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Abdul Abdul Rahuman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acaricidal insecticidal and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of annona squamosa and its compounds against blood feeding parasites
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: G Madhumitha, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Selvaraj Mohana Roopan, Kanagaraj Mohana Priya, Antoneyraj Mary Saral, Fazlur Rahman Nawaz Khan, Venkatesh Gopiesh Khanna, Kannaiyaram Velayutham, Chidambaram Jayaseelan
    Abstract:

    Plant products may be alternative sources of parasitic control agents, since they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are eco-friendly and nontoxic products. The plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) extracted by immersion method exhibited adulticidal activity against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and larvicidal activity against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), Anopheles subpictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The chemical composition of A. squamosa fruit peel aqueous extract was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major chemical constituent of peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa was identified as 1H- cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-[1ar-(1aα,4aα, 7β, 7 a, β, 7bα)] (28.55%) by comparison of mass spectral data and retention times. The other major constituents present in the aqueous extract were retinal 9-cis- (12.61%), 3,17-dioxo-4-androsten-11alpha-yl hydrogen succinate (6.86%), 1-naphthalenepentanol decahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-y,2-bis(methylene)-(1α,4aβ,5α,8aα) (14.83%), 1-naphthalenemethanol decahydro −5-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-pentenyl)- 1,4a-di methyl - 6-methylene -(1S-[1α, 4aα, 5α(E), 8aβ] (4.44%), (−)-spathulenol (20.75%), podocarp-7-en-3-one13β-methyl-13-vinyl- (5.98%), and 1-phenanthrene carboxaldehyde 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl-[1R-(1α,4aβ.4bα,7β, 10aα)]-(5.98%). The adult and larval parasitic mortalities observed in fruit peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa were 31, 59, 80, 91, and100%; 27, 42, 66, 87, and 100%; and 33, 45, 68, 92, and 100% at the concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm, respectively, against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and R. microplus. The observed larvicidal efficacies were 36, 55, 72, 92, 100% and 14, 34, 68, 89, and 100% at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm, respectively, against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus. The highest parasite mortality was found after 24 h of exposure against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (LC50 = 404.51 ppm, r 2 = 0.890), Hippobosca maculata (LC50 = 600.75 ppm, r 2 = 0.983), the larvae of R. microplus (LC50 = 548.28 ppm, r 2 = 0.975), fourth-instar larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 327.27 pm, r 2 = 0.970), and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 456.29 ppm, r 2 = 0.974), respectively. The control (distilled water) showed nil mortality in the concurrent assay. The χ 2 values were significant at p < 0.05 level. Therefore, the eco-friendly and biodegradable compounds from fruit peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa may be an alternative to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in integrated approach for the control of Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, R. microplus, and the medically important vectors A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus.

  • Efficacy of adulticidal and larvicidal properties of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and Anopheles subpictus
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar
    Abstract:

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera , Manilkara zapota , Ipomoea staphylina , and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate parasitic effects; however, the percent parasitic mortality observed in the crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of N . nucifera and M . zapota against H . bispinosa were 80, 74, 72, and 100 and 100, 83, 74, and 91, respectively, and the activity for I . staphylina and A . indica against Hip . maculata were 100, 93, 87, and 66 and 78, 90, 87, and 100 at 2,000 ppm, respectively; the larvicidal activity for the same extracts of I . staphylina against A . subpictus were 76, 82, 84, and 100 at 100 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera , hexane extract of M. zapota and leaf hexane extract of I . staphylina , and methanol extract of A. indica against the adults of H . bispinosa and Hip . maculata with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 437.14 and 200.81, and 415.14 and 280.72 ppm, 1,927.57 and 703.52 ppm, and 1,647.70 and 829.39 ppm, respectively. The effective larvicidal activity was observed in leaf methanol extract of I . staphylina against A. subpictus with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 10.39 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H . bispinosa , Hip. maculata , and the medically important vector A . subpictus .

