The Experts below are selected from a list of 93687 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Sajjad Zahir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clusters in a Group decision making in the vector space formulation of the analytic hierarchy process
European Journal of Operational Research, 1999Co-Authors: Sajjad ZahirAbstract:For a large Group that might have a clustered structure, we discuss and implement an algorithm to Group individuals into natural clusters using a convenient similarity measure. The cohesiveness of a Homogeneous Group or cluster is also investigated.
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geometry of decision making and the vector space formulation of the analytic hierarchy process
European Journal of Operational Research, 1999Co-Authors: Sajjad ZahirAbstract:We extend the conventional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to an Euclidean vector space and develop formulations for aggregation of the alternative preferences with the criteria preferences. Relative priorities obtained from such a formulation are almost identical with the ones obtained using conventional AHP. Each decision is represented by a preference vector indicating the orientation of the decision maker's mind in the decision space spanned by the decision alternatives. This adds a geometric meaning to the decision making processes. We utilise the measure of similarity between any two decision makers and apply it for analysing decisions in a Homogeneous Group. We propose an aggregation scheme for calculating the Group preference from individual preferences using a simple vector addition procedure that satisfies Pareto optimality condition. The results agree very well with the ones of conventional AHP.
William G Wade - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peptostreptococcus stomatis sp nov isolated from the human oral cavity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Julia Downes, William G WadeAbstract:Seven strains of anaerobic Gram-positive cocci isolated from human oral sites were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains constituted a Homogeneous Group that was distinct from species with validly published names, but related to Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. All oral strains tested belonged to this Group, whereas all non-oral strains studied were confirmed as P. anaerobius. A novel species, Peptostreptococcus stomatis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these oral strains. P. stomatis is weakly saccharolytic and produces acetic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric and isocaproic acids as end products of fermentation. The type strain of P. stomatis is W2278T (=DSM 17678T=CCUG 51858T); the G+C content of the DNA of this strain is 36 mol%.
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dialister invisus sp nov isolated from the human oral cavity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2003Co-Authors: Julie Downes, Mark A Munson, William G WadeAbstract:Six strains of anaerobic, Gram-negative coccobacilli isolated from the root canals of patients with endodontic infections (five strains) and from a deep periodontal pocket (one strain) were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genetic tests and were found to comprise a Homogeneous Group. Following 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, they were found to be most closely related to Dialister pneumosintes, with 93 % sequence similarity between the two taxa. A novel species, Dialister invisus sp. nov., is proposed. Biochemically, the species is largely unreactive and is asaccharolytic, with only traces of acetate and propionate detected as metabolic end-products. The G+C content of the DNA of D. invisus strains is 45–46 mol%. The type strain is E7.25T (=CCUG 47026T=DSM 15470T).
Ira D Glick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a meta analysis of the efficacy of second generation antipsychotics
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: John M Davis, Nancy Chen, Ira D GlickAbstract:Background Consensus panel recommendations regarding choice of an antipsychotic agent for schizophrenia differ markedly, but most consider second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a Homogeneous Group. It has been suggested that SGAs seem falsely more efficacious than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) as a result of reduced efficacy due to use of a high-dose comparator, haloperidol. We performed (1) a meta-analysis of randomized efficacy trials comparing SGAs and FGAs, (2) comparisons between SGAs, (3) a dose-response analysis of FGAs and SGAs, and (4) an analysis of the effect on efficacy of an overly high dose of an FGA comparator. Methods Literature search of clinical trials between January 1953 and May 2002 of patients with schizophrenia from electronic databases, reference lists, posters, the Food and Drug Administration, and other unpublished data. We included 124 randomized controlled trials with efficacy data on 10 SGAs vs FGAs and 18 studies of comparisons between SGAs. Two of us independently extracted the sample sizes, means, and standard deviation of the efficacy data. Results Using the Hedges-Olkin algorithm, the effect sizes of clozapine, amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine were 0.49, 0.29, 0.25, and 0.21 greater than those of FGAs, withPvalues of 2 × 10−8, 3 × 10−7, 2 × 10−12, and 3 × 10−9, respectively. The remaining 6 SGAs were not significantly different from FGAs, although zotepine was marginally different. No efficacy difference was detected among amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine. We found no evidence that the haloperidol dose (or all FGA comparators converted to haloperidol-equivalent doses) affected these results when we examined its effect by drug or in a 2-way analysis of variance model in which SGA effectiveness is entered as a second factor. Conclusion Some SGAs are more efficacious than FGAs, and, therefore, SGAs are not a Homogeneous Group.
