The Experts below are selected from a list of 4839 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shuji Tsuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of rodent liver carcinogen genotoxicity by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yūf Sasaki, Emi Nishidate, Fusako Izumiyama, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Abstract We have recently designed a simple method for applying the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay to mouse organs. With this method, each organ is minced, suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, gently homogenized using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei are used for the alkaline SCG assay. In the present study, we used the method to assess the genotoxicity of 8 rodent hepatic carcinogens in 5 mouse organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow). The carcinogens we studied were p-aminoazobenzene, auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, ethylene thiourea (ETU), styrene-7,8-oxide, phenobarbital sodium, and benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride (BHC); except for p-aminoazobenzene, they do not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of each carcinogen. p-Aminoazobenzene, ETU, and styrene-7,8-oxide induced alkaline labile DNA lesions in all of the organs studied. Auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, and phenobarbital sodium also produced lesions, but their effect was greatest in the liver. BHC, which is not genotoxic in in vitro tests, did not show any effects. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay to detect in vivo activity of chemicals whose genotoxicity is not expressed in bone marrow cells.
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simple detection of chemical mutagens by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi Nishidate, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Recently, we designed a fast and simple method to obtain nuclei for the alkaline SCG assay and we tested it with mouse liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. Instead of isolating organ cells by trypsinization, we homogenized tissue and isolated the nuclei. Each organ was minced, and the mince was suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged. The nuclei from the precipitate were used for the assay. To evaluate the validity of this method, we tested the genotoxicity in mouse organs of 11 chemical mutagens with different modes of action. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after administration of each mutagen. Treatment with three alkylating agents (MMS, EMS, and MNNG), a DNA crosslinking agent (MMC), two aromatic amines (2-AAF and phenacetin), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (B[a]P), and two inorganic chemicals (KBrO3 and K2CrO4) increased migration of the DNA from mouse organs. 5-FU (a base analog) and colchicine (a spindle poison) treatment produced negative results in all organ studied. Considering that the alkaline SCG assay detects genotoxicity as DNA fragments derived from DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile damage, our results showed that the SCG assay using our homogenization technique detected chemical mutagens as a function of their modes of action.
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detection of chemically induced dna lesions in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Shuji Tsuda, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi NishidateAbstract:Abstract The effect of 2 model chemical mutagens on DNA was evaluated with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay in 5 mouse organs – liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone marrow. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of the direct mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) or the liver-targeting promutagen p -dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). Each organ was minced, suspended at a concentration of 1 g/ml in chilled homogenizing buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.075 M NaCl and 0.024 M Na 2 EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer at 500–800 rpm set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei were used for the alkaline SCG assay. ENU induced DNA damage in cells all of the organs studied. DAB, on the other hand, produced a positive response in the liver only. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay using a homogenization technique to detect the genotoxicity of chemicals in vivo in their target organs.
Emi Nishidate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of rodent liver carcinogen genotoxicity by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yūf Sasaki, Emi Nishidate, Fusako Izumiyama, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Abstract We have recently designed a simple method for applying the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay to mouse organs. With this method, each organ is minced, suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, gently homogenized using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei are used for the alkaline SCG assay. In the present study, we used the method to assess the genotoxicity of 8 rodent hepatic carcinogens in 5 mouse organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow). The carcinogens we studied were p-aminoazobenzene, auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, ethylene thiourea (ETU), styrene-7,8-oxide, phenobarbital sodium, and benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride (BHC); except for p-aminoazobenzene, they do not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of each carcinogen. p-Aminoazobenzene, ETU, and styrene-7,8-oxide induced alkaline labile DNA lesions in all of the organs studied. Auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, and phenobarbital sodium also produced lesions, but their effect was greatest in the liver. BHC, which is not genotoxic in in vitro tests, did not show any effects. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay to detect in vivo activity of chemicals whose genotoxicity is not expressed in bone marrow cells.