  • evaluation of stem aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles using cissus quadrangularis against Hippobosca maculata and rhipicephalus boophilus microplus
    Experimental Parasitology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Gandhi Elango
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study was to determine the efficacies of anti-parasitic activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using stem aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis against the adult of hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and the larvae of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Contact toxicity method was followed to determine the potential of parasitic activity. Twelve milliliters of stem aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis was treated with 88 ml of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at room temperature for 30 min and the resulting solution was yellow–brown color indicating the formation extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag NPs were recorded by UV–visible spectrum at 420 nm and XRD patterns showed the nanoparticles crystalline in nature. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bioreduction of Ag(+) ions to Ag NPs were due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. FESEM image of Ag NPs showed spherical and oval in shape. By using the Bragg’s Law and Scherrer’s constant, the average mean size of synthesized Ag NPs was 42.46 nm. The spot EDX analysis showed the complete chemical composition of the synthesized Ag NPs. The mortality obtained by the synthesized Ag NPs from the C. quadrangularis was more effective than the aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis and AgNO3 solution (1 mM). The adulticidal activity was observed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the adult of H. maculata with LC50 values of 37.08, 40.35 and 6.30 mg/L; LC90 values of 175.46, 192.17 and 18.14 mg/L and r2 values of 0.970, 0.992 and 0.969, respectively. The maximum efficacy showed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus with LC50 values of 50.00, 21.72 and 7.61 mg/L; LC90 values of 205.12, 82.99 and 22.68 mg/L and r2 values of 0.968, 0.945and 0.994, respectively. The present study is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the experimental plant extract and synthesized Ag NPs. This is an ideal eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for the control of H. maculata and R. (B.) microplus.

  • evaluation of different extracts and synthesised silver nanoparticles from leaves of euphorbia prostrata against haemaphysalis bispinosa and Hippobosca maculata
    Veterinary Parasitology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Abduz A Zahir, Abdul Abdul Rahuman
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activity to determine the efficacies of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of Euphorbia prostrata Ait. (Euphorbiaceae) and synthesised Ag nanoparticles (NPs) using aqueous leaf extract against the adult cattle tick Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the haematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). Synthesised Ag NPs were characterised with ultraviolet–vis (UV–vis) spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) support the biosynthesis of Ag NPs. Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts and synthesised silver NPs for 24 h. All extracts showed the maximum toxic effect on parasites; however, the highest mortality was found in the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol and aqueous leaf extracts of E. prostrata and synthesised Ag NPs against the adult of H. bispinosa (LC50 = 45.24, 40.07, 21.91, 25.32, 19.30, 10.16 and 2.30 ppm; LC90 = 86.95, 88.66, 70.92, 83.22, 48.28, 70.27 and 8.28 ppm) and against H. maculata (LC50 = 39.37, 41.98, 19.92, 27. 93, 21.97, 9.79 and 2.55 ppm; LC90 = 89.44, 98.52, 76.59, 90.18, 55.07, 54.35 and 9.03 ppm), respectively. Mortality of 100% was found in synthesised Ag NPs at a concentration of 10 mg l−1. UV–vis spectrograph of the colloidal solution of Ag NPs has been recorded as a function of time. The absorption spectrum of E. prostrata leaf extracts at different wavelengths ranging from 300 to 600 nm revealed a peak at 420 nm after 6 h. The FTIR spectra of Ag NPs exhibited prominent peaks at 3431; 1616; 1381; 1045; 818; 509; and 420 cm−1. SEM analyses of the synthesised Ag NPs were rod shaped and measured 25–80 nm with an average size of 52.4 nm. The chemical composition of aqueous leaf extract was analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The major chemical constituent was identified as 2-phenylethanol. These results suggest that the leaf methanol, aqueous extracts of E. prostrata and green synthesis of Ag NPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H. bispinosa and H. maculata. In addition, toxicity tests were conducted to analyse the toxicological effects of particle size on Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia, and the animal model test was evaluated against Bos indicus for 24-h treatment. No toxicity on daphnids and no adverse effects were noted on animals after exposure to solvent extracts and synthesised Ag NPs.

