The Experts below are selected from a list of 93987 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Dennis P Culhane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the finnish Homelessness strategy an international review
Ympäristöministeriön Raportteja; 3en | 2015 (2015), 2015Co-Authors: Nicholas Pleace, Dennis P Culhane, Riitta Granfelt, Marcus KnutagardAbstract:The review covered the whole of the programme to reduce long-term Homelessness implemented during 2008–2011 and 2012–2015, Paavo I and Paavo II. The review focused on the programme as a whole as well as its different aspects from the point of view of implementing the Housing First model in Finnish society. The review report described work on Homelessness done in the United Kingdom, Sweden and the USA, focusing particularly on operating practices that could be used in work on Homelessness in Finland. The review is based on the background materials collected for the evaluation team as well as two field visits in Helsinki (28–30 April and 15–18 September 2014). In addition to this, the researchers have each utilised materials related to Homelessness in their own country as well as international research on Homelessness. As an overall assessment, it can be stated that the main goal of the programme, the permanent reduction of longterm Homelessness on a national level, has been reached with the help of a carefully planned, comprehensive cooperation strategy. Programme work in accordance with the Housing First principle is proof of the fact that with sufficient and correctly allocated support, permanent housing can be guaranteed even for the long-term homeless in the most difficult position. The significant financial investment allocated to the programme by municipalities, organisations and the state as well as the extensive, long-term national and local cooperation have made it possible to integrate the development of housing and services both on a general level and also by taking the needs of different target groups into account. However, despite the success of the programme’s activities, it should not be forgotten that any increase or decrease in Homelessness is tied not only to Homelessness policy, but also to other changes and developments in social policy. In addition to this, Homelessness is a constantly changing phenomenon; one topical challenge that could be mentioned is the significant increase in homeless people with an immigrant background. Work on Homelessness is a field of social policy that requires constant development, concerning both the supply of housing as well as the support focused on preventing Homelessness.
-
development and validation of an instrument to assess imminent risk of Homelessness among veterans
Public Health Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D Fargo, Vincent Kane, Dennis P CulhaneAbstract:Objectives. Veterans are overrepresented within the homeless population compared with their non-veteran counterparts, particularly when controlling for poverty. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) aims to prevent new episodes of Homelessness by targeting households at greatest risk; however, there are no instruments that systematically assess veterans’ risk of Homelessness. We developed and tested a brief screening instrument to identify imminent risk of Homelessness among veterans accessing VA health care. Methods. The study team developed initial assessment items, conducted cognitive interviews with veterans experiencing Homelessness, refined pilot items based on veterans’ and experts’ feedback and results of psychometric analyses, and assigned weights to items in the final instrument to indicate a measure of Homelessness risk. Results. One-third of veterans who responded to the field instrument reported imminent risk of Homelessness (i.e., housing instability in the previous 90 days or expected in the next 90 days). The reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.85, indicating good internal consistency. Veterans who had a recent change in income, had unpaid housing expenses, were living temporarily with family and friends, needed help to get or keep housing, and had poor rental and credit histories were more likely to report a risk of Homelessness than those who did not. Conclusion. This study provides the field with an instrument to identify individ uals and households at risk of or experiencing Homelessness, which is necessary to prevent and end Homelessness. In addition, it supports VA’s investment in Homelessness prevention and rapid rehousing services for veterans who are experiencing or are at risk for Homelessness.
-
prevalence and risk of Homelessness among us veterans
Preventing Chronic Disease, 2012Co-Authors: Jamison D Fargo, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Vincent Kane, Stephen Metraux, Thomas Byrne, Ellen Munley, Harlan Jones, George Sheldon, Dennis P CulhaneAbstract:Introduction Understanding the prevalence of and risk for Homelessness among veterans is prerequisite to preventing and ending Homelessness among this population. Homeless veterans are at higher risk for chronic disease; understanding the dynamics of Homelessness among veterans can contribute to our understanding of their health needs. Methods We obtained data on demographic characteristics and veteran status for 130,554 homeless people from 7 jurisdictions that provide Homelessness services, and for the population living in poverty and the general population from the American Community Survey for those same jurisdictions. We calculated prevalence of veterans in the homeless, poverty, and general populations, and risk ratios (RR) for veteran status in these populations. Risk for Homelessness, as a function of demographic characteristics and veteran status, was estimated by using multivariate regression models. Results Veterans were overrepresented in the homeless population, compared with both the general and poverty populations, among both men (RR, 1.3 and 2.1, respectively) and women (RR, 2.1 and 3.0, respectively). Veteran status and black race significantly increased the risk for Homelessness for both men and women. Men in the 45- to 54-year-old age group and women in the 18- to 29-year-old age group were at higher risk compared with other ages. Conclusion Our findings confirm previous research associating veteran status with higher risk for Homelessness and imply that there will be specific health needs among the aging homeless population. This study is a basis for understanding variation in rates of, and risks for, Homelessness in general population groups, and inclusion of health data from US Department of Veterans Affairs records can extend these results to identifying links between Homelessness and health risks.
