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Stefan F. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue selective homing receptor patterns of t cells important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European Journal of Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c+ DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and α4β7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8+ T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
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dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue selective homing receptor patterns of t cells important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European Journal of Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c(+) DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and alpha4beta7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8(+) T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
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Dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue‐selective homing receptor patterns of T cells: important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European journal of immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c(+) DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and alpha4beta7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8(+) T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
Jan C. Dudda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue selective homing receptor patterns of t cells important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European Journal of Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c+ DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and α4β7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8+ T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
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dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue selective homing receptor patterns of t cells important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European Journal of Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c(+) DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and alpha4beta7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8(+) T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
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Dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue‐selective homing receptor patterns of T cells: important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European journal of immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c(+) DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and alpha4beta7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8(+) T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
Bo Melander - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of mechanical weeding and fertilisation on perennial weeds, fungal diseases, soil structure and crop yield in organic spring cereals
2020Co-Authors: Brandsæter, Lars Olav, Mangerud Kjell, Andersson Lars, Børresen Trond, Brodal Guro, Bo MelanderAbstract:There is a need both in organic farming and on farms using integrated pest management for non-chemical measures that control the perennial weed flora. The effect of mechanical weeding and fertilisation on perennial weeds, fungal diseases and soil structure were evaluated in two different experiments in spring cereals. Experiment I included six strategies. The first strategy was (1) without specific measures against perennial weeds. The other strategies encompassed one or two seasonal control measures; (2) rhizome/root cutting with minimal soil disturbance in autumn, (3) Hoeing with 24 cm row spacing, (4) combined Hoeing and disc harrowing in autumn, (5) ‘KvikUp’ harrowing in spring, and (6) ‘KvikUp’ harrowing in spring and autumn. Experiment II included factor (i) inter-row Hoeing and (ii) fertilisation level. This experiment included the comparison between normal row spacing (12 cm) with weed harrowing versus double row spacing (=24 cm) in combination with inter-row Hoeing and 4 fertilisation levels (50–200 kg N ha−1). In experiment I the strategies consisting of no or one direct weed control measure (1, 2, 3 and 5) clearly did not control the perennial weeds. The two seasonal control measures (4 and 6) gave a satisfactory weed control and highest crop yield. The combination of best weed control and no measured harmful effects on soil structure or increase of fungal diseases may explain the highest yields for these strategies. In Experiment II, Hoeing and 24 cm spacing gave less perennial biomass compared to 12 cm spacing. Grain yields increased linearly with increasing nitrogen input. The study shows that both inter-row Hoeing and weed harrows, are important elements in integrated pest management practice and organic farming. In addition, our results indicate that efficient mechanical weeding is possible without harmful effects in crop rotation consisting of various spring cereals as regards soil structure and plant health
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Influence of intra-row weed growth on crop yield in organic spring cereals
2019Co-Authors: Bo Melander, Mccollough MargaretAbstract:The importance of intra-row weed growth following inter-row Hoeing is quantified
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inter row Hoeing for weed control in organic spring cereals influence of inter row spacing and nitrogen rate
European Journal of Agronomy, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Melander, Khawar Jabran, Chiara De Notaris, Liubava Znova, Ole Green, Jorgen E OlesenAbstract:Abstract Inter-row Hoeing has become increasingly important for weed control in organic spring cereals since the introduction of automatic steering systems. The technology requires a widening of current inter-row spacing for spring cereals in order to provide sufficient room for accurate operation of a hoe share between crop rows. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the optimal combination of inter-row Hoeing, inter-row spacing and nitrogen (N) rate in terms of weeding effectiveness and crop yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on weed and crop growth of the interaction between five inter-row spacings (125, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mm) and two N rates (50 and 100 kg NH4-N ha−1). Three field experiments were conducted in spring barley and two in spring wheat. One Hoeing pass was applied for each inter-row spacing using a share width that worked 15–47 mm from the crop row. The immediate effect on weed numbers following Hoeing was a 80–90% reduction in barley and a 63–80% reduction in wheat, but with no significant differences between spacings and N rates. However, the effect on weed biomass at crop anthesis was minor in barley because the crop itself substantially suppressed weed growth. Spring wheat was less competitive and inter-row Hoeing reduced weed biomass by 60–70% compared to the standard 125 mm spacing without Hoeing. The widening of inter-row spacing appeared not to reduce crop yield or grain quality. Prerequisites for successful inter-row Hoeing in spring cereals include retained crop stands when increasing inter-row spacing and the avoidance of crop injuries from inaccurate steering.