  • Evaluation of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann and Hippobosca maculata Leach
    Parasitology Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Abdul Abduz Zahir, Asokan Bagavan, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Razack Rafi Mohamed, Sampath Marimuthu
    Abstract:

    In the current study, in vitro evaluation of crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br., Gloriosa superba L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., and Solanum trilobatum L. exhibited acaricidal and insecticidal activities against the adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). All plant extracts showed moderate toxic effect on parasites after 24 h of exposure; the complete inhibition (100%) at the maximum concentration tested (3,000 ppm) was obtained in acetone, methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts of A. malabarica ; methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of G. superba ; acetone extract of P. guajava ; methanol extract of R. communis ; and leaf hexane extract of S. trilobatum ; and the lowest inhibition (38%) was recorded for the seed hexane extract of S. trilobatum . The highest parasite dead was found in leaf acetone and methanol extracts of A . malabarica , seed methanol of G . superba , leaf methanol of R . communis against H . bispinosa (LC_50 = 466.15, 719.78, 476.06, and 243.87 ppm; LC_90 = 1,837.96, 2,014.47, 1,904.36, and 2,692.15 ppm), leaf hexane and chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , seed chloroform and ethyl acetate of G . superba , leaf acetone of P . guajava , leaf methanol of R . communis , and leaf hexane extract of S . trilobatum against H . maculata (LC_50 = 495.61, 414.81, 360.02, 479.37, 646.30, 506.13, and 432.77 ppm; LC_90 = 1,914.84, 1,956.59, 1,598.54, 1,636.41, 2,192.73, 1,982.66, and 1,872.33 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf methanol of R . communis , chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , and chloroform extract of G . superba have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the H. bispinosa and H. maculata . Therefore, this study provides first report on the parasitic activities of plant extracts from Southern India.

Govindasamy Rajakumar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acaricidal insecticidal and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of annona squamosa and its compounds against blood feeding parasites
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: G Madhumitha, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Selvaraj Mohana Roopan, Kanagaraj Mohana Priya, Antoneyraj Mary Saral, Fazlur Rahman Nawaz Khan, Venkatesh Gopiesh Khanna, Kannaiyaram Velayutham, Chidambaram Jayaseelan
    Abstract:

    Plant products may be alternative sources of parasitic control agents, since they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are eco-friendly and nontoxic products. The plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) extracted by immersion method exhibited adulticidal activity against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and larvicidal activity against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), Anopheles subpictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The chemical composition of A. squamosa fruit peel aqueous extract was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major chemical constituent of peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa was identified as 1H- cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-[1ar-(1aα,4aα, 7β, 7 a, β, 7bα)] (28.55%) by comparison of mass spectral data and retention times. The other major constituents present in the aqueous extract were retinal 9-cis- (12.61%), 3,17-dioxo-4-androsten-11alpha-yl hydrogen succinate (6.86%), 1-naphthalenepentanol decahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-y,2-bis(methylene)-(1α,4aβ,5α,8aα) (14.83%), 1-naphthalenemethanol decahydro −5-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-pentenyl)- 1,4a-di methyl - 6-methylene -(1S-[1α, 4aα, 5α(E), 8aβ] (4.44%), (−)-spathulenol (20.75%), podocarp-7-en-3-one13β-methyl-13-vinyl- (5.98%), and 1-phenanthrene carboxaldehyde 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl-[1R-(1α,4aβ.4bα,7β, 10aα)]-(5.98%). The adult and larval parasitic mortalities observed in fruit peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa were 31, 59, 80, 91, and100%; 27, 42, 66, 87, and 100%; and 33, 45, 68, 92, and 100% at the concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm, respectively, against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and R. microplus. The observed larvicidal efficacies were 36, 55, 72, 92, 100% and 14, 34, 68, 89, and 100% at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm, respectively, against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus. The highest parasite mortality was found after 24 h of exposure against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (LC50 = 404.51 ppm, r 2 = 0.890), Hippobosca maculata (LC50 = 600.75 ppm, r 2 = 0.983), the larvae of R. microplus (LC50 = 548.28 ppm, r 2 = 0.975), fourth-instar larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 327.27 pm, r 2 = 0.970), and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 456.29 ppm, r 2 = 0.974), respectively. The control (distilled water) showed nil mortality in the concurrent assay. The χ 2 values were significant at p < 0.05 level. Therefore, the eco-friendly and biodegradable compounds from fruit peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa may be an alternative to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in integrated approach for the control of Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, R. microplus, and the medically important vectors A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus.

