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Patrick S Sullivan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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willingness to distribute free rapid home HIV Test kits and to Test with social or sexual network associates among men who have sex with men in the united states
Aids Care-psychological and Socio-medical Aspects of Aids\ hiv, 2017Co-Authors: Akshay Sharma, Pollyanna R Chavez, Robin J Macgowan, A D Mcnaghten, Brian Mustanski, Laura Gravens, Arin Freeman, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:Peer-driven HIV prevention strategies can be effective in identifying high-risk persons with undiagnosed infections. Besides individual self-Testing, other potential uses of rapid home HIV Test kits include distributing them, and Testing with others within one's social or sexual networks. We sought to identify factors associated with the willingness to engage in these alternative activities among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States. From May to October 2014, we surveyed 828 HIV-negative or unknown status MSM about multiple aspects of rapid home HIV Testing. A greater proportion indicated being likely to distribute free oral fluid (OF) Tests compared to free finger-stick blood (FSB) Tests (91% versus 79%), and almost three-fourths (72%) reported being likely to Test with their friends or sex partners in the future. MSM not identifying as homosexual/gay were less willing to distribute OF Tests, and those with lower educational attainment were more willing to distribute FSB Tests. MSM unaware of their HIV status were less likely to report potentially Testing with others using free rapid home HIV Tests compared to those who were HIV-negative. Finally, MSM willing to self-Test were more likely to report future Test kit distribution, and those willing to distribute kits were more likely to report potentially Testing with others. Engaging individuals with positive attitudes towards these strategies in prevention efforts could help increase HIV Testing levels among MSM. A greater understanding of the potential public health impact of rapid home HIV Test kits is necessary.
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brief report relationship and demographic factors associated with willingness to use an in home rapid HIV Test to screen potential sex partners among a us sample of HIV negative and HIV discordant male couples
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2015Co-Authors: Jason W Mitchell, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:With dyadic data from a US Internet sample of 275 HIV-negative and 58 discordant male couples, we assessed HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes towards using an in-home rapid HIV Test to screen potential new sex partners and associated factors by multivariate multilevel modeling. HIV-negative partnered men were “likely” to use a HT for screening purposes. More positive attitudes were associated with being in a mixed/nonwhite relationship; having an open sexual agreement. Less positive attitudes were associated with both partners being well educated. These findings may highlight how to make the most of HTs as risk-reduction screening tool among at-risk male couples.
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HIV negative partnered men s attitudes toward using an in home rapid HIV Test and associated factors among a sample of us HIV negative and HIV discordant male couples
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Jason W Mitchell, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:BACKGROUND Many men who have sex with men acquire HIV while in a same-sex relationship. Studies with gay male couples have demonstrated that relationship characteristics and Testing behaviors are important to examine for HIV prevention. Recently, an in-home rapid HIV Test (HT) has become available for purchase in the United States. However, HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes toward using an HT and whether characteristics of their relationship affect their use of HTs remain largely unknown. This information is relevant for the development of HIV prevention interventions targeting at-risk HIV-negative and HIV-discordant male couples. METHODS To assess HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes and associated factors toward using an HT, a cross-sectional Internet-based survey was used to collect dyadic data from a national sample of 275 HIV-negative and 58 HIV-discordant gay male couples. Multivariate multilevel modeling was used to identify behavioral and relationship factors associated with 631 HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes toward using an HT. RESULTS HIV-negative partnered men were "very likely" to use an HT. More positive attitudes toward using an HT were associated with being in a relationship of mixed or nonwhite race and with one or both men recently having had sex with a casual male partner. Less positive attitudes toward using an HT were associated with both partners being well educated, with greater resources (investment size) in the relationship, and with one or both men having a primary care provider. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be used to help improve Testing rates via promotion of HTs among gay male couples.
