The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Adam C Nelson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protein pheromone expression levels predict and respond to the formation of social dominance networks
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam C Nelson, Christopher B Cunningham, James S Ruff, Wayne K PottsAbstract:Communication signals are key regulators of social networks and are thought to be under selective pressure to honestly reflect social status, including dominance status. The odours of dominants and nondominants differentially influence behaviour, and identification of the specific pheromones associated with, and predictive of, dominance status is essential for understanding the mechanisms of network formation and maintenance. In mice, major urinary proteins (MUPs) are excreted in extraordinary large quantities and expression level has been hypothesized to provide an honest signal of dominance status. Here, we evaluate whether MUPs are associated with dominance in wild-derived mice by analysing expression levels before, during and after competition for reproductive resources over 3 days. During competition, dominant males have 24% greater urinary MUP expression than nondominants. The MUP darcin, a pheromone that stimulates female attraction, is predictive of dominance status: dominant males have higher darcin expression before competition. Dominants also have a higher ratio of darcin to other MUPs before and during competition. These differences appear transient, because there are no differences in MUPs or darcin after competition. We also find MUP expression is affected by sire dominance status: socially naive sons of dominant males have lower MUP expression, but this apparent repression is released during competition. A requisite condition for the evolution of communication signals is Honesty, and we provide novel insight into pheromones and social networks by showing that MUP and darcin expression is a reliable signal of dominance status, a primary determinant of male fitness in many species.
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protein pheromone expression levels predict and respond to the formation of social dominance networks
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam C Nelson, Christopher B Cunningham, James S Ruff, Wayne K PottsAbstract:Communication signals are key regulators of social networks, and are thought to be under selective pressure to honestly reflect social status, including dominance status. The odors of dominants and nondominants differentially influence behavior, and identification of the specific pheromones associated with, and predictive of, dominance status is essential for understanding the mechanisms of network formation and maintenance. In mice, major urinary proteins (MUPs) are excreted in extraordinary large quantities and expression level has been hypothesized to provide an honest signal of dominance status. Here, we evaluate whether MUPs are associated with dominance in wild-derived mice by analyzing expression levels before, during, and after competition for reproductive resources over three days. During competition, dominant males have 24% greater urinary MUP expression than nondominants. The MUP darcin, a pheromone that stimulates female attraction, is predictive of dominance status: dominant males have higher darcin expression before competition. Dominants also have a higher ratio of darcin to other MUPs before and during competition. These differences appear transient, because there are no differences in MUPs or darcin after competition. We also find MUP expression is affected by sire dominance status: socially naive sons of dominant males have lower MUP expression, but this apparent repression is released during competition. A requisite condition for the evolution of communication signals is Honesty, and we provide novel insight into pheromones and social networks by showing that MUP and darcin expression is a reliable signal of dominance status, a primary determinant of male fitness in many species.
Martin Stevens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Dataset for: Sex differences but no evidence of quantitative Honesty in the warning signals of six-spot burnet moths (Zygaena filipendulae L.)
2018Co-Authors: Emmanuelle Sophie Briolat, Mika Zagrobelny, Carl Erik Olsen, Jonathan D Blount, Martin StevensAbstract:The distinctive black and red wing pattern of six-spot burnet moths (Zygaena filipendulae, L.) is a classic example of aposematism, advertising their potent cyanide-based defences. While such warning signals provide a qualitatively honest signal of unprofitability, the evidence for quantitative Honesty, whereby variation in visual traits could provide accurate estimates of individual toxicity, is more equivocal. Combining sophisticated measures of cyanogenic glucoside content and wing colour from the perspective of avian predators, we investigate the relationship between coloration and defences in Z. filipendulae, to test signal Honesty both within and across populations. Mean cyanogenic glucoside concentration was not correlated with wing coloration across populations in males, yet in females higher cyanogenic glucoside levels were associated with smaller and lighter red forewing markings. Trends within populations were similarly indicative of quantitative disHonesty, and consistent differences between the sexes were apparent: larger females, carrying a greater total cyanogenic glucoside load, displayed larger but less conspicuous markings than smaller males, according to several colour metrics. The overall high aversiveness of cyanogenic glucosides and fluctuations in colour and toxin levels during an individual’s lifetime may contribute to these results, highlighting generally important reasons why signal Honesty should not always be expected in aposematic species
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signal Honesty and predation risk among a closely related group of aposematic species
Scientific Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Lina Maria Arenas, Dominic Walter, Martin StevensAbstract:Many animals have bright colours to warn predators that they have defences and are not worth attacking. However, it remains unclear whether the strength of warning colours reliably indicate levels of defence. Few studies have unambiguously established if warning signals are honest, and have rarely considered predator vision or conspicuousness against the background. Importantly, little data exists either on how differences in signal strength translate into survival advantages. Ladybirds exhibit impressive variation in coloration both among and within species. Here we demonstrate that different levels of toxicity exist among and within ladybird species, and that signal contrast against the background is a good predictor of toxicity, showing that the colours are honest signals. Furthermore, field experiments with ladybird models created with regards to predator vision show that models with lower conspicuousness were attacked more frequently. This provides one of the most comprehensive studies on signal Honesty in warning coloration to date.