  • Efficacy of adulticidal and larvicidal properties of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and Anopheles subpictus
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar
    Abstract:

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera , Manilkara zapota , Ipomoea staphylina , and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate parasitic effects; however, the percent parasitic mortality observed in the crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of N . nucifera and M . zapota against H . bispinosa were 80, 74, 72, and 100 and 100, 83, 74, and 91, respectively, and the activity for I . staphylina and A . indica against Hip . maculata were 100, 93, 87, and 66 and 78, 90, 87, and 100 at 2,000 ppm, respectively; the larvicidal activity for the same extracts of I . staphylina against A . subpictus were 76, 82, 84, and 100 at 100 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera , hexane extract of M. zapota and leaf hexane extract of I . staphylina , and methanol extract of A. indica against the adults of H . bispinosa and Hip . maculata with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 437.14 and 200.81, and 415.14 and 280.72 ppm, 1,927.57 and 703.52 ppm, and 1,647.70 and 829.39 ppm, respectively. The effective larvicidal activity was observed in leaf methanol extract of I . staphylina against A. subpictus with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 10.39 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H . bispinosa , Hip. maculata , and the medically important vector A . subpictus .

  • evaluation of stem aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles using cissus quadrangularis against Hippobosca maculata and rhipicephalus boophilus microplus
    Experimental Parasitology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Gandhi Elango
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study was to determine the efficacies of anti-parasitic activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using stem aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis against the adult of hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and the larvae of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Contact toxicity method was followed to determine the potential of parasitic activity. Twelve milliliters of stem aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis was treated with 88 ml of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at room temperature for 30 min and the resulting solution was yellow–brown color indicating the formation extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag NPs were recorded by UV–visible spectrum at 420 nm and XRD patterns showed the nanoparticles crystalline in nature. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bioreduction of Ag(+) ions to Ag NPs were due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. FESEM image of Ag NPs showed spherical and oval in shape. By using the Bragg’s Law and Scherrer’s constant, the average mean size of synthesized Ag NPs was 42.46 nm. The spot EDX analysis showed the complete chemical composition of the synthesized Ag NPs. The mortality obtained by the synthesized Ag NPs from the C. quadrangularis was more effective than the aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis and AgNO3 solution (1 mM). The adulticidal activity was observed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the adult of H. maculata with LC50 values of 37.08, 40.35 and 6.30 mg/L; LC90 values of 175.46, 192.17 and 18.14 mg/L and r2 values of 0.970, 0.992 and 0.969, respectively. The maximum efficacy showed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus with LC50 values of 50.00, 21.72 and 7.61 mg/L; LC90 values of 205.12, 82.99 and 22.68 mg/L and r2 values of 0.968, 0.945and 0.994, respectively. The present study is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the experimental plant extract and synthesized Ag NPs. This is an ideal eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for the control of H. maculata and R. (B.) microplus.

  • Evaluation of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann and Hippobosca maculata Leach
    Parasitology Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Abdul Abduz Zahir, Asokan Bagavan, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Razack Rafi Mohamed, Sampath Marimuthu
    Abstract:

