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Michael Esfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Atomism and Holism: Philosophical Aspects
International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Michael EsfeldAbstract:In the philosophy of the social sciences, atomism is the view that human beings can be thinking, rational beings independently of social relations. Holism, by contrast, is the view that social relations are essential to human beings insofar as they are thinking, rational beings. This article first provides an overview of different sorts of atomism and Holism (see Section Types of Atomism and Holism). It then briefly sketches the historical background of these notions in modern philosophy (Section The Historical Background of Atomism and Holism). The main part is a systematic characterization of atomism and Holism (see Section A Characterization of Atomism and Holism) and a summary of the most important arguments for both these positions (see Section Arguments for Atomism and Holism).
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Holism in philosophy of mind and philosophy of physics
2001Co-Authors: Michael EsfeldAbstract:Acknowledgements. Introduction. 1. What is Holism? Proposal for a General Conception. 2. Arguments for Holism About Beliefs. 3. From Social Holism to Holism about Beliefs. 4. Holism as Revision of the Cartesian Tradition. 5. Holism and the Relation Between Mind and World. 6. Cartesianism in Physics and Holism about Space or Space-Time. 7. The Basis for Holism in Quantum Physics. 8. The Meaning of Quantum Holism. 9. The Extension of Quantum Holism and the Philosophy of Mind. 10. The Mutual Enrichment of Quantum Holism and Holism in Philosophy of Mind. References. Index of Names. Index of Subjects.
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The Mutual Enrichment of Quantum Holism and Holism in Philosophy of Mind
Holism in Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Physics, 2001Co-Authors: Michael EsfeldAbstract:What is meant by Holism in quantum physics and what is meant by Holism in the philosophy of mind has a substantial common conceptual content. However, we cannot melt these two sorts of Holism together in order to reach one comprehensive Holism. So what is the significance of this common conceptual content? I propose a mutual enrichment of these two sorts of Holism. In particular, the common conceptual content of quantum Holism and Holism in the philosophy of mind shows that Holism in the philosophy of mind fits into a view of the world that bases itself on scientific realism [10.1]. Quantum Holism can be used to cut off one aspect of the alleged link between Holism, indeterminacy and eliminativism in the philosophy of mind [10.2]. Furthermore, quantum Holism and Holism in the philosophy of mind both support the same supervenience claim, namely global supervenience in contrast to local supervenience [10.3]. Finally, both quantum Holism and Holism in the philosophy of mind point at the same new sort of realism which overcomes the opposition between metaphysical realism and relativism or instrumentalism. In conclusion, we can therefore say that both these sorts of Holism make a significant common contribution to a contemporary philosophical view of the world and ourselves [10.4].
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The Extension of Quantum Holism and the Philosophy of Mind
Holism in Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Physics, 2001Co-Authors: Michael EsfeldAbstract:Is quantum Holism limited to more or less the microphysical realm? Or does it touch upon all physical systems? The issue of the scope of quantum Holism is linked with the measurement problem [9.1]. When it comes to this issue, we should take the philosophy of mind into account — and in particular the discussion on Holism and a revision of Cartesianism in today’s philosophy of mind. All those interpretations that regard quantum Holism as universal in the physical realm are committed to epistemic self-sufficiency of intentional states and a representational realism. Consequently, they are incompatible with the revision of Cartesianism that goes with the proposed social Holism and Holism about beliefs [9.2]. By contrast, if one countenances a transition to a level of macroscopic systems which are not touched by entanglement, one can still regard quantum physics as a universal physical theory. But one can accommodate a macroscopic realm with definite properties. This is a prerequisite for direct realism and externalism (including social Holism) in the philosophy of mind. The moral of this chapter therefore is a plea for caution: The arguments for Holism and a revision of Cartesianism in the philosophy of mind sharpen up the task for the interpretation of quantum theory, and they constitute a weighty reason against the option for universal quantum Holism. There is hence not one comprehensive, substantial Holism that includes both the philosophy of physics and the philosophy of mind and that leads to a revision of the Cartesian tradition in modern thought [9.3].
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Holism as Revision of the Cartesian Tradition
Holism in Philosophy of Mind and Philosophy of Physics, 2001Co-Authors: Michael EsfeldAbstract:In this chapter, I start considering the broader implications of Holism about beliefs and social Holism for the philosophy of mind. The outlined Holism about beliefs and social Holism amount to a revision of the Cartesian tradition in epistemology. Two features of this tradition are relevant in this context: (a) a representational semantics including a representational realism and (b) the thesis of internalism or epistemic self-sufficiency of belief states [4.1]. As regards (a), it is shown how the proposed Holism paves the way for a direct realism in contrast to a representational realism [4.2]. As regards (b), it is examined to what extent the proposed Holism implies externalism as an alternative to epistemic self-sufficiency of belief states. According to this Holism, the content of belief states depends on the social and the physical environment. In particular, social Holism is a social externalism. It can moreover accommodate externalism with respect to singular thoughts and a type of direct reference. However, as far as an externalism such as the one of Putnam in “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’” is concerned, I argue that there is a tension between social Holism and this externalism. For, according to social Holism, beliefs are individuated by social practices instead of features of the physical environment. Features of the physical environment of which the speakers may be ignorant can contribute to the individuation of their beliefs only on the basis of a stipulation of the community to that effect. Consequently, the relation between beliefs and the world has to be established from within these practices [4.3].
