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John R Hipp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • a dynamic view of neighborhoods the reciprocal relationship between crime and neighborhood structural characteristics
    Social Problems, 2010
    Co-Authors: John R Hipp
    Abstract:

    Prior research frequently observes a positive cross-sectional relationship between various neighborhood structural characteristics and crime rates, and attributes the causal explanation entirely to these structural characteristics. We question this assumption theoretically, proposing a household-level model showing that neighborhood crime might also change these structural characteristics. We test these hypotheses using data on census tracts in 13 cities over a ten-year period, and our cross-lagged models generally find that, if anything, crime is the stronger causal force in these possible relationships. Neighborhoods with more crime tend to experience increasing levels of Residential Instability, more concentrated disadvantage, a diminishing retail environment, and more African Americans ten years later. Although we find that neighborhoods with more concentrated disadvantage experience increases in violent and property crime, there is no evidence that Residential Instability or the presence of African Americans increases crime rates ten years later.

  • violent crime Residential Instability and mobility does the relationship differ in minority neighborhoods
    Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Lyndsay N. Boggess, John R Hipp
    Abstract:

    This study examines the reciprocal relationship between violent crime and Residential stability in neighborhoods. We test whether the form of stability matters by comparing two different measures of stability: a traditional index of Residential stability and a novel approach focusing specifically on the stability of homeowners. We also examine whether the racial/ethnic composition of the neighborhood in which this stability occurs affects the Instability—violent crime relationship. To test the simultaneous relationship between Residential mobility and crime we estimate a dual multivariate latent curve model of the change in the violent crime rate and the change in the rate of home sales while controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic and demographic characteristics using data from Los Angeles between 1992 and 1997. Results indicate that the initial level of violent crime increases the trajectory of Residential Instability in subsequent years, whether the Instability is measured as homeowner turnover specifically, or based on an index of all residents. However, the effect of Instability on violent crime is only apparent when measuring Instability based on an index of general Residential turnover and not when including the presence of owners in this measure, or when measuring it based on homeowner turnover. We consistently find that stable highly Latino communities exhibit a protective effect against violence.

  • Violent crime, Residential Instability and mobility: Does the relationship differ in minority neighborhoods? - eScholarship
    2010
    Co-Authors: John R Hipp, Lyndsay N. Boggess
    Abstract:

    Violent crime, Residential Instability and mobility: Does the relationship differ in minority neighborhoods? Lyndsay N. Boggess 1 John R. Hipp 2 Post-print. Published in Journal of Quantitative Criminology 26(3): 351-370 August 2009 Department of Criminology, University of South Florida. Address correspondence to Lyndsay Boggess, 4202 East Fowler Ave, SOC 328, Tampa, FL 33620; email: lboggess@bcs.usf.edu. Department of Criminology, Law and Society and Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine.

  • Drive-bys and Trade-ups: Examining the Directionality of the Crime and Residential Instability Relationship
    Social Forces, 2009
    Co-Authors: John R Hipp, George E. Tita, Robert T. Greenbaum
    Abstract:

    Most prior research testing the hypothesis of the social disorganization theory that Residential Instability increases crime has used cross-sectional data. Using a unique dataset linking home sales address matched to census tracts with crime data in Los Angeles, we test the direction of this relationship using a six-year panel data design. We also test whether crime acts as a generator of transition and decline in neighborhoods by testing its effect on property values the following year. Our findings suggest little evidence that home sales volatility in one year leads to more property or violent crime the following year. Instead, higher levels of tract property and violent crime in one year lead to more home sales the following year. This effect of high crime rates is exacerbated in tracts with high levels of racial/ethnic heterogeneity, suggesting that such tracts may engender a distinct combination of fear and uncertainty in their residents, leading to more turn over. We also find that tracts with more violent crime one year have lower property values the following year, suggesting a general process of decline.

Jeff M Chambers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • social disorganization outside the metropolis an analysis of rural youth violence
    Criminology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Wayne D Osgood, Jeff M Chambers
    Abstract:

    In order to extend the study of community social disorganization and crime beyond its exclusive focus on large urban centers, we present an analysis of structural correlates of arrest rates for juvenile violence in 264 nonmetropolitan counties of four states. Findings support the generality of social disorganization theory: Juvenile violence was associated with rates of Residential Instability, family disruption, and ethnic heterogeneity. Though rates of poverty were not related to juvenile violence, this is also in accord with social disorganization theory because, unlike urban settings, poverty was negatively related to Residential Instability. Rates of juvenile violence varied markedly with population size through a curvilinear relationship in which counties with the smallest juvenile populations had exceptionally low arrest rates. Analyses used negative binomial regression (a variation of Poisson regression) because the small number of arrests in many counties meant that arrest rates would be ill suited to least-squares regression.