Wayne K Potts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protein pheromone expression levels predict and respond to the formation of social dominance networks
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam C Nelson, Christopher B Cunningham, James S Ruff, Wayne K PottsAbstract:Communication signals are key regulators of social networks and are thought to be under selective pressure to honestly reflect social status, including dominance status. The odours of dominants and nondominants differentially influence behaviour, and identification of the specific pheromones associated with, and predictive of, dominance status is essential for understanding the mechanisms of network formation and maintenance. In mice, major urinary proteins (MUPs) are excreted in extraordinary large quantities and expression level has been hypothesized to provide an honest signal of dominance status. Here, we evaluate whether MUPs are associated with dominance in wild-derived mice by analysing expression levels before, during and after competition for reproductive resources over 3 days. During competition, dominant males have 24% greater urinary MUP expression than nondominants. The MUP darcin, a pheromone that stimulates female attraction, is predictive of dominance status: dominant males have higher darcin expression before competition. Dominants also have a higher ratio of darcin to other MUPs before and during competition. These differences appear transient, because there are no differences in MUPs or darcin after competition. We also find MUP expression is affected by sire dominance status: socially naive sons of dominant males have lower MUP expression, but this apparent repression is released during competition. A requisite condition for the evolution of communication signals is Honesty, and we provide novel insight into pheromones and social networks by showing that MUP and darcin expression is a reliable signal of dominance status, a primary determinant of male fitness in many species.
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protein pheromone expression levels predict and respond to the formation of social dominance networks
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam C Nelson, Christopher B Cunningham, James S Ruff, Wayne K PottsAbstract:Communication signals are key regulators of social networks, and are thought to be under selective pressure to honestly reflect social status, including dominance status. The odors of dominants and nondominants differentially influence behavior, and identification of the specific pheromones associated with, and predictive of, dominance status is essential for understanding the mechanisms of network formation and maintenance. In mice, major urinary proteins (MUPs) are excreted in extraordinary large quantities and expression level has been hypothesized to provide an honest signal of dominance status. Here, we evaluate whether MUPs are associated with dominance in wild-derived mice by analyzing expression levels before, during, and after competition for reproductive resources over three days. During competition, dominant males have 24% greater urinary MUP expression than nondominants. The MUP darcin, a pheromone that stimulates female attraction, is predictive of dominance status: dominant males have higher darcin expression before competition. Dominants also have a higher ratio of darcin to other MUPs before and during competition. These differences appear transient, because there are no differences in MUPs or darcin after competition. We also find MUP expression is affected by sire dominance status: socially naive sons of dominant males have lower MUP expression, but this apparent repression is released during competition. A requisite condition for the evolution of communication signals is Honesty, and we provide novel insight into pheromones and social networks by showing that MUP and darcin expression is a reliable signal of dominance status, a primary determinant of male fitness in many species.