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reasons for not HIV Testing Testing intentions and potential use of an over the counter rapid HIV Test in an internet sample of men who have sex with men who have never Tested for HIV
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Duncan A Mackellar, Su I Hou, Christopher C Whalen, Karen Samuelsen, Travis Sanchez, Amanda Smith, Damian Denson, Amy Lansky, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:Background:Correlates of main reasons for not HIV Testing, HIV Testing intentions, and potential use of an over-the-counter rapid HIV Test (OTCRT) among men who have sex with men who have never Tested for HIV (NTMSM) are unknown.Methods:We evaluated these correlates among 946 NTMSM from 6 US cities
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evaluation of oral fluid enzyme immunoassay for confirmation of a positive rapid human immunodeficiency virus Test result
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Laura G Wesolowski, Bernard M Branson, Duncan A Mackellar, Travis Sanchez, Steven F Ethridge, Niel T Constantine, F Ketema, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:The CDC recommends that a reactive rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Test be confirmed with an approved supplemental Test; the performance of an intermediate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is optional. In support of this recommendation, it was found that of 1,431 reactive rapid HIV Test results, 2 (0.1%) had false-negative oral fluid Western blot results and both had false-negative EIA results.
Duncan A Mackellar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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reasons for not HIV Testing Testing intentions and potential use of an over the counter rapid HIV Test in an internet sample of men who have sex with men who have never Tested for HIV
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2011Co-Authors: Duncan A Mackellar, Su I Hou, Christopher C Whalen, Karen Samuelsen, Travis Sanchez, Amanda Smith, Damian Denson, Amy Lansky, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:Background:Correlates of main reasons for not HIV Testing, HIV Testing intentions, and potential use of an over-the-counter rapid HIV Test (OTCRT) among men who have sex with men who have never Tested for HIV (NTMSM) are unknown.Methods:We evaluated these correlates among 946 NTMSM from 6 US cities
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evaluation of oral fluid enzyme immunoassay for confirmation of a positive rapid human immunodeficiency virus Test result
Clinical and Vaccine Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Laura G Wesolowski, Bernard M Branson, Duncan A Mackellar, Travis Sanchez, Steven F Ethridge, Niel T Constantine, F Ketema, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:The CDC recommends that a reactive rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Test be confirmed with an approved supplemental Test; the performance of an intermediate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is optional. In support of this recommendation, it was found that of 1,431 reactive rapid HIV Test results, 2 (0.1%) had false-negative oral fluid Western blot results and both had false-negative EIA results.
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exposure to HIV partner counseling and referral services and notification of sexual partners among persons recently diagnosed with HIV
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2009Co-Authors: Duncan A Mackellar, Su I Hou, Stephanie Behel, Brian Boyett, David I Miller, Ekow Kwa Sey, Nina T Harawa, Nikhil G Prachand, Trista Bingham, Carol A CiesielskiAbstract:ARTICLES Exposure to HIV Partner Counseling and Referral Services and Notification of Sexual Partners among Persons Recently Diagnosed with HIV Duncan A. MacKellar, MA, MPH,* Sn-I Hon, DRPH,7‘ Stephanie Behel, MPH,* Brian Boyett, MS,* David Miller, BA,* Ekow Sey, PHD,.3Iq Nina Harawa, PHD,§ Nik Prachand, MPH,|| Trista Bingham, PHD,i and Carol Ciesielski, MD||fl Objective: Among HIV-infected persons. we evaluated use of client partner notification (CPN) and health-department partner notification strategies to infonn sex partners of possible HIV exposure. and prior exposure to partner counseling and referral services. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional. observational study of 590 persons diagnosed with HIV in the prior 6 months at 5| HIV Test. medical. and research providers in Chicago and Los Angeles in 2003 and 2004. Logistic regression was used to identify independent corre- lates of using CPN to notify all locatahle partners. Results: Participants reported a total of 5091 sex partners in the 6 months preceding HIV diagnosis: I253 (24.6%) partners were locatable and not known to be HIV-positive. Of 439 panicipants with 2| locatable partners. 332 (75.6%) reported notifying 696 (55.5%) part- ners by CPN (585. 8-Ll‘/r). health-department partner notification (94. l3.5%). or other means ( I7. 