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Inter-row Hoeing for weed control in organic spring cereals – interactions with inter-row spacing and nitrogen rate
2018Co-Authors: Bo MelanderAbstract:Inter-row Hoeing has become increasingly important for weed control in organic spring cereals since the introduction of automatic steering systems. The technology requires a widening of current inter-row spacing for spring cereals in order to provide sufficient room for accurate operation of a hoe share between crop rows. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the optimal combination of inter-row Hoeing, inter-row spacing and nitrogen rate in terms of weeding effectiveness and crop yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on weed and crop growth of the interaction between five inter-row spacings (125, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mm) and two nitrogen rates (50 and 100 kg NH4-N ha-1). Three field experiments were conducted in spring barley and two in spring wheat. One Hoeing pass was applied for each inter-row spacing using a share width that worked 15 to 20 mm from the crop row. The immediate effect on weed numbers following Hoeing was an 80-90 % reduction in barley and a 63-80 % reduction in wheat, but with no significant differences between spacings and nitrogen rates. However, the effect on weed biomass at crop anthesis was minor in barley because the crop itself substantially suppressed weed growth. Spring wheat was less competitive and inter-row Hoeing reduced weed biomass by 60-70 % compared to the standard 125 mm spacing without Hoeing. The widening of inter-row spacing appeared not to reduce crop yield or grain quality. Prerequisites for successful inter-row Hoeing in spring cereals include retained crop stands when increasing inter-row spacing and the avoidance of crop injuries due to inaccurate steering
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Inter-row Hoeing for weed control in organic spring cereals-Influence of inter-row spacing and nitrogen rate
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Bo Melander, Jabran Khawar, De Notaris Chiara, Znova Liubava, Green Ole, Olesen, Jurgen E.Abstract:Olesen, Jorgen E/0000-0002-6639-1273; Jabran, Khawar/0000-0001-8512-3330; De Notaris, Chiara/0000-0002-3764-012X; Melander, Bo/0000-0002-5183-3278WOS: 000452942600006Inter-row Hoeing has become increasingly important for weed control in organic spring cereals since the introduction of automatic steering systems. The technology requires a widening of current inter-row spacing for spring cereals in order to provide sufficient room for accurate operation of a hoe share between crop rows. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the optimal combination of inter-row Hoeing, inter-row spacing and nitrogen (N) rate in terms of weeding effectiveness and crop yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on weed and crop growth of the interaction between five inter-row spacings (125, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mm) and two N rates (50 and 100 kg NH4-N ha(-1)). Three field experiments were conducted in spring barley and two in spring wheat. One Hoeing pass was applied for each inter-row spacing using a share width that worked 15-47 mm from the crop row. The immediate effect on weed numbers following Hoeing was a 80-90% reduction in barley and a 63-80% reduction in wheat, but with no significant differences between spacings and N rates. However, the effect on weed biomass at crop anthesis was minor in barley because the crop itself substantially suppressed weed growth. Spring wheat was less competitive and inter-row Hoeing reduced weed biomass by 60-70% compared to the standard 125 mm spacing without Hoeing. The widening of inter-row spacing appeared not to reduce crop yield or grain quality. Prerequisites for successful inter-row Hoeing in spring cereals include retained crop stands when increasing inter-row spacing and the avoidance of crop injuries from inaccurate steering.Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark; International Centre for Research in Organic Food SystemsWe acknowledge the Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark and the International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems for funding this research, which was part of the RowCrop project under the Organic RDD2 programme. We would like to thank technicians Eugene Driessen and Karen Bjorn Heinager for their skilful technical assistance and Agrolntelli (www.agrointelli.com) for delivering the equipment for sowing and inter-row Hoeing
Seid Muhie Dawud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Management of Blue Gum Chalcid (Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) infestation on different species of Eucalyptus trees in Kalu district, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia
Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Tigabu Redae Alle, Adane Tesfaye Lema, Seid Muhie DawudAbstract:The recently introduced chalcid pest known as the Blue Gum Chalcid (BGC) (L. invasa) is currently one of the major insect pests of Eucalyptus tree species in Ethiopia. A research was conducted in Kalu district, South Wollo, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, the main objective of which was to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic insecticides, Hoeing and water showering options against BGC. Two parallel experiments were conducted in the nursery and in the field. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. saligna, E. viminalis, E. citrodora and E. globulus were considered in the nursery at Chorisa. One to three-year old E. camaldulensis plantations were considered at Tikuro plantation site. At the nursery, seven treatments and at the field 10 treatments were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications from January to February 2019, where treatments were applied 3 times at 15-day intervals. Results from the 1-year old plantation revealed that application of Dimethoate 40%, Carbofuran 3G and Dimethoate 40% + Hoeing followed by Carbofuran 3G + Hoeing and Thiamethoxam 25WG were effective in checking the BGC insect pest infestation. In the 3-year old plantation, Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced the infestation followed by Dimethoate 40%. At the nursery, Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G reduced the infestation followed by Carbofuran 3G + Dimethoate 40% and thiamethoxam 25WG. Water showering and Hoeing did not reduce BGC infestation in all cases at the field plantations. Treatments that received synthetic insecticides and Hoeing had low infestation, the reason for which was the insecticide rather than the Hoeing, because the Hoeing alone didn’t differ from the control. Application of Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G with Hoeing and weeding activities were recommended to manage and limit BGC insect pest infestations.