Colleen Davison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The history and promise of Holism in health promotion
Health promotion international, 2018Co-Authors: Valerie Michaelson, William Pickett, Colleen DavisonAbstract:Holism is an ancient theme concept that has resurfaced in recent literature, and that requires informed and intentional use in order to preserve its utility. This paper provides a historical and conceptual reintroduction of the notion of Holism as it relates to health, with the hopes of informing the term's use in public health discourse. It also addresses the challenges that a lack of conceptual clarity about holistic health imposes on public health and health promotion discussions. It describes how the use and conceptualizations of Holism are shifting in health promotion and argues that failing to accurately define and delineate its scope risks diluting its utility for future health promotion applications. We address these two problems, and build an argument for a rediscovery of the theory of Holism in public health and health promotion, globally.
Matjaz Mulej - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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systems theory a worldview and or a methodology aimed at requisite Holism realism of humans thinking decisions and action
Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 2007Co-Authors: Matjaz MulejAbstract:Many observers find that humankind is in crisis due to lack of Holism and due to too much reductionism—in human thinking, insight, decision-making and action—caused by increasingly narrow specialization per professions and disciplines. Systems theory surfaced good five decades ago to fight this problem. But it keeps losing its battle, including in its own arena. Specialization is unavoidable, but it is frequently not enough. Good three decades of experience of this contribution's author have demonstrated that his concept of the ‘dialectical system’ and ‘law of requisite Holism/realism’ can offer a response. It shows a way towards Holism/realism as an overarching worldview, which is capable of providing room for many systems theories and specialized/traditional theories to work together, because they are interdependent, that is, needing each other. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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requisite Holism isolating mechanisms and entrepreneurship
Kybernetes, 2000Co-Authors: Miroslav Rebernik, Matjaz MulejAbstract:Holism is a familiar concept, but it lacks a coherent definition in either theory or practice. This impedes common understanding and realistic observation and action. At the heart of the problem is the inevitability of human specialisation, which tends to be accompanied by a lack of cooperation, especially of an interdisciplinary nature. False Holism may result in unpleasant surprises due to oversights. People who are able to avoid them tend to employ, even though tacitly, the law of requisite Holism. This article seeks to explain this phenomenon by associating it with the practice of entrepreneurial management.
Valerie Michaelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The history and promise of Holism in health promotion
Health promotion international, 2018Co-Authors: Valerie Michaelson, William Pickett, Colleen DavisonAbstract:Holism is an ancient theme concept that has resurfaced in recent literature, and that requires informed and intentional use in order to preserve its utility. This paper provides a historical and conceptual reintroduction of the notion of Holism as it relates to health, with the hopes of informing the term's use in public health discourse. It also addresses the challenges that a lack of conceptual clarity about holistic health imposes on public health and health promotion discussions. It describes how the use and conceptualizations of Holism are shifting in health promotion and argues that failing to accurately define and delineate its scope risks diluting its utility for future health promotion applications. We address these two problems, and build an argument for a rediscovery of the theory of Holism in public health and health promotion, globally.
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Introduction to Holism
Holistic Health in Children: Conceptualization Assessment and Potential, 2017Co-Authors: Valerie Michaelson, Nathan King, William PickettAbstract:In this first chapter of this small book, we introduce the theory of Holism in simple terms. We revisit its historic roots, including insights from Indigenous approaches to health and wellness, and then we discuss the more recent re-emergence of Holism in ideas and debates in the field of health promotion, including those that involve children. This theoretical framework lays the foundation for the main purpose of this book, which is very simple and practical: to apply basic principles of Holism to many aspects of the health of children.
James A Marcum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multimorbidity p4 medicine and Holism
Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2017Co-Authors: James A MarcumAbstract:Rationale, aims and objectives Multimorbidity is a serious challenge to providing patients with quality health care. Sturmberg et al. propose a P4 or whole-person medical model based on a holistic approach to deliver such care. The aim of this commentary is to examine critically their P4 model and holistic approach. Methods The P4 model and holistic approach of Sturmberg et al. are analysed conceptually in terms of an effective strategy or sequence for framing P4 medicine and with respect to different philosophical notions of Holism for grounding it. Results Instead of a P4 medicine strategy or sequence that emphasizes the predictive and preventive aspects of health care from a biomedical perspective, as Sturmberg et al. do, a more effective strategy or sequence for framing P4 medicine to deliver quality health care is to accentuate the personalized and participatory aspects from a humanistic perspective. The basis of this proposed strategy for P4 medicine is not a technoscientific Holism that emphasizes mechanisms to define the whole utilizing bottom-up causation, as Sturmberg et al. ground their biomedical P4 model, but rather a phenomenological Holism that also incorporates the person's illness experience and top-down causation. Conclusions The proposal of Sturmberg et al. to treat patient multimorbidity through P4 medicine and a holistic approach is certainly a move in the right direction. However, to achieve their goal requires an alternative strategy for P4 medicine and a more robust notion of Holism.