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simple detection of chemical mutagens by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi Nishidate, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Recently, we designed a fast and simple method to obtain nuclei for the alkaline SCG assay and we tested it with mouse liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. Instead of isolating organ cells by trypsinization, we homogenized tissue and isolated the nuclei. Each organ was minced, and the mince was suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged. The nuclei from the precipitate were used for the assay. To evaluate the validity of this method, we tested the genotoxicity in mouse organs of 11 chemical mutagens with different modes of action. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after administration of each mutagen. Treatment with three alkylating agents (MMS, EMS, and MNNG), a DNA crosslinking agent (MMC), two aromatic amines (2-AAF and phenacetin), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (B[a]P), and two inorganic chemicals (KBrO3 and K2CrO4) increased migration of the DNA from mouse organs. 5-FU (a base analog) and colchicine (a spindle poison) treatment produced negative results in all organ studied. Considering that the alkaline SCG assay detects genotoxicity as DNA fragments derived from DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile damage, our results showed that the SCG assay using our homogenization technique detected chemical mutagens as a function of their modes of action.
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detection of chemically induced dna lesions in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Shuji Tsuda, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi NishidateAbstract:Abstract The effect of 2 model chemical mutagens on DNA was evaluated with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay in 5 mouse organs – liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone marrow. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of the direct mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) or the liver-targeting promutagen p -dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). Each organ was minced, suspended at a concentration of 1 g/ml in chilled homogenizing buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.075 M NaCl and 0.024 M Na 2 EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer at 500–800 rpm set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei were used for the alkaline SCG assay. ENU induced DNA damage in cells all of the organs studied. DAB, on the other hand, produced a positive response in the liver only. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay using a homogenization technique to detect the genotoxicity of chemicals in vivo in their target organs.
Fusako Izumiyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of rodent liver carcinogen genotoxicity by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yūf Sasaki, Emi Nishidate, Fusako Izumiyama, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Abstract We have recently designed a simple method for applying the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay to mouse organs. With this method, each organ is minced, suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, gently homogenized using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei are used for the alkaline SCG assay. In the present study, we used the method to assess the genotoxicity of 8 rodent hepatic carcinogens in 5 mouse organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow). The carcinogens we studied were p-aminoazobenzene, auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, ethylene thiourea (ETU), styrene-7,8-oxide, phenobarbital sodium, and benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride (BHC); except for p-aminoazobenzene, they do not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of each carcinogen. p-Aminoazobenzene, ETU, and styrene-7,8-oxide induced alkaline labile DNA lesions in all of the organs studied. Auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, and phenobarbital sodium also produced lesions, but their effect was greatest in the liver. BHC, which is not genotoxic in in vitro tests, did not show any effects. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay to detect in vivo activity of chemicals whose genotoxicity is not expressed in bone marrow cells.
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simple detection of chemical mutagens by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi Nishidate, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Recently, we designed a fast and simple method to obtain nuclei for the alkaline SCG assay and we tested it with mouse liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. Instead of isolating organ cells by trypsinization, we homogenized tissue and isolated the nuclei. Each organ was minced, and the mince was suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged. The nuclei from the precipitate were used for the assay. To evaluate the validity of this method, we tested the genotoxicity in mouse organs of 11 chemical mutagens with different modes of action. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after administration of each mutagen. Treatment with three alkylating agents (MMS, EMS, and MNNG), a DNA crosslinking agent (MMC), two aromatic amines (2-AAF and phenacetin), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (B[a]P), and two inorganic chemicals (KBrO3 and K2CrO4) increased migration of the DNA from mouse organs. 5-FU (a base analog) and colchicine (a spindle poison) treatment produced negative results in all organ studied. Considering that the alkaline SCG assay detects genotoxicity as DNA fragments derived from DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile damage, our results showed that the SCG assay using our homogenization technique detected chemical mutagens as a function of their modes of action.
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detection of chemically induced dna lesions in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Shuji Tsuda, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi NishidateAbstract:Abstract The effect of 2 model chemical mutagens on DNA was evaluated with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay in 5 mouse organs – liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone marrow. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of the direct mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) or the liver-targeting promutagen p -dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). Each organ was minced, suspended at a concentration of 1 g/ml in chilled homogenizing buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.075 M NaCl and 0.024 M Na 2 EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer at 500–800 rpm set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei were used for the alkaline SCG assay. ENU induced DNA damage in cells all of the organs studied. DAB, on the other hand, produced a positive response in the liver only. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay using a homogenization technique to detect the genotoxicity of chemicals in vivo in their target organs.