2.4%): 208 (47.4%) used CPN to notify all locatahle partners. Independent correlates of CPN included having fewer locatable partners and discussing the need to notify partners with an HIV medical-care provider (black and Hispanic participants only). Many participants reported that their HIV Test or medical-care provider did not discuss the need to notify partners (48.8%. 33.7%. respectively) and did not offer health-department partner-notification services (60.8%. 52.8%). Conclusion: Many locatahle sex partners who might beneiit from being notified of potential HIV exposure are not notified. In accordance with national policies. HIV Test and medical-care providers should routinely provide partner counseling and referral services to HIV- infected clients so that all locatable partners are notified and provided *Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention—Surveillance and Epidemiology. National Center for HIV. STD. and TB Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta. CA: the I'College of Public Health. University of Georgia. Athens. GA: the :£Los An- geles County Department of Public Health; the §Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science. Los Angeles. CA; the ||Chi- cago Department of Public Health. Chicago. IL: and the ‘IDivision of STD Prevention. National Center for HIV. STD. and TB Pre- vention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta. GA Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the US Department of Health and Human Services. Correspondence: Duncan A. MacKellar. MA. MPH. Centers for Dis- ease Control and Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road NE. MS E-46. Atlanta. GA 30333. E—mail: dym4@cdc.gov. Received for publication March 17. 2008. and accepted October 2. 2008. D01: I0. I097/0LQ.0b0 I 3e3 l 8 I 8d6500 Copyright © 2009 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association All rights reserved. an opportunity to learn their HIV status. H iv partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) include the broad array of prevention counseling. Testing, and referral services provided to HIV-infected persons and their sexual and needle-sharing partners.‘ In accordance with na- tional PCRS policies. HIV Test and medical-care providers should discuss with their HIV-infected clients the need to notify partners of their possible exposure to HIV and help plan how partners might be notified.'-3 Two frequently used partner-notification strategies in- clude client partner notification (CPN). where HIV-infected clients personally notify their partners. and health-department partner notification (HDPN). where clients give sufficient in- formation to health department staff who are then responsible for notifying identified partners.'-4 Provision of PCRS and use of CPN and HDPN are important prevention strategies in the United States because many partners of HIV-infected persons are unaware of their HIV infection. and because most persons who become aware of their infection take steps to prevent transmission to others.-q5 Most research on PCRS. conducted before the dissemi- nation of national policies and the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy. has focused on the effectiveness of HDPN in identifying and Testing I-IIV-infected. unaware part- nets.‘-4 Provision of PCRS by HIV Test and medical-care pro- viders since the dissemination of national polices and the relative use of CPN and HDPN to notify partners have not been reported and are unknown. Use of CPN to notify all locatahle partners by client socio-demographic characteristics. time since diagnosis. number and types of partners. and exposure to PCRS is also unknown. Infomiation on these and other potential correlates of CPN might be useful for improving PCRS by identifying potential partner-notification barriers and helping clients choose successful strategies to notify partners. To evaluate implementation of national PCRS policies and to help meet these infomtation needs. we analyzed data from the client‘s perspective on exposure to PCRS from HIV Test and medical-care providers. use of CPN and HDPN, and correlates of CPN among persons recently diagnosed with HIV in Chicago and Los Angeles. METHODS Survey Design, Recruitment, and Interview We conducted a cross-sectional. observational study of persons recently diagnosed with HIV referred from a nonprob- ability sample of 51 HIV Test. medical. and research providers in Chicago and Los Angeles in 2003 and 2004. Providers 170 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 0 Volume 36, Number 3, March 2009
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repeat confirmatory Testing for persons with discordant whole blood and oral fluid rapid HIV Test results findings from post marketing surveillance
