material balance closure on each of the carboxylic acid species were performed at selected conditions. Having more than one carboxylic acid species present in the mixture meaningfully changed the solid–liquid equilibrium versus Temperature of the system. The carboxylic acids partitioned between the solid phase and the liquid phase and a practical design would require multiple duty-controlled solid–liquid equilibrium stages, with most of the separation taking place in the Temperature range 0 to − 5 °C.
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fischer tropsch fuels refinery design
Energy and Environmental Science, 2011Co-Authors: Arno De KlerkAbstract:Carbon sources, such as coal, natural gas, biomass and waste, can be converted into transportation fuels by combining appropriate gasification, Fischer–Tropsch and refining technologies. Efficient refining of the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis derived syncrude requires a different approach to refinery design than commonly applied to crude oil refinery design. The design of refineries to optimise the production of on-specification motor-gasoline, jet fuel and diesel fuel respectively from both High Temperature Fischer–Tropsch (HTFT) syncrude and low Temperature Fischer–Tropsch (LTFT) are considered. Refinery designs are presented for the production of motor-gasoline and jet fuel with better than 50% yield (better than 70% selectivity on transportation fuel), without resorting to very complex designs. Only diesel fuel refining presented a problem, since the production of on-specification EN590:2004 diesel fuel is limited by a Fischer–Tropsch specific cetane-density-yield trade-off. The compound classes that are required to produce diesel fuel in High yield that meet both minimum cetane number and minimum density requirements are not abundant in Fischer–Tropsch syncrude. Refinery designs for diesel fuel production was limited to a yield of less than 25% EN 590:2004 compliant diesel fuel. This yield restriction does not apply when diesel fuel specifications do not have a minimum density requirement.
Steven Kirby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Autoignition Studies of trans- and cis-Decalin in an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) and the Development of a High Thermal Stability Unifuel/Single Battlefield Fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Joshua S. Heyne, André L. Boehman, Steven KirbyAbstract:A coal-based thermally stable fuel, referred to as JP-900, was investigated as a potential single battlefield fuel (SBF or “unifuel”). Any proposed SBF or unifuel will have to meet all previous jet fuel specifications with the additional requirement of having an acceptable cetane number. The JP-900 (X1390) jet fuel cut was blended with biodiesel, NORPAR 13, Syntroleum synthetic jet fuel (S-8), and a Sasol High-Temperature Fischer−Tropsch (HTFT) diesel fuel. The autoignition propensity of these mixtures was then measured in an ignition quality tester (IQT). From the IQT results, a “unifuel” composed of JP-900 P67-132 and NORPAR 13 was used in a 2.5 L DDC/VM Motori engine. Emissions and heat release data showed no significant difference from an ultra-low sulfur diesel (BP-15). From the autoignition for these fuels and a correlation of autoignition with fuel composition, it was found that the proportions of the isomers of decalin played a key role. It was observed that cis-decalin is significantly more react...
André L. Boehman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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advanced diesel combustion of a High cetane number fuel with low hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions
Energy & Fuels, 2011Co-Authors: Gregory K Lilik, André L. BoehmanAbstract:Advanced diesel combustion is of great interest due to its promise of simultaneously reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), while maintaining or improving efficiency. However, the extended ignition delay along with the combustion of a partially premixed charge results in excessive emissions from incomplete combustion, specifically total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO). In this study, a light-duty turbodiesel engine was operated in an advanced diesel combustion mode, specifically High efficiency clean combustion (HECC), using three different fuels including a conventional ultralow sulfur diesel fuel (diesel), a synthetic fuel produced in a High Temperature Fischer−Tropsch (HTFT) process, and a synthetic fuel produced in a low Temperature Fischer−Tropsch (LTFT) process. Start of injection (SOI) timing was swept from −8° ATDC to 0° ATDC to find the optimized injection timing for each fuel. The HTFT fuel, which had a derived cetane number (DCN) of 51, was found to...