    In the current study, in vitro evaluation of crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br., Gloriosa superba L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., and Solanum trilobatum L. exhibited acaricidal and insecticidal activities against the adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). All plant extracts showed moderate toxic effect on parasites after 24 h of exposure; the complete inhibition (100%) at the maximum concentration tested (3,000 ppm) was obtained in acetone, methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts of A. malabarica ; methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of G. superba ; acetone extract of P. guajava ; methanol extract of R. communis ; and leaf hexane extract of S. trilobatum ; and the lowest inhibition (38%) was recorded for the seed hexane extract of S. trilobatum . The highest parasite dead was found in leaf acetone and methanol extracts of A . malabarica , seed methanol of G . superba , leaf methanol of R . communis against H . bispinosa (LC_50 = 466.15, 719.78, 476.06, and 243.87 ppm; LC_90 = 1,837.96, 2,014.47, 1,904.36, and 2,692.15 ppm), leaf hexane and chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , seed chloroform and ethyl acetate of G . superba , leaf acetone of P . guajava , leaf methanol of R . communis , and leaf hexane extract of S . trilobatum against H . maculata (LC_50 = 495.61, 414.81, 360.02, 479.37, 646.30, 506.13, and 432.77 ppm; LC_90 = 1,914.84, 1,956.59, 1,598.54, 1,636.41, 2,192.73, 1,982.66, and 1,872.33 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf methanol of R . communis , chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , and chloroform extract of G . superba have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the H. bispinosa and H. maculata . Therefore, this study provides first report on the parasitic activities of plant extracts from Southern India.

Chidambaram Jayaseelan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • acaricidal insecticidal and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of annona squamosa and its compounds against blood feeding parasites
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: G Madhumitha, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Selvaraj Mohana Roopan, Kanagaraj Mohana Priya, Antoneyraj Mary Saral, Fazlur Rahman Nawaz Khan, Venkatesh Gopiesh Khanna, Kannaiyaram Velayutham, Chidambaram Jayaseelan
    Abstract:

    Plant products may be alternative sources of parasitic control agents, since they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are eco-friendly and nontoxic products. The plant extracts are good and safe alternatives due to their low toxicity to mammals and easy biodegradability. In the present study, fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa (Annonaceae) extracted by immersion method exhibited adulticidal activity against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae) and the hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and larvicidal activity against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae), Anopheles subpictus, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). The chemical composition of A. squamosa fruit peel aqueous extract was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The major chemical constituent of peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa was identified as 1H- cycloprop[e]azulen-7-ol decahydro-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylene-[1ar-(1aα,4aα, 7β, 7 a, β, 7bα)] (28.55%) by comparison of mass spectral data and retention times. The other major constituents present in the aqueous extract were retinal 9-cis- (12.61%), 3,17-dioxo-4-androsten-11alpha-yl hydrogen succinate (6.86%), 1-naphthalenepentanol decahydro-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,8a-dimethyl-y,2-bis(methylene)-(1α,4aβ,5α,8aα) (14.83%), 1-naphthalenemethanol decahydro −5-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-3-pentenyl)- 1,4a-di methyl - 6-methylene -(1S-[1α, 4aα, 5α(E), 8aβ] (4.44%), (−)-spathulenol (20.75%), podocarp-7-en-3-one13β-methyl-13-vinyl- (5.98%), and 1-phenanthrene carboxaldehyde 7-ethenyl-1,2,3,4,4a,4,5,6,7,9,10,10a-dodecahydro-1,4a,7-trimethyl-[1R-(1α,4aβ.4bα,7β, 10aα)]-(5.98%). The adult and larval parasitic mortalities observed in fruit peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa were 31, 59, 80, 91, and100%; 27, 42, 66, 87, and 100%; and 33, 45, 68, 92, and 100% at the concentrations of 250, 500, 1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 ppm, respectively, against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and R. microplus. The observed larvicidal efficacies were 36, 55, 72, 92, 100% and 14, 34, 68, 89, and 100% at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1,000 ppm, respectively, against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus. The highest parasite mortality was found after 24 h of exposure against Haemaphysalis bispinosa (LC50 = 404.51 ppm, r 2 = 0.890), Hippobosca maculata (LC50 = 600.75 ppm, r 2 = 0.983), the larvae of R. microplus (LC50 = 548.28 ppm, r 2 = 0.975), fourth-instar larvae of A. subpictus (LC50 = 327.27 pm, r 2 = 0.970), and C. quinquefasciatus (LC50 = 456.29 ppm, r 2 = 0.974), respectively. The control (distilled water) showed nil mortality in the concurrent assay. The χ 2 values were significant at p < 0.05 level. Therefore, the eco-friendly and biodegradable compounds from fruit peel aqueous extract of A. squamosa may be an alternative to conventional synthetic chemicals, particularly in integrated approach for the control of Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, R. microplus, and the medically important vectors A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus.