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management of blue gum chalcid leptocybe invasa fisher la salle hymenoptera eulophidae infestation on different species of eucalyptus trees in kalu district eastern amhara ethiopia
Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 2020Co-Authors: Tigabu Redae Alle, Adane Tesfaye Lema, Seid Muhie DawudAbstract:The recently introduced chalcid pest known as the Blue Gum Chalcid (BGC) (L. invasa) is currently one of the major insect pests of Eucalyptus tree species in Ethiopia. A research was conducted in Kalu district, South Wollo, Eastern Amhara, Ethiopia, the main objective of which was to evaluate the effectiveness of synthetic insecticides, Hoeing and water showering options against BGC. Two parallel experiments were conducted in the nursery and in the field. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. saligna, E. viminalis, E. citrodora and E. globulus were considered in the nursery at Chorisa. One to three-year old E. camaldulensis plantations were considered at Tikuro plantation site. At the nursery, seven treatments and at the field 10 treatments were tested in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications from January to February 2019, where treatments were applied 3 times at 15-day intervals. Results from the 1-year old plantation revealed that application of Dimethoate 40%, Carbofuran 3G and Dimethoate 40% + Hoeing followed by Carbofuran 3G + Hoeing and Thiamethoxam 25WG were effective in checking the BGC insect pest infestation. In the 3-year old plantation, Carbofuran 3G significantly reduced the infestation followed by Dimethoate 40%. At the nursery, Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G reduced the infestation followed by Carbofuran 3G + Dimethoate 40% and thiamethoxam 25WG. Water showering and Hoeing did not reduce BGC infestation in all cases at the field plantations. Treatments that received synthetic insecticides and Hoeing had low infestation, the reason for which was the insecticide rather than the Hoeing, because the Hoeing alone didn’t differ from the control. Application of Dimethoate 40% and Carbofuran 3G with Hoeing and weeding activities were recommended to manage and limit BGC insect pest infestations.
Reinhold Forster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue selective homing receptor patterns of t cells important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European Journal of Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c+ DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and α4β7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8+ T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
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dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue selective homing receptor patterns of t cells important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European Journal of Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c(+) DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and alpha4beta7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8(+) T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.
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Dendritic cells govern induction and reprogramming of polarized tissue‐selective homing receptor patterns of T cells: important roles for soluble factors and tissue microenvironments
European journal of immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Jan C. Dudda, Annalisa Lembo, Eva Bachtanian, Jochen Huehn, Christiane Siewert, Alf Hamann, Elisabeth Kremmer, Reinhold Forster, Stefan F. MartinAbstract:Tissue-selective homing is established during naive T cell activation by the tissue microenvironment and tissue-specific dendritic cells (DC). The factors driving induction and maintenance of T cell homing patterns are still largely unknown. Here we show that soluble factors produced during the interaction of T cells with CD11c(+) DC isolated from skin- or small intestine-associated tissues differentially modulate expression of the corresponding tissue-selective homing receptors (E-selectin ligands and alpha4beta7 integrin/CCR9, respectively) on murine CD8(+) T cells. Injection of tissue-specific DC via different routes induces T cells with homing receptors characteristic of the corresponding local tissue microenvironment, independent of the origin of the DC. These data indicate an important role for signals delivered in trans. Moreover, DC can reprogram the homing receptor expression on T cells previously polarized in vitro for homing to skin or small intestine. Importantly, skin-homing memory T cells stimulated directly ex vivo can also be reprogrammed by intestinal DC to a gut-homing phenotype. Our results show that tissue-selective homing receptor expression on effector and memory T cells is governed by inductive as well as suppressive signals from both DC and tissue microenvironments.