PLOS ONE, 2008Co-Authors: Laura G Wesolowski, Duncan A Mackellar, Steven F Ethridge, Julia H Zhu, Michele S Owen, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:Background Reactive oral fluid and whole blood rapid HIV Tests must be followed with a confirmatory Test (Western blot (WB), immunofluorescent assay (IFA) or approved nucleic acid amplification Test (NAAT)). When the confirmatory result is negative or indeterminate (i.e. discordant with rapid result), repeat confirmatory Testing should be conducted using a follow-up specimen. Previous reports have not described whether repeat Testing adequately resolves the HIV-infection status of persons with discordant results. Methodology Post-marketing surveillance was conducted in 368 Testing sites affiliated with 14 state and 2 city health departments from August 11, 2004 to June 30, 2005 and one health department through December 31, 2005. For persons with discordant results, data were collected on demographics, risk behaviors, HIV Test results and specimen types. Persons with repeat confirmatory results were classified as HIV-infected or uninfected. Regression models were created to assess risk factors for not having repeat Testing. Principal Findings Of 167,371 rapid Tests conducted, 2589 (1.6%) were reactive: of these, 2417 (93%) had positive WB/IFA, 172 (7%) had negative or indeterminate WB/IFA. Of 89/172 (52%) persons with a repeat confirmatory Test: 17 (19%) were HIV-infected, including 3 with indeterminate WB and positive NAAT; 72 (81%) were uninfected, including 12 with repeat indeterminate WB. Factors associated with HIV-infection included having an initial indeterminate WB/IFA (vs. negative) (p<0.001) and having an initial oral fluid WB (vs. serum) (p<0.001). Persons who had male-female sex (vs. male-male sex) were at increased risk for not having a repeat Test [adjusted OR 2.6, 95% CI (1.3, 4.9)]. Conclusions Though only half of persons with discordant results had repeat confirmatory Testing, of those who did, nearly one in five were HIV-infected. These findings underscore the need for rapid HIV Testing programs to increase repeat confirmatory Testing for persons with discordant results. Because of the lower sensitivity of oral fluid WBs, confirmatory Testing following a reactive rapid Test should be conducted using serum or plasma, when possible.
Moses R Kamya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential for false positive HIV Test results with the serial rapid HIV Testing algorithm
BMC Research Notes, 2012Co-Authors: Steven Baveewo, Moses R Kamya, Harriet Mayanjakizza, Robin Fatch, David R Bangsberg, Thomas J Coates, Judith A Hahn, Rhoda K WanyenzeAbstract:Background: Rapid HIV Tests provide same-day results and are widely used in HIV Testing programs in areas with limited personnel and laboratory infrastructure. The Uganda Ministry of Health currently recommends the serial rapid Testing algorithm with Determine, STAT-PAK, and Uni-Gold for diagnosis of HIV infection. Using this algorithm, individuals who Test positive on Determine, negative to STAT-PAK and positive to Uni-Gold are reported as HIV positive. We conducted further Testing on this subgroup of samples using qualitative DNA PCR to assess the potential for false positive Tests in this situation. Results: Of the 3388 individuals who were Tested, 984 were HIV positive on two consecutive Tests, and 29 were considered positive by a tiebreaker (positive on Determine, negative on STAT-PAK, and positive on Uni-Gold). However, when the 29 samples were further Tested using qualitative DNA PCR, 14 (48.2%) were HIV negative. Conclusion: Although this study was not primarily designed to assess the validity of rapid HIV Tests and thus only a subset of the samples were reTested, the findings show a potential for false positive HIV results in the subset of individuals who Test positive when a tiebreaker Test is used in serial Testing. These findings highlight a need for confirmatory Testing for this category of individuals.
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False-positive results of enzyme immunoassays for human immunodeficiency virus in patients with uncomplicated malaria
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Anne F. Gasasira, Pierre Jean Rosenthal, Diane Havlir, Moses Kiggundu, Grant Dorsey, Moses R Kamya, Edwin D CharleboisAbstract:Malaria may impact upon human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Test results. We evaluated two HIV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) by Testing 1,965 Ugandans with malaria. We found poor positive predictive values (53% and 76%), particularly with younger age. Combining EIAs eliminated false positives but missed 21% of true positives. Performance of HIV EIAs in malaria may be unsatisfactory.
Edwin D Charlebois - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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False-positive results of enzyme immunoassays for human immunodeficiency virus in patients with uncomplicated malaria
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Anne F. Gasasira, Pierre Jean Rosenthal, Diane Havlir, Moses Kiggundu, Grant Dorsey, Moses R Kamya, Edwin D CharleboisAbstract:Malaria may impact upon human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Test results. We evaluated two HIV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) by Testing 1,965 Ugandans with malaria. We found poor positive predictive values (53% and 76%), particularly with younger age. Combining EIAs eliminated false positives but missed 21% of true positives. Performance of HIV EIAs in malaria may be unsatisfactory.