  • Efficacy of adulticidal and larvicidal properties of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and Anopheles subpictus
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar
    Abstract:

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera , Manilkara zapota , Ipomoea staphylina , and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate parasitic effects; however, the percent parasitic mortality observed in the crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of N . nucifera and M . zapota against H . bispinosa were 80, 74, 72, and 100 and 100, 83, 74, and 91, respectively, and the activity for I . staphylina and A . indica against Hip . maculata were 100, 93, 87, and 66 and 78, 90, 87, and 100 at 2,000 ppm, respectively; the larvicidal activity for the same extracts of I . staphylina against A . subpictus were 76, 82, 84, and 100 at 100 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera , hexane extract of M. zapota and leaf hexane extract of I . staphylina , and methanol extract of A. indica against the adults of H . bispinosa and Hip . maculata with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 437.14 and 200.81, and 415.14 and 280.72 ppm, 1,927.57 and 703.52 ppm, and 1,647.70 and 829.39 ppm, respectively. The effective larvicidal activity was observed in leaf methanol extract of I . staphylina against A. subpictus with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 10.39 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H . bispinosa , Hip. maculata , and the medically important vector A . subpictus .

  • evaluation of stem aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles using cissus quadrangularis against Hippobosca maculata and rhipicephalus boophilus microplus
    Experimental Parasitology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Gandhi Elango
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study was to determine the efficacies of anti-parasitic activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using stem aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis against the adult of hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and the larvae of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Contact toxicity method was followed to determine the potential of parasitic activity. Twelve milliliters of stem aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis was treated with 88 ml of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at room temperature for 30 min and the resulting solution was yellow–brown color indicating the formation extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag NPs were recorded by UV–visible spectrum at 420 nm and XRD patterns showed the nanoparticles crystalline in nature. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bioreduction of Ag(+) ions to Ag NPs were due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. FESEM image of Ag NPs showed spherical and oval in shape. By using the Bragg’s Law and Scherrer’s constant, the average mean size of synthesized Ag NPs was 42.46 nm. The spot EDX analysis showed the complete chemical composition of the synthesized Ag NPs. The mortality obtained by the synthesized Ag NPs from the C. quadrangularis was more effective than the aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis and AgNO3 solution (1 mM). The adulticidal activity was observed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the adult of H. maculata with LC50 values of 37.08, 40.35 and 6.30 mg/L; LC90 values of 175.46, 192.17 and 18.14 mg/L and r2 values of 0.970, 0.992 and 0.969, respectively. The maximum efficacy showed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus with LC50 values of 50.00, 21.72 and 7.61 mg/L; LC90 values of 205.12, 82.99 and 22.68 mg/L and r2 values of 0.968, 0.945and 0.994, respectively. The present study is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the experimental plant extract and synthesized Ag NPs. This is an ideal eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for the control of H. maculata and R. (B.) microplus.

  • Evaluation of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann and Hippobosca maculata Leach
    Parasitology Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Abdul Abduz Zahir, Asokan Bagavan, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Razack Rafi Mohamed, Sampath Marimuthu
    Abstract:

    In the current study, in vitro evaluation of crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br., Gloriosa superba L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., and Solanum trilobatum L. exhibited acaricidal and insecticidal activities against the adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). All plant extracts showed moderate toxic effect on parasites after 24 h of exposure; the complete inhibition (100%) at the maximum concentration tested (3,000 ppm) was obtained in acetone, methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts of A. malabarica ; methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of G. superba ; acetone extract of P. guajava ; methanol extract of R. communis ; and leaf hexane extract of S. trilobatum ; and the lowest inhibition (38%) was recorded for the seed hexane extract of S. trilobatum . The highest parasite dead was found in leaf acetone and methanol extracts of A . malabarica , seed methanol of G . superba , leaf methanol of R . communis against H . bispinosa (LC_50 = 466.15, 719.78, 476.06, and 243.87 ppm; LC_90 = 1,837.96, 2,014.47, 1,904.36, and 2,692.15 ppm), leaf hexane and chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , seed chloroform and ethyl acetate of G . superba , leaf acetone of P . guajava , leaf methanol of R . communis , and leaf hexane extract of S . trilobatum against H . maculata (LC_50 = 495.61, 414.81, 360.02, 479.37, 646.30, 506.13, and 432.77 ppm; LC_90 = 1,914.84, 1,956.59, 1,598.54, 1,636.41, 2,192.73, 1,982.66, and 1,872.33 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf methanol of R . communis , chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , and chloroform extract of G . superba have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the H. bispinosa and H. maculata . Therefore, this study provides first report on the parasitic activities of plant extracts from Southern India.

