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Jacques-louis De Beaulieu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an attempt at correlation between the velay pollen sequence and the middle pleistocene stratigraphy from central europe
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Maurice Reille, Valerie Andrieuponel, Eberhard Gruger, Chronis Tzedakis, Helena SvobodovaAbstract:Abstract Long continuous lacustrine sequences constitute on the continent a precious tool for coupling the long term continental environmental changes with deep sea and ice core records, using the ‘count from the top’ method. Moreover, they can contribute to long distance correlation on the continent itself and thus help to classify discontinuous sedimentary records. Palynostratigraphical correlation is proposed here between the Velay long sequence and the late Middle Pleistocene series from Central Europe with special attention to temperate episodes. The similarities between the Praclaux and the Holsteinian Interglacial suggest that they are both contemporaneous with marine isotopic stage (MIS) 11, even if absolute dates are still divergent. The evidence of two major warm periods with an interglacial type of vegetation between the Holsteinian and the Eemian is confirmed by the Velay record.
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An attempt at correlation between the Velay pollen sequence and the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy from central Europe
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Maurice Reille, Eberhard Gruger, Chronis Tzedakis, Valérie Andrieu-ponel, Helena SvobodovaAbstract:Long continuous lacustrine sequences constitute on the continent a precious toot for coupling the long term continental environmental changes with deep sea and ice core records, using the 'count from the top' method. Moreover, they can contribute to long distance correlation on the continent itself and thus help to classify discontinuous sedimentary records. Palynostratigraphical correlation is proposed here between the Velay long sequence and the late Middle Pleistocene series from Central Europe with special attention to temperate episodes. The similarities between the Praclaux and the Holsteinian Interglacial suggest that they are both contemporaneous with marine isotopic stage (MIS) 11. even if absolute dates are still divergent. The evidence of two major warm periods with an interglacial type of vegetation between the Holsteinian and the Eemian is confirmed by the Velay record. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
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A LONG POLLEN RECORD FROM LAC DU BOUCHET, MASSIF CENTRAL, FRANCE: FOR THE PERIOD ca. 325 TO 100 ka BP (OIS 9c to OIS 5e)
Quaternary Science Reviews, 1998Co-Authors: Maurice Reille, Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, V. Andrieu, Pascal Guenet, Claude GoeuryAbstract:Abstract Pollen analysis was carried out on sediments older than the Wurm pleniglacial (OIS 4), in two new sequences (H and I) derived from the centre of Lac du Bouchet, Massif Central. The inferred vegetation history enables, for the first time in France, five temperate episodes to be defined which pre-date the last interglacial. These temperate episodes alternate with episodes during which the changes in vegetation are indicative of glacial climates. Comparison of these climatic episodes with the oceanic isotope record shows that the pollen record of sequences H and I from Lac du Bouchet spans the time interval from OIS 9c (Ussel interstadial) to OIS 5e (Ribains/Eemian interglacial). In the organic sediments from the Amargiers interstadial (OIS 9a), a trachytic layer, Ar/Ar dated to ca 275 ka, enables a correlation to be established with the upper part of a sequence derived from the nearby Praclaux crater, the lower part of this sequence being of Holsteinian age (OIS 11c). The cross-dating of the pollen sequences from Lac du Bouchet (cores H, I and D) and from Praclaux provides a complete record from the Massif Central, southern France, of successive glacial and interglacial episodes that span the last ca. 400 ka, that is the interval from the Holsteinian to the Holocene.
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Long Pleistocene Pollen Records from the Praclaux Crater, South-Central France
Quaternary Research, 1995Co-Authors: Maurice Reille, Jacques-louis De BeaulieuAbstract:Abstract A 46-m core of lake sediments, obtained from the center of the explosion crater of Praclaux (Haute-Loire, Velay, France), was studied on the basis of 368 pollen spectra. Five temperate forest episodes alternating with phases indicative of glacial climates are recorded. Two of these episodes show vegetation successions representative of full interglaciations; the oldest is contemporaneous with the Holsteinian interglaciation. A thick trachytic tephra permits correlation to be established with the pollen sequence from Lac du Bouchet. This comparison indicates the presence of two complete interglaciations between the Holsteinian and the Eemian that are the equivalents of marine isotope stages 7 and 9. The Holsteinian therefore corresponds to isotope stage 11.