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potential deterrent effect of name based HIV infection surveillance
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2005Co-Authors: Edwin D Charlebois, Andre Maiorana, Marisa Mclaughlin, Kim Koester, Stuart Gaffney, George W Rutherford, Stephen F MorinAbstract:To meet federal recommendations to collect case reports of HIV infection, California has adopted a non-name code system to conduct HIV surveillance. The objective of this study was to evaluate among HIV Test takers the acceptability and preferences for the 3 major types of HIV infection reporting-name, name-to-code, and non-name code. Interviewer-administered exit surveys with spoken scripts and matching printed materials clearly outlining the 3 HIV reporting options were conducted among HIV Test takers immediately following appointments for preTest HIV counseling and blood collection. The study enrolled 208 HIV Test takers at 14 publicly funded HIV Testing sites in 4 California counties (Los Angeles, Riverside, Fresno, and Santa Clara). Overall with respect to which would be the most acceptable system, 67% reported non-name code, 19% reported name-to-code, and 12% reported name-based HIV reporting (P < 0.0001). A second sample of 226 exit surveys taken 1 year following implementation of California's non-name code HIV infection reporting system continued to show a significant preference for non-name code HIV infection reporting. Significant independent predictors of a preference for coded HIV reporting in both the pre- and postimplementation period were men who have sex with men (odds ratio [OR] = 5.7, 95% CI: 1.2-26 in the preperiod) and having just taken an anonymous HIV Test (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4-9.3, P = 0.009 preperiod). Were the state to adopt name-based HIV reporting, significantly fewer individuals report being likely in the next 12 months to have a confidential HIV Test than report being likely to have an anonymous HIV Test (51% likely confidential vs. 76% likely anonymous, P < 0.0001). This analysis documents strong support, among HIV Test takers in California, for a non-name coded HIV reporting system and indicates a high probability of a shift away from confidential Testing toward anonymous Testing under a scenario of name-based reporting. This shift is of concern as confidential HIV Testing is the basis of US HIV surveillance systems.
Jason W Mitchell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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brief report relationship and demographic factors associated with willingness to use an in home rapid HIV Test to screen potential sex partners among a us sample of HIV negative and HIV discordant male couples
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2015Co-Authors: Jason W Mitchell, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:With dyadic data from a US Internet sample of 275 HIV-negative and 58 discordant male couples, we assessed HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes towards using an in-home rapid HIV Test to screen potential new sex partners and associated factors by multivariate multilevel modeling. HIV-negative partnered men were “likely” to use a HT for screening purposes. More positive attitudes were associated with being in a mixed/nonwhite relationship; having an open sexual agreement. Less positive attitudes were associated with both partners being well educated. These findings may highlight how to make the most of HTs as risk-reduction screening tool among at-risk male couples.
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HIV negative partnered men s attitudes toward using an in home rapid HIV Test and associated factors among a sample of us HIV negative and HIV discordant male couples
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Jason W Mitchell, Patrick S SullivanAbstract:BACKGROUND Many men who have sex with men acquire HIV while in a same-sex relationship. Studies with gay male couples have demonstrated that relationship characteristics and Testing behaviors are important to examine for HIV prevention. Recently, an in-home rapid HIV Test (HT) has become available for purchase in the United States. However, HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes toward using an HT and whether characteristics of their relationship affect their use of HTs remain largely unknown. This information is relevant for the development of HIV prevention interventions targeting at-risk HIV-negative and HIV-discordant male couples. METHODS To assess HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes and associated factors toward using an HT, a cross-sectional Internet-based survey was used to collect dyadic data from a national sample of 275 HIV-negative and 58 HIV-discordant gay male couples. Multivariate multilevel modeling was used to identify behavioral and relationship factors associated with 631 HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes toward using an HT. RESULTS HIV-negative partnered men were "very likely" to use an HT. More positive attitudes toward using an HT were associated with being in a relationship of mixed or nonwhite race and with one or both men recently having had sex with a casual male partner. Less positive attitudes toward using an HT were associated with both partners being well educated, with greater resources (investment size) in the relationship, and with one or both men having a primary care provider. CONCLUSIONS These findings may be used to help improve Testing rates via promotion of HTs among gay male couples.