Nancy E Reichman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
maternal depression as a risk factor for family Homelessness
American Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Objectives. We estimated the effects of maternal depression during the postpartum year, which is often an unexpected event, on subsequent Homelessness and risk of Homelessness in a national sample of urban, mostly low-income mothers.Methods. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations between maternal depression during the postpartum year and both Homelessness and risk of Homelessness 2 to 3 years later, controlling for maternal and family history of depression, prenatal housing problems, and other covariates. Risk factors for Homelessness included experiencing evictions or frequent moves and moving in with family or friends and not paying rent.Results. We found robust associations between maternal depression during the postpartum year and subsequent Homelessness and risk of Homelessness, even among mothers who had no history of mental illness, whose own mothers did not have a history of depressive symptoms, and who had no previous housing problems.Conclusions. This study provides robust e...
-
life shocks and Homelessness
Demography, 2013Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:We exploited an exogenous health shock—namely, the birth of a child with a severe health condition—to investigate the effect of a life shock on Homelessness in large cities in the United States as well as the interactive effects of the shock with housing market characteristics. We considered a traditional measure of Homelessness, two measures of housing instability thought to be precursors to Homelessness, and a combined measure that approximates the broadened conceptualization of Homelessness under the 2009 Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act (2010). We found that the shock substantially increases the likelihood of family Homelessness, particularly in cities with high housing costs. The findings are consistent with the economic theory of Homelessness, which posits that Homelessness results from a conjunction of adverse circumstances in which housing markets and individual characteristics collide.
-
life shocks and Homelessness
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:We exploit an exogenous health shock--the birth of a child with a severe health condition--to investigate the causal effect of a life shock on Homelessness. Using survey data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study that have been augmented with information from hospital medical records, we find that the health shock increases the likelihood of Homelessness three years later, particularly in cities with high housing costs. Homelessness is defined using both a traditional measure and a more contemporary measure that includes residential instability and doubling up without paying rent. The findings are consistent with the economic theory of Homelessness, which posits that Homelessness results from a conjunction of adverse circumstances in which housing markets and individual characteristics collide. They also add to a growing body of evidence that housing markets are an important contributor to Homelessness and suggest that Homelessness is a problem not easily addressed by existing public support programs.
Paul A. Toro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Peer Substance Use and Homelessness Predicting Substance Abuse from Adolescence Through Early Adulthood
American Journal of Community Psychology, 2013Co-Authors: Carolyn J. Tompsett, Sarah E. Domoff, Paul A. ToroAbstract:Adolescents who experience Homelessness are at higher risk for abusing substances, and for being exposed to substance-using peers. The current study used a longitudinal design to track substance abuse, affiliation with substance-using peers, and episodes of Homelessness among a sample of 223 adolescents who were housed at the baseline data collection and 148 adolescents who were housed at baseline. Participants were interviewed at six waves over 6.5 years, covering an age range from 13 to 25. Many participants experienced a recurrence of Homelessness during follow-up, with 64.6 % of the baseline homeless group and 22.6 % of the baseline housed group reporting an additional episode of Homelessness. Both alcohol abuse and other drug abuse symptoms showed an increase in adolescence followed by slowing in early adulthood. Recent Homelessness and friend alcohol use predicted alcohol abuse symptoms, and the strength of the influence of friend use decreased over time. Recent Homelessness and friend drug use predicted other drug abuse symptoms. Duration of the initial episode of adolescent Homelessness showed no influence on substance abuse over time, or the effects of other predictors, highlighting the importance of conceptualizing the experience of Homelessness as a recent stressor rather than an enduring personal characteristic.
-
Homelessness in the United States: Policy considerations
Journal of Community Psychology, 1999Co-Authors: Paul A. Toro, Melissa G. WarrenAbstract:Over the past 15 years, the general public, media, scholars, and policy makers have all become concerned about Homelessness as a widespread social problem. The amount of money the federal government spends on housing and the number of scholarly publications on Homelessness have grown dramatically during this period. The general public is not only well informed about Homelessness but has indicated a willingness to pay higher taxes to help homeless people obtain housing. Three discernible groups active in the debate—politicians, housing advocates, and social scientists—often use different study methods, adhere to different estimates on the prevalence of Homelessness, and hold divergent beliefs about the causes of Homelessness. While the debate about numbers and prospective solutions continues, the duration of the problem defies emergency relief measures. Short-term measures are likely to be counterproductive if they are funded at the expense of long-term solutions. Attention to the wide array of housing problems and cooperation among state and local governments and community groups is essential if efforts to end Homelessness are to succeed. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Marah A Curtis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
maternal depression as a risk factor for family Homelessness
American Journal of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:Objectives. We estimated the effects of maternal depression during the postpartum year, which is often an unexpected event, on subsequent Homelessness and risk of Homelessness in a national sample of urban, mostly low-income mothers.Methods. We used logistic regression models to estimate associations between maternal depression during the postpartum year and both Homelessness and risk of Homelessness 2 to 3 years later, controlling for maternal and family history of depression, prenatal housing problems, and other covariates. Risk factors for Homelessness included experiencing evictions or frequent moves and moving in with family or friends and not paying rent.Results. We found robust associations between maternal depression during the postpartum year and subsequent Homelessness and risk of Homelessness, even among mothers who had no history of mental illness, whose own mothers did not have a history of depressive symptoms, and who had no previous housing problems.Conclusions. This study provides robust e...