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Reconstruction of Middle Pleistocene palaeoenvironments based on pollen and stable isotope investigations at Val-de-Lans, Isère, France
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 1994Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Uli Eicher, Guy MonjuventAbstract:In the Vercors uplands, south-west of Grenoble, the Val-de-Lans syncline is filled with thick lacustrine and glacio-lacustrine Pleistocene deposits. Artifacts discovered on its surface indicate an age older than the last glaciation. Pollen analytical investigations of five sediment sequences, including lake marls, has enabled the reconstruction of the interglacial vegetation cycle (La Côte Interglacial) which, taking into account the rôle played by Abies and a Pterocarya expansion towards the end of the interglacial, may be correlated with the Holsteinian Interglacial. At the site Lolette, this interglacial is followed by two short stadials which alternate with interstadials characterised by Picea forests. Oxygen isotope studies, including δ^18O investigations, provide additional evidence for climate changes during the interglacial.
Maurice Reille - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an attempt at correlation between the velay pollen sequence and the middle pleistocene stratigraphy from central europe
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Maurice Reille, Valerie Andrieuponel, Eberhard Gruger, Chronis Tzedakis, Helena SvobodovaAbstract:Abstract Long continuous lacustrine sequences constitute on the continent a precious tool for coupling the long term continental environmental changes with deep sea and ice core records, using the ‘count from the top’ method. Moreover, they can contribute to long distance correlation on the continent itself and thus help to classify discontinuous sedimentary records. Palynostratigraphical correlation is proposed here between the Velay long sequence and the late Middle Pleistocene series from Central Europe with special attention to temperate episodes. The similarities between the Praclaux and the Holsteinian Interglacial suggest that they are both contemporaneous with marine isotopic stage (MIS) 11, even if absolute dates are still divergent. The evidence of two major warm periods with an interglacial type of vegetation between the Holsteinian and the Eemian is confirmed by the Velay record.
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An attempt at correlation between the Velay pollen sequence and the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy from central Europe
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Maurice Reille, Eberhard Gruger, Chronis Tzedakis, Valérie Andrieu-ponel, Helena SvobodovaAbstract:Long continuous lacustrine sequences constitute on the continent a precious toot for coupling the long term continental environmental changes with deep sea and ice core records, using the 'count from the top' method. Moreover, they can contribute to long distance correlation on the continent itself and thus help to classify discontinuous sedimentary records. Palynostratigraphical correlation is proposed here between the Velay long sequence and the late Middle Pleistocene series from Central Europe with special attention to temperate episodes. The similarities between the Praclaux and the Holsteinian Interglacial suggest that they are both contemporaneous with marine isotopic stage (MIS) 11. even if absolute dates are still divergent. The evidence of two major warm periods with an interglacial type of vegetation between the Holsteinian and the Eemian is confirmed by the Velay record. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
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A LONG POLLEN RECORD FROM LAC DU BOUCHET, MASSIF CENTRAL, FRANCE: FOR THE PERIOD ca. 325 TO 100 ka BP (OIS 9c to OIS 5e)
Quaternary Science Reviews, 1998Co-Authors: Maurice Reille, Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, V. Andrieu, Pascal Guenet, Claude GoeuryAbstract:Abstract Pollen analysis was carried out on sediments older than the Wurm pleniglacial (OIS 4), in two new sequences (H and I) derived from the centre of Lac du Bouchet, Massif Central. The inferred vegetation history enables, for the first time in France, five temperate episodes to be defined which pre-date the last interglacial. These temperate episodes alternate with episodes during which the changes in vegetation are indicative of glacial climates. Comparison of these climatic episodes with the oceanic isotope record shows that the pollen record of sequences H and I from Lac du Bouchet spans the time interval from OIS 9c (Ussel interstadial) to OIS 5e (Ribains/Eemian interglacial). In the organic sediments from the Amargiers interstadial (OIS 9a), a trachytic layer, Ar/Ar dated to ca 275 ka, enables a correlation to be established with the upper part of a sequence derived from the nearby Praclaux crater, the lower part of this sequence being of Holsteinian age (OIS 11c). The cross-dating of the pollen sequences from Lac du Bouchet (cores H, I and D) and from Praclaux provides a complete record from the Massif Central, southern France, of successive glacial and interglacial episodes that span the last ca. 400 ka, that is the interval from the Holsteinian to the Holocene.