Terry A Klein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • louse flies diptera hippoboscidae ornithomyinae of the republic of korea an updated checklist including two new records of bird louse flies
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Sang Jae Suh, Heung Chul Kim, Sung Tae Chong, Changyong Choi, Hyun Young Nam, Hee Young Chae, Terry A Klein
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT One genus, Ornithoica Rondani, and two species, Ornithoica momiyamai Kishida, and O. unicolor Speiser, are reported for the first time from the Republic of Korea. A total of six species, including two new records, of louse flies were collected from 78 birds belonging to 35 species from Seoul and Incheon Metropolitan Areas and Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Gyeongsangbuk, Jeollabuk, and Jeollanam Provinces, 2005–2010. An updated checklist of Korean hippoboscids consisting of seven genera (Hippobosca L., Icosta Speiser, Lipoptena Nitzsch, Ornithoica Rondani, Ornithoctona Speiser, Ornithomya Lattreille, and Ornithophila Rondani) and 11 species is presented, including hosts, collection records, and repositories.

  • new record of lipoptena cervi and updated checklist of the louse flies diptera hippoboscidae of the republic of korea
    Journal of Medical Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Heung Chul Kim, Sung Tae Chong, Joonseok Chae, Hang Lee, Terry A Klein, Sang Jae Suh, Leopoldo M Rueda
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT This is the first confirmed record of the genus Lipoptena Nitzsch and its species, Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus), from the Republic of Korea. A total of five females and 10 males was collected from eight of 29 Korean water deer, Hydropotes inermis argyropus Swinhoe, from Gangwon and Gyeongsangbuk Provinces and Ulsan Metropolitan Area from May through October 2008. An updated checklist of Korean hippoboscids contains nine species in six genera (Hippobosca Linnaeus, Icosta Speiser, Lipoptena, Ornithoctona Speiser, Ornithomya Lattreille, and Ornithophila Rondani). Hosts, collection records, and repositories are also noted.

Sampath Marimuthu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Efficacy of adulticidal and larvicidal properties of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and Anopheles subpictus
    Parasitology Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar
    Abstract:

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera , Manilkara zapota , Ipomoea staphylina , and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate parasitic effects; however, the percent parasitic mortality observed in the crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of N . nucifera and M . zapota against H . bispinosa were 80, 74, 72, and 100 and 100, 83, 74, and 91, respectively, and the activity for I . staphylina and A . indica against Hip . maculata were 100, 93, 87, and 66 and 78, 90, 87, and 100 at 2,000 ppm, respectively; the larvicidal activity for the same extracts of I . staphylina against A . subpictus were 76, 82, 84, and 100 at 100 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera , hexane extract of M. zapota and leaf hexane extract of I . staphylina , and methanol extract of A. indica against the adults of H . bispinosa and Hip . maculata with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 437.14 and 200.81, and 415.14 and 280.72 ppm, 1,927.57 and 703.52 ppm, and 1,647.70 and 829.39 ppm, respectively. The effective larvicidal activity was observed in leaf methanol extract of I . staphylina against A. subpictus with LC_50 and LC_90 values of 10.39 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H . bispinosa , Hip. maculata , and the medically important vector A . subpictus .