Jeanne Brooks-gunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Residential Instability, Family Support, and Parent–Child Relationships Among Ethnically Diverse Urban Families
    Journal of marriage and the family, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth M. Riina, Adam M. Lippert, Jeanne Brooks-gunn
    Abstract:

    Parent-child relationships are fundamental for healthy child development. Relationships characterized by high warmth and low conflict foster better school performance, higher self-esteem, lower depression, and fewer behavior problems among children of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds (Amato & Fowler, 2002; Cleveland, Gibbons, Gerrard, Pomery, & Brody, 2005; Mogro-Wilson, 2008; Stanik, Riina, & McHale, 2013; Stormshak, Bierman, McMahon, & Lengua, 2000). Parenting is determined by multiple contexts (Belsky, 1984; Bronfenbrenner, 1986; Pinderhughes, Nix, Foster, & Jones, 2001); however, extrafamilial factors that exist in settings such as neighborhoods have been examined less often. Further, the different risks and resources that contribute to parent-child relationships are typically studied in isolation (Simons, Johnson, Conger, & Lorenz, 1997), but their effects may be modified by the presence or absence of factors at the family and neighborhood levels. Previous research also suggests that neighborhoods confer different risks and resources to families on the basis of race/ethnicity (Zambrana, 2011), but few studies have examined the intersection of neighborhood and family contexts for parenting in different racial/ethnic groups.Residential Instability is a structural feature of neighborhoods marked by high rates of Residential turnover and low percentages of family-owned homes (Sampson, Morenoff, & Earls, 1999). We expect that families living in neighborhoods characterized by a high rate of Residential Instability will have lower levels of parent-child warmth and higher levels of parent-child conflict than families living in more stable areas. This is because Residential Instability can cause concern among parents over unknown individuals in the neighborhood (Timperio, Crawford, Telford, & Salmon, 2004; Valentine & McKendrick, 1997), hamper social capital and informal social control of unwanted behaviors in the community (Sampson et al., 1999; Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997), and limit parents' abilities to form supportive relationships with neighbors unrelated to them (Sampson, 2003).As a result of the limited social resources in unstable neighborhoods, support from family members could take on special salience to the lives of parents. Accordingly, we further expect that the relationship between Residential Instability and parent-child relationship quality will be less pronounced for families with high levels of family-based social support. Ample research shows that social support is associated with positive parent-child relationship qualities (Ceballo & McLoyd, 2002; Crnic, Greenberg, Robinson, & Ragozin, 1984; Green, Furrer, & McAllister, 2007; Izzo, Weiss, Shanahan, & Rodriguez-Brown, 2000; Kotchick, Dorsey, & Heller, 2005; Taylor & Roberts, 1995), especially support provided by family members (e.g., Kotchick et al., 2005; Taylor & Roberts, 1995). According to what we term a compensatory model, we expect that family-provided social support may buffer parent-child relationships against the negative effects of Residential Instability. Drawing upon past research showing stronger associations between social support and parent-child relationship quality among Black and Hispanic families, we also expect race/ethnicity to modify the mutual links among Residential Instability, social support, and parent-child relationship quality.Using data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), we address three main research questions: Do families living in neighborhoods marked by high Residential turnover present lower parent-child warmth and higher parent-child conflict than families in more stable neighborhoods? Do high levels of familial social support moderate these associations? Are these patterns different for Hispanic or Black families as compared to non-Hispanic White families? By addressing these questions, this study sheds light on how Residential Instability and social support are implicated in parent-child relationships among a diverse group of urban families. …

  • Neighborhood, Family and Individual Influences on School Physical Victimization
    Journal of youth and adolescence, 2012
    Co-Authors: Holly Foster, Jeanne Brooks-gunn
    Abstract:

    Few studies on the correlates of school violence include school and neighborhood influences. We use ecological systems theory and social disorganization theory to simultaneously incorporate neighborhood (e.g., concentrated poverty, Residential Instability, and immigrant concentration), school, family, and individual predictors of physical school victimization longitudinally among a large socio-economically and ethnically diverse (49 % Hispanic; 34 % African American) sample of 6 and 9 year olds (49 % female) from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. These children were followed up at Wave II at ages 8 and 11 (n = 1,425). Results of Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models reveal neighborhood Residential Instability increases school victimization net of family and individual correlates. Furthermore, cross-level interactions were also supported where Residential family mobility has a stronger risk influence in areas of high Residential Instability. Also, the influence of Residential family mobility is decreased in areas with higher levels of immigrant concentration. We also found cross-context connections where parent-to-child aggression in the home is connected to a higher risk of victimization at school. The role of neighborhood and family Residential Instability on victimization warrants further research.

Chris Melde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • MCJA Student Paper Award Winner: SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION AND VIOLENT CRIME IN RURAL APPALACHIA
    Journal of Crime and Justice, 2006
    Co-Authors: Chris Melde
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The following is an analysis of the relationship between structural antecedents of social disorganization and violent crime in rural Appalachia. Findings are supportive of the generalizability of social disorganization theory to these rural counties, but not through the same causal mechanisms found in urban environments. Specifically, Residential Instability and ethnic heterogeneity are not predictive of violent crime in rural Appalachia. Poverty, population density, and the proportion of renter-occupied housing are, however, strong and consistent predictors of violent crime across models. In addition, poverty was found to be inversely related to rape. Reasons for such findings, along with recommendations for future studies, are discussed.

Marybeth Shinn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.