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Long Pleistocene Pollen Records from the Praclaux Crater, South-Central France
Quaternary Research, 1995Co-Authors: Maurice Reille, Jacques-louis De BeaulieuAbstract:Abstract A 46-m core of lake sediments, obtained from the center of the explosion crater of Praclaux (Haute-Loire, Velay, France), was studied on the basis of 368 pollen spectra. Five temperate forest episodes alternating with phases indicative of glacial climates are recorded. Two of these episodes show vegetation successions representative of full interglaciations; the oldest is contemporaneous with the Holsteinian interglaciation. A thick trachytic tephra permits correlation to be established with the pollen sequence from Lac du Bouchet. This comparison indicates the presence of two complete interglaciations between the Holsteinian and the Eemian that are the equivalents of marine isotope stages 7 and 9. The Holsteinian therefore corresponds to isotope stage 11.
Leszek Marks - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Middle Pleistocene deposits at Rechitsa, western Belarus, and their input to MIS 12-6 stratigraphy in central Europe
Quaternary International, 2020Co-Authors: Leszek Marks, Barbara Woronko, Aleksandra Majecka, Tatyana Rylova, Anna Orłowska, Mikalai Hrachanik, Joanna Rychel, Łukasz Zbucki, Maksim Bahdasarau, Aksana HradunovaAbstract:Abstract A correlation of stratigraphic subdivisions of the late Middle Pleistocene (MIS 12-6) in central Europe is extremely difficult, because of abundant hiatuses. Therefore, the site Rechitsa in western Belarus is extremely important for a regional stratigraphy, because of its well documented sediments of the Alexandrian Interglacial (Holsteinian; MIS 11) and a crucial palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironmental record of the Middle Pleistocene. The sequence starts with proglacial delta deposits formed at the termination of the Berezinian Glaciation (Elsterian; MIS 12), overlain by organic deposits of the Alexandrian Interglacial (Holsteinian; MIS 11) and the early glacial cooling of the Pripyatian Glaciation (Saalian). The hiatuses in MIS 10, 9 and 7 are interrupted by occasional occurrence of a periglacial lake, accompanied with open vegetation communities in MIS 8, characteristic by alternate temperate and cold episodes with significant climate-induced environmental transformations with extremely cold and dry conditions recorded by huge frost wedges with primary infilling. Extremely severe climatic conditions of MIS 6 favoured development of huge frost wedges with primary infilling, overlain by sediments of a periglacial lake. The Rechitsa section was overbuilt by glaciofluvial and aeolian deposits during the Pripyatian Glaciation (Saalian). The recorded huge hiatuses in MIS 10, 9 and 7 are common in central Europe represent presumably arid conditions and lack of deposition. The sedimentary sequence at the site Rechitsa is an important link of central and eastern European stratigraphic subdivisions of the Middle Pleistocene.
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The Holsteinian Interglacial river network of mid-eastern Poland and western Belarus
Boreas, 2008Co-Authors: Leszek Marks, Irina E. PavlovskayaAbstract:The Holsteinian drainage system in mid-eastern Poland and western Belarus has been reconstructed using palaeogeographical analysis based on abundant boreholes. The stratigraphic setting and palaeogeography are determined by correlation with Holsteinian marine sediments in the Kaliningrad District of Russia and the Late Elsterian glaciolacustrine series in the southern peribaltic region. At the beginning of the Holsteinian there were numerous residual overflow lakes at the Polish-Belarusian border area that gradually became interconnected with the Holsteinian Neman River and its tributaries. The base level of erosion is located in river beds of Holsteinian valleys slightly beneath beds of the recent rivers and indicates that Holsteinian sea level was apparently lower than the present Baltic Sea level. The Holsteinian Neman flowed southwestwards across the Biebrza River Basin to the Warsaw Basin. The main watershed between the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea was further to the west than its present location. The secondary watershed in northern Poland has only been slightly modified since that time.