-
life shocks and Homelessness
Demography, 2013Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:We exploited an exogenous health shock—namely, the birth of a child with a severe health condition—to investigate the effect of a life shock on Homelessness in large cities in the United States as well as the interactive effects of the shock with housing market characteristics. We considered a traditional measure of Homelessness, two measures of housing instability thought to be precursors to Homelessness, and a combined measure that approximates the broadened conceptualization of Homelessness under the 2009 Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing Act (2010). We found that the shock substantially increases the likelihood of family Homelessness, particularly in cities with high housing costs. The findings are consistent with the economic theory of Homelessness, which posits that Homelessness results from a conjunction of adverse circumstances in which housing markets and individual characteristics collide.
-
life shocks and Homelessness
Social Science Research Network, 2011Co-Authors: Marah A Curtis, Hope Corman, Kelly Noonan, Nancy E ReichmanAbstract:We exploit an exogenous health shock--the birth of a child with a severe health condition--to investigate the causal effect of a life shock on Homelessness. Using survey data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study that have been augmented with information from hospital medical records, we find that the health shock increases the likelihood of Homelessness three years later, particularly in cities with high housing costs. Homelessness is defined using both a traditional measure and a more contemporary measure that includes residential instability and doubling up without paying rent. The findings are consistent with the economic theory of Homelessness, which posits that Homelessness results from a conjunction of adverse circumstances in which housing markets and individual characteristics collide. They also add to a growing body of evidence that housing markets are an important contributor to Homelessness and suggest that Homelessness is a problem not easily addressed by existing public support programs.
Jamison D Fargo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
development and validation of an instrument to assess imminent risk of Homelessness among veterans
Public Health Reports, 2014Co-Authors: Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Jamison D Fargo, Vincent Kane, Dennis P CulhaneAbstract:Objectives. Veterans are overrepresented within the homeless population compared with their non-veteran counterparts, particularly when controlling for poverty. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) aims to prevent new episodes of Homelessness by targeting households at greatest risk; however, there are no instruments that systematically assess veterans’ risk of Homelessness. We developed and tested a brief screening instrument to identify imminent risk of Homelessness among veterans accessing VA health care. Methods. The study team developed initial assessment items, conducted cognitive interviews with veterans experiencing Homelessness, refined pilot items based on veterans’ and experts’ feedback and results of psychometric analyses, and assigned weights to items in the final instrument to indicate a measure of Homelessness risk. Results. One-third of veterans who responded to the field instrument reported imminent risk of Homelessness (i.e., housing instability in the previous 90 days or expected in the next 90 days). The reliability coefficient for the instrument was 0.85, indicating good internal consistency. Veterans who had a recent change in income, had unpaid housing expenses, were living temporarily with family and friends, needed help to get or keep housing, and had poor rental and credit histories were more likely to report a risk of Homelessness than those who did not. Conclusion. This study provides the field with an instrument to identify individ uals and households at risk of or experiencing Homelessness, which is necessary to prevent and end Homelessness. In addition, it supports VA’s investment in Homelessness prevention and rapid rehousing services for veterans who are experiencing or are at risk for Homelessness.
-
prevalence and risk of Homelessness among us veterans
Preventing Chronic Disease, 2012Co-Authors: Jamison D Fargo, Ann Elizabeth Montgomery, Vincent Kane, Stephen Metraux, Thomas Byrne, Ellen Munley, Harlan Jones, George Sheldon, Dennis P CulhaneAbstract:Introduction Understanding the prevalence of and risk for Homelessness among veterans is prerequisite to preventing and ending Homelessness among this population. Homeless veterans are at higher risk for chronic disease; understanding the dynamics of Homelessness among veterans can contribute to our understanding of their health needs. Methods We obtained data on demographic characteristics and veteran status for 130,554 homeless people from 7 jurisdictions that provide Homelessness services, and for the population living in poverty and the general population from the American Community Survey for those same jurisdictions. We calculated prevalence of veterans in the homeless, poverty, and general populations, and risk ratios (RR) for veteran status in these populations. Risk for Homelessness, as a function of demographic characteristics and veteran status, was estimated by using multivariate regression models. Results Veterans were overrepresented in the homeless population, compared with both the general and poverty populations, among both men (RR, 1.3 and 2.1, respectively) and women (RR, 2.1 and 3.0, respectively). Veteran status and black race significantly increased the risk for Homelessness for both men and women. Men in the 45- to 54-year-old age group and women in the 18- to 29-year-old age group were at higher risk compared with other ages. Conclusion Our findings confirm previous research associating veteran status with higher risk for Homelessness and imply that there will be specific health needs among the aging homeless population. This study is a basis for understanding variation in rates of, and risks for, Homelessness in general population groups, and inclusion of health data from US Department of Veterans Affairs records can extend these results to identifying links between Homelessness and health risks.