  • evaluation of stem aqueous extract and synthesized silver nanoparticles using cissus quadrangularis against Hippobosca maculata and rhipicephalus boophilus microplus
    Experimental Parasitology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Asokan Bagavan, Arivarasan Vishnu Kirthi, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Abdul Abduz Zahir, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Sampath Marimuthu, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Gandhi Elango
    Abstract:

    Abstract The present study was to determine the efficacies of anti-parasitic activities of synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using stem aqueous extract of Cissus quadrangularis against the adult of hematophagous fly, Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and the larvae of cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Contact toxicity method was followed to determine the potential of parasitic activity. Twelve milliliters of stem aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis was treated with 88 ml of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at room temperature for 30 min and the resulting solution was yellow–brown color indicating the formation extracellular synthesis of Ag NPs. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized with UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag NPs were recorded by UV–visible spectrum at 420 nm and XRD patterns showed the nanoparticles crystalline in nature. FTIR analysis confirmed that the bioreduction of Ag(+) ions to Ag NPs were due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract. FESEM image of Ag NPs showed spherical and oval in shape. By using the Bragg’s Law and Scherrer’s constant, the average mean size of synthesized Ag NPs was 42.46 nm. The spot EDX analysis showed the complete chemical composition of the synthesized Ag NPs. The mortality obtained by the synthesized Ag NPs from the C. quadrangularis was more effective than the aqueous extract of C. quadrangularis and AgNO3 solution (1 mM). The adulticidal activity was observed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the adult of H. maculata with LC50 values of 37.08, 40.35 and 6.30 mg/L; LC90 values of 175.46, 192.17 and 18.14 mg/L and r2 values of 0.970, 0.992 and 0.969, respectively. The maximum efficacy showed in the aqueous extract, AgNO3 solution and synthesized Ag NPs against the larvae of R. (B.) microplus with LC50 values of 50.00, 21.72 and 7.61 mg/L; LC90 values of 205.12, 82.99 and 22.68 mg/L and r2 values of 0.968, 0.945and 0.994, respectively. The present study is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the experimental plant extract and synthesized Ag NPs. This is an ideal eco-friendly and inexpensive approach for the control of H. maculata and R. (B.) microplus.

  • Evaluation of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann and Hippobosca maculata Leach
    Parasitology Research, 2010
    Co-Authors: Abdul Abduz Zahir, Asokan Bagavan, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Chidambaram Jayaseelan, Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar, Gandhi Elango, Abdul Abdul Rahuman, Govindasamy Rajakumar, Razack Rafi Mohamed, Sampath Marimuthu
    Abstract:

    In the current study, in vitro evaluation of crude hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br., Gloriosa superba L., Psidium guajava L., Ricinus communis L., and Solanum trilobatum L. exhibited acaricidal and insecticidal activities against the adult of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae). All plant extracts showed moderate toxic effect on parasites after 24 h of exposure; the complete inhibition (100%) at the maximum concentration tested (3,000 ppm) was obtained in acetone, methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts of A. malabarica ; methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of G. superba ; acetone extract of P. guajava ; methanol extract of R. communis ; and leaf hexane extract of S. trilobatum ; and the lowest inhibition (38%) was recorded for the seed hexane extract of S. trilobatum . The highest parasite dead was found in leaf acetone and methanol extracts of A . malabarica , seed methanol of G . superba , leaf methanol of R . communis against H . bispinosa (LC_50 = 466.15, 719.78, 476.06, and 243.87 ppm; LC_90 = 1,837.96, 2,014.47, 1,904.36, and 2,692.15 ppm), leaf hexane and chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , seed chloroform and ethyl acetate of G . superba , leaf acetone of P . guajava , leaf methanol of R . communis , and leaf hexane extract of S . trilobatum against H . maculata (LC_50 = 495.61, 414.81, 360.02, 479.37, 646.30, 506.13, and 432.77 ppm; LC_90 = 1,914.84, 1,956.59, 1,598.54, 1,636.41, 2,192.73, 1,982.66, and 1,872.33 ppm), respectively. These results suggest that the leaf methanol of R . communis , chloroform extracts of A . malabarica , and chloroform extract of G . superba have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the H. bispinosa and H. maculata . Therefore, this study provides first report on the parasitic activities of plant extracts from Southern India.