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Late Quaternary glacial episodes in the Hornsund Region of Spitsbergen
Boreas, 2008Co-Authors: Leszek Lindner, Leszek Marks, Kazimierz PekalaAbstract:On the basis of field and laboratory studies supported by thermoluminescence dates, an occurrence of marine and glacial sediments is described from South Spitsbergen. These deposits are thought to date from the Holsteinian interglacial and the Saalian glacial stages respectively. In addition, the evidence and extent of Vistulian and Holoccne glacial advances in South Spitsbergen are presented. These advances occurred at 50,000–43,000, 30,000–10,000, 3,000–2,500 and 600–100 years B.P. The latter have been tentatively correlated with those recorded in other parts of Svalbard, as well as in East Greenland, the Barents Sea, Scandinavia, the Baltic Sea, North Poland and the Russian Plain.
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Pleistocene river systems in the southern peribaltic area as indication of interglacial sea level changes in the Baltic Basin
Quaternary International, 2005Co-Authors: Leszek MarksAbstract:The modern drainage system of central Poland developed during the Holsteinian, but it originated from the Elsterian glacial tunnel valleys and deglacial residual overflow lakes. In spite of occupation of this area by the Wartanian ice sheet and the following formation of the landscape during deglaciation, a similar river network was renewed during the Eemian. During the Weichselian the Middle Vistula valley was subjected to widespread ice-dam deposition. This resulted in rise of the base level of erosion and in westward deflection of the runoff, connected with development of the Central European spillways. The presented reconstruction of the Middle and Late Pleistocene fluvial network shows that the Holstein and Eemian sea levels were the driving force for river system development in central Poland. The Holstein and Eemian sea levels were very close to the present water level of the Baltic Sea. They made interglacial fluvial patterns roughly similar to the contemporary one, and therefore the main watersheds have been only slightly modified since that time. However, due to the considerable southward extension of the sea during the Eemian and presumably also during the Holsteinian, buried interglacial river deposits in central Poland occur at present well beneath the Holocene alluvia.
Helena Svobodova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an attempt at correlation between the velay pollen sequence and the middle pleistocene stratigraphy from central europe
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Maurice Reille, Valerie Andrieuponel, Eberhard Gruger, Chronis Tzedakis, Helena SvobodovaAbstract:Abstract Long continuous lacustrine sequences constitute on the continent a precious tool for coupling the long term continental environmental changes with deep sea and ice core records, using the ‘count from the top’ method. Moreover, they can contribute to long distance correlation on the continent itself and thus help to classify discontinuous sedimentary records. Palynostratigraphical correlation is proposed here between the Velay long sequence and the late Middle Pleistocene series from Central Europe with special attention to temperate episodes. The similarities between the Praclaux and the Holsteinian Interglacial suggest that they are both contemporaneous with marine isotopic stage (MIS) 11, even if absolute dates are still divergent. The evidence of two major warm periods with an interglacial type of vegetation between the Holsteinian and the Eemian is confirmed by the Velay record.