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Autoignition Studies of trans- and cis-Decalin in an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) and the Development of a High Thermal Stability Unifuel/Single Battlefield Fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Joshua S. Heyne, André L. Boehman, Steven KirbyAbstract:A coal-based thermally stable fuel, referred to as JP-900, was investigated as a potential single battlefield fuel (SBF or “unifuel”). Any proposed SBF or unifuel will have to meet all previous jet fuel specifications with the additional requirement of having an acceptable cetane number. The JP-900 (X1390) jet fuel cut was blended with biodiesel, NORPAR 13, Syntroleum synthetic jet fuel (S-8), and a Sasol High-Temperature Fischer−Tropsch (HTFT) diesel fuel. The autoignition propensity of these mixtures was then measured in an ignition quality tester (IQT). From the IQT results, a “unifuel” composed of JP-900 P67-132 and NORPAR 13 was used in a 2.5 L DDC/VM Motori engine. Emissions and heat release data showed no significant difference from an ultra-low sulfur diesel (BP-15). From the autoignition for these fuels and a correlation of autoignition with fuel composition, it was found that the proportions of the isomers of decalin played a key role. It was observed that cis-decalin is significantly more react...
Joshua S. Heyne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Autoignition Studies of trans- and cis-Decalin in an Ignition Quality Tester (IQT) and the Development of a High Thermal Stability Unifuel/Single Battlefield Fuel
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Joshua S. Heyne, André L. Boehman, Steven KirbyAbstract:A coal-based thermally stable fuel, referred to as JP-900, was investigated as a potential single battlefield fuel (SBF or “unifuel”). Any proposed SBF or unifuel will have to meet all previous jet fuel specifications with the additional requirement of having an acceptable cetane number. The JP-900 (X1390) jet fuel cut was blended with biodiesel, NORPAR 13, Syntroleum synthetic jet fuel (S-8), and a Sasol High-Temperature Fischer−Tropsch (HTFT) diesel fuel. The autoignition propensity of these mixtures was then measured in an ignition quality tester (IQT). From the IQT results, a “unifuel” composed of JP-900 P67-132 and NORPAR 13 was used in a 2.5 L DDC/VM Motori engine. Emissions and heat release data showed no significant difference from an ultra-low sulfur diesel (BP-15). From the autoignition for these fuels and a correlation of autoignition with fuel composition, it was found that the proportions of the isomers of decalin played a key role. It was observed that cis-decalin is significantly more react...
Nuvaid Ahad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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carboxylic acid recovery from fischer tropsch aqueous product by fractional freezing
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nuvaid Ahad, Arno De KlerkAbstract:About half of the product from iron-based High-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is an aqueous product containing dissolved oxygenates. Volatile oxygenates can be recovered by distillation, but the bulk of the carboxylic acids remain in the water, which is called acid water. Fractional freezing was explored as a process for producing a more concentrated carboxylic acid solution from which the carboxylic acids could be recovered as petrochemical products, while concomitantly producing a cleaner wastewater. Solid–liquid equilibrium data were collected for aqueous solutions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. A synthetic Fischer–Tropsch acid water mixture (0.70 wt% acetic acid, 0.15 wt% propionic acid, and 0.15 wt% butyric acid) was prepared and the liquid phase concentrations of the acid species at solid–liquid equilibrium were determined. Control experiments with material balance closure on each of the carboxylic acid species were performed at selected conditions. Having more than one carboxylic acid species present in the mixture meaningfully changed the solid–liquid equilibrium versus Temperature of the system. The carboxylic acids partitioned between the solid phase and the liquid phase and a practical design would require multiple duty-controlled solid–liquid equilibrium stages, with most of the separation taking place in the Temperature range 0 to − 5 °C.
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Carboxylic acid recovery from Fischer–Tropsch aqueous product by fractional freezing
Applied Petrochemical Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nuvaid Ahad, Arno De KlerkAbstract:About half of the product from iron-based High-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is an aqueous product containing dissolved oxygenates. Volatile oxygenates can be recovered by distillation, but the bulk of the carboxylic acids remain in the water, which is called acid water. Fractional freezing was explored as a process for producing a more concentrated carboxylic acid solution from which the carboxylic acids could be recovered as petrochemical products, while concomitantly producing a cleaner wastewater. Solid–liquid equilibrium data were collected for aqueous solutions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. A synthetic Fischer–Tropsch acid water mixture (0.70 wt% acetic acid, 0.15 wt% propionic acid, and 0.15 wt% butyric acid) was prepared and the liquid phase concentrations of the acid species at solid–liquid equilibrium were determined. Control experiments with material balance closure on each of the carboxylic acid species were performed at selected conditions. Having more than one carboxylic acid species present in the mixture meaningfully changed the solid–liquid equilibrium versus Temperature of the system. The carboxylic acids partitioned between the solid phase and the liquid phase and a practical design would require multiple duty-controlled solid–liquid equilibrium stages, with most of the separation taking place in the Temperature range 0 to − 5 °C.