Yu F Sasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simple detection of chemical mutagens by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi Nishidate, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Recently, we designed a fast and simple method to obtain nuclei for the alkaline SCG assay and we tested it with mouse liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. Instead of isolating organ cells by trypsinization, we homogenized tissue and isolated the nuclei. Each organ was minced, and the mince was suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged. The nuclei from the precipitate were used for the assay. To evaluate the validity of this method, we tested the genotoxicity in mouse organs of 11 chemical mutagens with different modes of action. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after administration of each mutagen. Treatment with three alkylating agents (MMS, EMS, and MNNG), a DNA crosslinking agent (MMC), two aromatic amines (2-AAF and phenacetin), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (B[a]P), and two inorganic chemicals (KBrO3 and K2CrO4) increased migration of the DNA from mouse organs. 5-FU (a base analog) and colchicine (a spindle poison) treatment produced negative results in all organ studied. Considering that the alkaline SCG assay detects genotoxicity as DNA fragments derived from DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile damage, our results showed that the SCG assay using our homogenization technique detected chemical mutagens as a function of their modes of action.
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detection of chemically induced dna lesions in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Shuji Tsuda, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi NishidateAbstract:Abstract The effect of 2 model chemical mutagens on DNA was evaluated with the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) (Comet) assay in 5 mouse organs – liver, lung, kidney, spleen and bone marrow. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of the direct mutagen ethyl nitrosourea (ENU) or the liver-targeting promutagen p -dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). Each organ was minced, suspended at a concentration of 1 g/ml in chilled homogenizing buffer (pH 7.5) containing 0.075 M NaCl and 0.024 M Na 2 EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer at 500–800 rpm set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei were used for the alkaline SCG assay. ENU induced DNA damage in cells all of the organs studied. DAB, on the other hand, produced a positive response in the liver only. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay using a homogenization technique to detect the genotoxicity of chemicals in vivo in their target organs.
Naonori Matsusaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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simple detection of chemical mutagens by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yu F Sasaki, Fusako Izumiyama, Emi Nishidate, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Recently, we designed a fast and simple method to obtain nuclei for the alkaline SCG assay and we tested it with mouse liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow. Instead of isolating organ cells by trypsinization, we homogenized tissue and isolated the nuclei. Each organ was minced, and the mince was suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, homogenized gently using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged. The nuclei from the precipitate were used for the assay. To evaluate the validity of this method, we tested the genotoxicity in mouse organs of 11 chemical mutagens with different modes of action. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after administration of each mutagen. Treatment with three alkylating agents (MMS, EMS, and MNNG), a DNA crosslinking agent (MMC), two aromatic amines (2-AAF and phenacetin), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (B[a]P), and two inorganic chemicals (KBrO3 and K2CrO4) increased migration of the DNA from mouse organs. 5-FU (a base analog) and colchicine (a spindle poison) treatment produced negative results in all organ studied. Considering that the alkaline SCG assay detects genotoxicity as DNA fragments derived from DNA single-strand breaks and alkali-labile damage, our results showed that the SCG assay using our homogenization technique detected chemical mutagens as a function of their modes of action.
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detection of rodent liver carcinogen genotoxicity by the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis comet assay in multiple mouse organs liver lung spleen kidney and bone marrow
Mutation Research-genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 1997Co-Authors: Yūf Sasaki, Emi Nishidate, Fusako Izumiyama, Naonori Matsusaka, Shuji TsudaAbstract:Abstract We have recently designed a simple method for applying the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCG) assay to mouse organs. With this method, each organ is minced, suspended in chilled homogenizing buffer containing NaCl and Na2EDTA, gently homogenized using a Potter-type Homogenizer set in ice, and then centrifuged nuclei are used for the alkaline SCG assay. In the present study, we used the method to assess the genotoxicity of 8 rodent hepatic carcinogens in 5 mouse organs (liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and bone marrow). The carcinogens we studied were p-aminoazobenzene, auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, ethylene thiourea (ETU), styrene-7,8-oxide, phenobarbital sodium, and benzene-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloride (BHC); except for p-aminoazobenzene, they do not induce micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells. Mice were sacrificed 3 and 24 h after the administration of each carcinogen. p-Aminoazobenzene, ETU, and styrene-7,8-oxide induced alkaline labile DNA lesions in all of the organs studied. Auramine, 2,4-diaminotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, and phenobarbital sodium also produced lesions, but their effect was greatest in the liver. BHC, which is not genotoxic in in vitro tests, did not show any effects. We suggest that it may be possible to use the alkaline SCG assay to detect in vivo activity of chemicals whose genotoxicity is not expressed in bone marrow cells.