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An attempt at correlation between the Velay pollen sequence and the Middle Pleistocene stratigraphy from central Europe
Quaternary Science Reviews, 2001Co-Authors: Jacques-louis De Beaulieu, Maurice Reille, Eberhard Gruger, Chronis Tzedakis, Valérie Andrieu-ponel, Helena SvobodovaAbstract:Long continuous lacustrine sequences constitute on the continent a precious toot for coupling the long term continental environmental changes with deep sea and ice core records, using the 'count from the top' method. Moreover, they can contribute to long distance correlation on the continent itself and thus help to classify discontinuous sedimentary records. Palynostratigraphical correlation is proposed here between the Velay long sequence and the late Middle Pleistocene series from Central Europe with special attention to temperate episodes. The similarities between the Praclaux and the Holsteinian Interglacial suggest that they are both contemporaneous with marine isotopic stage (MIS) 11. even if absolute dates are still divergent. The evidence of two major warm periods with an interglacial type of vegetation between the Holsteinian and the Eemian is confirmed by the Velay record. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
Dariusz Krzyszkowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evolution of the Bystrzyca River valley during Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Sudetic Foreland, south-western Poland)
Open Geosciences, 2020Co-Authors: Dariusz Krzyszkowski, Lucyna Wachecka-kotkowska, Marcin KrawczykAbstract:Abstract The article depicts the problem of river system development during the Middle Pleistocene Interglacial in the Bystrzyca River Valley (Sudetic Foreland, south-western Poland). Ten research sites located within the Świdnica Plain are presented, in which the structural, grain size (granulometry), petrographic, quartz grain morphoscopy, and heavy mineral analyses were carried out. The study results show the formation of piedmont fan deposits 2–8 km to the NE of the Sudetic Marginal Fault. The location of the fluvial deposits between the Sanian and Odranian tills indicates that they were deposited during the Holsteinian Interglacial (Krzczonów Formation, Mazovian; see Table 1). According toxthe lithofacies analysis, vast alluvial plains, composed of angular gravel grains in the south and of sands in the north, were deposited in the Sudetic Foreland in the environment of a very dynamic river. They are covered with a discontinuous layer of Odranian till. The petrographic spectrum shows 90–99% of local rocks, namely, Sudetic porphyry, Sowie Mts Gneiss and milky quartz, and 1–10% of Scandinavian rocks. In the proto-Bystrzyca river system, the existence of an oxbow lake in the distal part of the Krzczonów fan has been proved, which was developing at the end of the Holsteinian Interglacial. The continuity of the alluvial deposits is interrupted in the vicinity of Świdnica due to both the tectonic movements and the formation of the narrow tectonic graben of Roztoka–Mokrzeszów.
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The rare Holsteinian (Mazovian) interglacial limnic deposits in the Książnica outcrop at Krzczonów (near Świdnica), Sudetic Foreland
Quaternary International, 2019Co-Authors: Dariusz Krzyszkowski, Lucyna Wachecka-kotkowska, Małgorzata Malkiewicz, Zdzisław Jary, Klara Tomaszewska, Monika Niska, Elżbieta Myśkow, Jerzy Raczyk, Wojciech Drzewicki, Dawid HamryszczakAbstract:Abstract The article presents the results of research on peats, muds and sands filling a palaeocavity within alluvial fans of the Bystrzyca River valley, in the Sudetic Foreland of SW Poland. In the 534-cm deep research profile in the central part of a palaeolake, 267 samples were collected at an interval of 2 cm and lithologically (structural and textural studies), palaeobotanically (studies of diatoms, pollen plant macrofossils and fossil wood), palaeozoologically (Cladocera, Mollusca and Ostracoda), geochemically (chemical elements and isotopes) and palaeomagnetically analyzed. The profile consists of three parts: organic with mineral layers (lower), mineral (middle), and organic (upper). The palynological diagram was divided into three zones that represent local sets of pollen zones. This diagram, although incomplete, is clearly indicative of the younger part of the Holsteinian (Mazovian: pollen III and IV periods interglacial). The upper part of the diagram consists of four local pollen zones that are correlated with stadial and interstadial periods. Analysis of several samples of fossil wood shows the widespread presence of Pinus remains and numerous fragments of rhytidome (bark) of Betula. Development of the peat layer (1.36–0.68 m depth) started with paludification of the forest with the Betula forest. Analysis of Cladocera shows the presence of chitin armor components (species: Chydorus sphaericus, Alona rectangula and ephippia of Alona rectangula) in three samples. Lithological, Cladocera and palaeo-magnetic research, supported by geochemical studies, indicate the existence of at least three main phases. The lake originated during the younger part of the Holsteinian (Mazovian) Intergalcial as an oxbow within the valley, where the deposition of variously thick (up to 1.5 m depth) peats, organic and minerogenic silts (the first stage). In the second phase, a closed, fairly deep late Holsteinian lake continued to exist under relatively warm conditions with mainly mineral deposition from the slope. The lake became shallower and wider, and then more open and better oxygenated (with through-flow). In the final phase the lake was completely filled by organic sediments under interglacial conditions. The absence of diatom, molluscan and ostracod communities indicates an acid lacustrine environment at this time. The fluvial and limnic deposits are sealed by overlaying Saalian (Odranian) till.