Christopher B Cunningham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protein pheromone expression levels predict and respond to the formation of social dominance networks
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam C Nelson, Christopher B Cunningham, James S Ruff, Wayne K PottsAbstract:Communication signals are key regulators of social networks and are thought to be under selective pressure to honestly reflect social status, including dominance status. The odours of dominants and nondominants differentially influence behaviour, and identification of the specific pheromones associated with, and predictive of, dominance status is essential for understanding the mechanisms of network formation and maintenance. In mice, major urinary proteins (MUPs) are excreted in extraordinary large quantities and expression level has been hypothesized to provide an honest signal of dominance status. Here, we evaluate whether MUPs are associated with dominance in wild-derived mice by analysing expression levels before, during and after competition for reproductive resources over 3 days. During competition, dominant males have 24% greater urinary MUP expression than nondominants. The MUP darcin, a pheromone that stimulates female attraction, is predictive of dominance status: dominant males have higher darcin expression before competition. Dominants also have a higher ratio of darcin to other MUPs before and during competition. These differences appear transient, because there are no differences in MUPs or darcin after competition. We also find MUP expression is affected by sire dominance status: socially naive sons of dominant males have lower MUP expression, but this apparent repression is released during competition. A requisite condition for the evolution of communication signals is Honesty, and we provide novel insight into pheromones and social networks by showing that MUP and darcin expression is a reliable signal of dominance status, a primary determinant of male fitness in many species.
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protein pheromone expression levels predict and respond to the formation of social dominance networks
Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015Co-Authors: Adam C Nelson, Christopher B Cunningham, James S Ruff, Wayne K PottsAbstract:Communication signals are key regulators of social networks, and are thought to be under selective pressure to honestly reflect social status, including dominance status. The odors of dominants and nondominants differentially influence behavior, and identification of the specific pheromones associated with, and predictive of, dominance status is essential for understanding the mechanisms of network formation and maintenance. In mice, major urinary proteins (MUPs) are excreted in extraordinary large quantities and expression level has been hypothesized to provide an honest signal of dominance status. Here, we evaluate whether MUPs are associated with dominance in wild-derived mice by analyzing expression levels before, during, and after competition for reproductive resources over three days. During competition, dominant males have 24% greater urinary MUP expression than nondominants. The MUP darcin, a pheromone that stimulates female attraction, is predictive of dominance status: dominant males have higher darcin expression before competition. Dominants also have a higher ratio of darcin to other MUPs before and during competition. These differences appear transient, because there are no differences in MUPs or darcin after competition. We also find MUP expression is affected by sire dominance status: socially naive sons of dominant males have lower MUP expression, but this apparent repression is released during competition. A requisite condition for the evolution of communication signals is Honesty, and we provide novel insight into pheromones and social networks by showing that MUP and darcin expression is a reliable signal of dominance status, a primary determinant of male fitness in many species.
Valerio Capraro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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time pressure and Honesty in a deception game
arXiv: Physics and Society, 2018Co-Authors: Valerio Capraro, Jonathan Schulz, David G. RandAbstract:Previous experiments have found mixed results on whether Honesty is intuitive or requires deliberation. Here we add to this literature by building on prior work of Capraro (2017). We report a large study (N=1,389) manipulating time pressure vs time delay in a deception game. We find that, in this setting, people are more honest under time pressure, and that this result is not driven by confounds present in earlier work.
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does the truth come naturally time pressure increases Honesty in one shot deception games
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Valerio CapraroAbstract:Many interactions require people to act quickly, and are characterized by asymmetric information. Since asymmetric information makes people tempted to misreport their private information for their own benefit, it is important to understand whether time pressure interferes with honest behavior. Previous studies suggest that time pressure increases disHonesty. However, these studies have the limitation that subjects knew beforehand that their payoff-maximizing strategy was to deceive, and thus it remains unclear whether time pressure increases disHonesty or simply increases payoff maximization. Here we report two studies aimed at filling this gap. In Study 1, subjects were given an information and were asked to report it within 5 seconds vs after 30 seconds. Crucially, participants did not know their payoff maximizing strategy before knowing the private information. We find that time pressure increases honest behavior. Moreover, we find that this effect disappears when the same economic scenario is presented as a simple choice between two allocations of money, with no lying involved, demonstrating that our results are driven by Honesty, and not by a potential conflict between self-regarding and other-regarding preferences. Study 2 explores the psychological mechanisms behind this result and finds that low scores in a Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) predict Honesty. Since both time pressure and low CRT scores make people more likely to rely on their automatized strategies, our results support the Truth-Default Theory, which assumes that people have internalized true-telling as their default strategies.