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a meta analysis of the efficacy of second generation antipsychotics
Schizophrenia Research, 2003Co-Authors: John M Davis, Nancy Chen, Ira D GlickAbstract:Background: Consensus panel recommendations regarding choice of an antipsychotic agent for schizophrenia differ markedly, but most consider secondgeneration antipsychotics (SGAs) as a Homogeneous Group. It has been suggested that SGAs seem falsely more efficacious than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) as a result of reduced efficacy due to use of a high-dose comparator, haloperidol. We performed (1) a metaanalysis of randomized efficacy trials comparing SGAs and FGAs, (2) comparisons between SGAs, (3) a doseresponse analysis of FGAs and SGAs, and (4) an analysis of the effect on efficacy of an overly high dose of an FGA comparator. Methods: Literature search of clinical trials between January 1953 and May 2002 of patients with schizophrenia from electronic databases, reference lists, posters, the Food and Drug Administration, and other unpublished data. We included 124 randomized controlled trials with efficacy data on 10 SGAs vs FGAs and 18 studies of comparisons between SGAs. Two of us independently extracted the sample sizes, means, and standard deviation of the efficacy data. Results: Using the Hedges-Olkin algorithm, the effect sizes of clozapine, amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine were 0.49, 0.29, 0.25, and 0.21 greater than those of FGAs, with P values of 210 �8 ,3 10 �7 ,2 10 �12 , and 310 �9 , respectively. The remaining 6 SGAs were not significantly different from FGAs, although zotepine was marginally different. No efficacy difference was detected among amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine. We found no evidence that the haloperidol dose (or all FGA comparators converted to haloperidol-equivalent doses) affected these results when we examined its effect by drug or in a 2-way analysis of variance model in which SGA effectiveness is entered as a second factor. Conclusion: Some SGAs are more efficacious than FGAs, and, therefore, SGAs are not a Homogeneous Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:553-564
John M Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a meta analysis of the efficacy of second generation antipsychotics
Archives of General Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: John M Davis, Nancy Chen, Ira D GlickAbstract:Background Consensus panel recommendations regarding choice of an antipsychotic agent for schizophrenia differ markedly, but most consider second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a Homogeneous Group. It has been suggested that SGAs seem falsely more efficacious than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) as a result of reduced efficacy due to use of a high-dose comparator, haloperidol. We performed (1) a meta-analysis of randomized efficacy trials comparing SGAs and FGAs, (2) comparisons between SGAs, (3) a dose-response analysis of FGAs and SGAs, and (4) an analysis of the effect on efficacy of an overly high dose of an FGA comparator. Methods Literature search of clinical trials between January 1953 and May 2002 of patients with schizophrenia from electronic databases, reference lists, posters, the Food and Drug Administration, and other unpublished data. We included 124 randomized controlled trials with efficacy data on 10 SGAs vs FGAs and 18 studies of comparisons between SGAs. Two of us independently extracted the sample sizes, means, and standard deviation of the efficacy data. Results Using the Hedges-Olkin algorithm, the effect sizes of clozapine, amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine were 0.49, 0.29, 0.25, and 0.21 greater than those of FGAs, withPvalues of 2 × 10−8, 3 × 10−7, 2 × 10−12, and 3 × 10−9, respectively. The remaining 6 SGAs were not significantly different from FGAs, although zotepine was marginally different. No efficacy difference was detected among amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine. We found no evidence that the haloperidol dose (or all FGA comparators converted to haloperidol-equivalent doses) affected these results when we examined its effect by drug or in a 2-way analysis of variance model in which SGA effectiveness is entered as a second factor. Conclusion Some SGAs are more efficacious than FGAs, and, therefore, SGAs are not a Homogeneous Group.
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a meta analysis of the efficacy of second generation antipsychotics
Schizophrenia Research, 2003Co-Authors: John M Davis, Nancy Chen, Ira D GlickAbstract:Background: Consensus panel recommendations regarding choice of an antipsychotic agent for schizophrenia differ markedly, but most consider secondgeneration antipsychotics (SGAs) as a Homogeneous Group. It has been suggested that SGAs seem falsely more efficacious than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) as a result of reduced efficacy due to use of a high-dose comparator, haloperidol. We performed (1) a metaanalysis of randomized efficacy trials comparing SGAs and FGAs, (2) comparisons between SGAs, (3) a doseresponse analysis of FGAs and SGAs, and (4) an analysis of the effect on efficacy of an overly high dose of an FGA comparator. Methods: Literature search of clinical trials between January 1953 and May 2002 of patients with schizophrenia from electronic databases, reference lists, posters, the Food and Drug Administration, and other unpublished data. We included 124 randomized controlled trials with efficacy data on 10 SGAs vs FGAs and 18 studies of comparisons between SGAs. Two of us independently extracted the sample sizes, means, and standard deviation of the efficacy data. Results: Using the Hedges-Olkin algorithm, the effect sizes of clozapine, amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine were 0.49, 0.29, 0.25, and 0.21 greater than those of FGAs, with P values of 210 �8 ,3 10 �7 ,2 10 �12 , and 310 �9 , respectively. The remaining 6 SGAs were not significantly different from FGAs, although zotepine was marginally different. No efficacy difference was detected among amisulpride, risperidone, and olanzapine. We found no evidence that the haloperidol dose (or all FGA comparators converted to haloperidol-equivalent doses) affected these results when we examined its effect by drug or in a 2-way analysis of variance model in which SGA effectiveness is entered as a second factor. Conclusion: Some SGAs are more efficacious than FGAs, and, therefore, SGAs are not a Homogeneous Group. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:553-564
Julia Downes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peptostreptococcus stomatis sp nov isolated from the human oral cavity
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2006Co-Authors: Julia Downes, William G WadeAbstract:Seven strains of anaerobic Gram-positive cocci isolated from human oral sites were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains constituted a Homogeneous Group that was distinct from species with validly published names, but related to Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. All oral strains tested belonged to this Group, whereas all non-oral strains studied were confirmed as P. anaerobius. A novel species, Peptostreptococcus stomatis sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these oral strains. P. stomatis is weakly saccharolytic and produces acetic, butyric, isobutyric, isovaleric and isocaproic acids as end products of fermentation. The type strain of P. stomatis is W2278T (=DSM 17678T=CCUG 51858T); the G+C content of the DNA of this strain is 36 mol%.