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the rare Holsteinian mazovian interglacial limnic deposits in the ksiąznica outcrop at krzczonow near świdnica sudetic foreland
Quaternary International, 2017Co-Authors: Dariusz Krzyszkowski, Małgorzata Malkiewicz, Zdzisław Jary, Klara Tomaszewska, Monika Niska, Elżbieta Myśkow, Jerzy Raczyk, Wojciech Drzewicki, Lucyna Wacheckakotkowska, Dawid HamryszczakAbstract:Abstract The article presents the results of research on peats, muds and sands filling a palaeocavity within alluvial fans of the Bystrzyca River valley, in the Sudetic Foreland of SW Poland. In the 534-cm deep research profile in the central part of a palaeolake, 267 samples were collected at an interval of 2 cm and lithologically (structural and textural studies), palaeobotanically (studies of diatoms, pollen plant macrofossils and fossil wood), palaeozoologically (Cladocera, Mollusca and Ostracoda), geochemically (chemical elements and isotopes) and palaeomagnetically analyzed. The profile consists of three parts: organic with mineral layers (lower), mineral (middle), and organic (upper). The palynological diagram was divided into three zones that represent local sets of pollen zones. This diagram, although incomplete, is clearly indicative of the younger part of the Holsteinian (Mazovian: pollen III and IV periods interglacial). The upper part of the diagram consists of four local pollen zones that are correlated with stadial and interstadial periods. Analysis of several samples of fossil wood shows the widespread presence of Pinus remains and numerous fragments of rhytidome (bark) of Betula. Development of the peat layer (1.36–0.68 m depth) started with paludification of the forest with the Betula forest. Analysis of Cladocera shows the presence of chitin armor components (species: Chydorus sphaericus, Alona rectangula and ephippia of Alona rectangula) in three samples. Lithological, Cladocera and palaeo-magnetic research, supported by geochemical studies, indicate the existence of at least three main phases. The lake originated during the younger part of the Holsteinian (Mazovian) Intergalcial as an oxbow within the valley, where the deposition of variously thick (up to 1.5 m depth) peats, organic and minerogenic silts (the first stage). In the second phase, a closed, fairly deep late Holsteinian lake continued to exist under relatively warm conditions with mainly mineral deposition from the slope. The lake became shallower and wider, and then more open and better oxygenated (with through-flow). In the final phase the lake was completely filled by organic sediments under interglacial conditions. The absence of diatom, molluscan and ostracod communities indicates an acid lacustrine environment at this time. The fluvial and limnic deposits are sealed by overlaying Saalian (Odranian) till.
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Middle Pleistocene sedimentation and palaeogeography of the Dzierżoniów basin, Sudetic Foreland, Southwestern Poland
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 1996Co-Authors: Dariusz Krzyszkowski, Marek IbekAbstract:Środkopleistocenska sedymentacja i ewolucja paleogeograficzna Kotliny Dzierzoniowskiej na Przedgorzu Sudeckim, poludniowo-zachodnia Polska The Dzierzoniow Basin contains deposits of three glacial stages: older Elsterian, younger Elsterian and older Saalian (Odranian). The first and the last are represented by tills and thin, discontinuous proglacial (transgressive) deposits. Younger Elsterian represents both transgressive glaciofluvial/glaciolacustrine deposits and a till, as well as deglaciation suite. The latter is represented by extensive glaciolacustrine suite, formed in the ice-contact lake, and series of glaciofluvial deposits. Glacial palaeotransport was from northwest during both Elsterian stadials. During Odranian, two ice lobes occurred, one flowing from north and the second one from northeast. Holsteinian fluvial series occur directly on younger Elsterian deglaciation suites. They represent gravelly or sandy-gravelly sequences deposited by braided rivers. Holsteinian age is inferred from geological position. No pollen data are available. Elsterian and Holsteinian deposits have been tectonically shifted and slighty deformed. The amplitude of tectonic movements is ca 30 - 40 m. Age of the tectonic movements is, most probably, post-Odranian. Younger Saalian (Wartanian) and Upper Pleistocene sequences are represented mainly by fluvial deposits (valleys) and loess or slope deposits (uplands). Deep valleys were formed during the Odranian/Wartanian interstadial, possibly because of increased uplift and regional tectonic movements.