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Steven M. Valles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host Specificity and colony impacts of the fire ant pathogen solenopsis invicta virus 3
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: Sanford D. Porter, Steven M. VallesAbstract:Abstract An understanding of Host Specificity is essential before pathogens can be used as biopesticides or self-sustaining biocontrol agents. In order to define the Host range of the recently discovered Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3), we exposed laboratory colonies of 19 species of ants in 14 genera and 4 subfamilies to this virus. Despite extreme exposure during these tests, active, replicating infections only occurred in Solenopsis invicta Buren and hybrid (S. invicta × S. richteri) fire ant colonies. The lack of infections in test Solenopsis geminata fire ants from the United States indicates that SINV-3 is restricted to the saevissima complex of South American fire ants, especially since replicating virus was also found in several field-collected samples of the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel. S. invicta colonies infected with SINV-3 declined dramatically with average brood reductions of 85% or more while colonies of other species exposed to virus remained uninfected and healthy. The combination of high virulence and high Host Specificity suggest that SINV-3 has the potential for use as either a biopesticide or a self-sustaining biocontrol agent.
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phenology distribution and Host Specificity of solenopsis invicta virus 1
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Steven M. Valles, Sanford D. Porter, Charles A Strong, Roberto M Pereira, Robert Vander K Meer, Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Linda M Hooperbui, Hussein Sanchezarroyo, Timothy A Davis, Vedham KarpakakunjaramAbstract:Abstract Studies were conducted to examine the phenology, geographic distribution, and Host Specificity of the Solenopsis invicta virus-1 (SINV-1). Two genotypes examined, SINV-1 and -1A, exhibited similar seasonal prevalence patterns. Infection rates among colonies of S. invicta in Gainesville, Florida, were lowest from early winter (December) to early spring (April) increasing rapidly in late spring (May) and remaining high through August before declining again in the fall (September/October). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between mean monthly temperature and SINV-1 (p
Lihua Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential impacts of Host Specificity on zoonotic or interspecies transmission of enterocytozoon bieneusi
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2019Co-Authors: Yaoyu Feng, Longxian Zhang, Lihua XiaoAbstract:Microsporidia are composed of a highly diverse group of single-celled, obligate intracellular fungi that colonize an extremely wide range of other eukaryotes, among which Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common species responsible for human microsporidiasis. Genotyping of E. bieneusi based on sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) has recognized ~500 genotypes in humans and a great variety of other mammals and birds. Those genotypes vary in genetic or hereditary characteristics and form 11 genetic groups in phylogenetic analysis of the ITS nucleotide sequences. Some of genotypes in Group 1 (e.g., D, EbpC, and type IV) and Group 2 (e.g., BEB4, BEB6, I, and J) have broad Host and geographic ranges, constituting a major risk for zoonotic or cross-species transmission. By contrast, Host Specificity seems common in Group 3 to Group 11 whose members appear well adapted to specific Hosts and thus would have minimal or unknown effects on public health. Multilocus sequence typing using the ITS, three microsatellites MS1, MS3, and MS7, and one minisatellite MS4, and population genetic analysis of Group 1 isolates reveal the occurrence of clonality, potential Host adaptation, and population differentiation of E. bieneusi in various Hosts. Nonetheless, it is still highly desirable to explore novel genetic markers with enough polymorphisms, to type complex or unstructured E. bieneusi populations of various Host species and geographic origins, notably those belonging to Group 2 to Group 11. Additional population genetic and comparative genomic data are needed to elucidate the actual extent of Host Specificity in E. bieneusi and its potential impacts on zoonotic or interspecies transmission of microsporidiasis.
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multilocus sequence typing and population genetic analysis of enterocytozoon bieneusi Host Specificity and its impacts on public health
Frontiers in Genetics, 2019Co-Authors: Lihua XiaoAbstract:Microsporidia comprise a large class of unicellular eukaryotic pathogens that are medically and agriculturally important, but poorly understood. There have been nearly 1,500 microsporidian species described thus far, which are variable in biology, genetics, genomics, and Host Specificity. Among those, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the well-known species responsible for the most recorded cases of human microsporidian affections. The pathogen can colonize a broad range of mammals and birds and most of the animals surveyed share some genotypes with humans, posing a threat to public health. Based on DNA sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and phylogenetic analysis, several hundreds of E. bieneusi genotypes have been defined and clustered into different genetic groups with varied levels of Host Specificity. However, single locus-based typing using ITS might have insufficient resolution to discriminate among E. bieneusi isolates with complex genetic or hereditary characteristics and to assess the elusive reproduction or transmission modes of the organism, highlighting the need for exploration and application of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and population genetic tools. The present review begins with a primer on microsporidia and major microsporidian species, briefly introduces the recent advances on E. bieneusi ITS genotyping and phylogeny, summarizes recent MLST and population genetic data, analyzes the inter- and intragroup Host Specificity at the MLST level, and interprets the public health implications of Host Specificity in zoonotic or cross-species transmission of this ubiquitous fungus.
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Table_1_Multilocus Sequence Typing and Population Genetic Analysis of Enterocytozoon bieneusi: Host Specificity and Its Impacts on Public Health.doc
2019Co-Authors: Lihua XiaoAbstract:Microsporidia comprise a large class of unicellular eukaryotic pathogens that are medically and agriculturally important, but poorly understood. There have been nearly 1,500 microsporidian species described thus far, which are variable in biology, genetics, genomics, and Host Specificity. Among those, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the well-known species responsible for the most recorded cases of human microsporidian affections. The pathogen can colonize a broad range of mammals and birds and most of the animals surveyed share some genotypes with humans, posing a threat to public health. Based on DNA sequence analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and phylogenetic analysis, several hundreds of E. bieneusi genotypes have been defined and clustered into different genetic groups with varied levels of Host Specificity. However, single locus-based typing using ITS might have insufficient resolution to discriminate among E. bieneusi isolates with complex genetic or hereditary characteristics and to assess the elusive reproduction or transmission modes of the organism, highlighting the need for exploration and application of multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and population genetic tools. The present review begins with a primer on microsporidia and major microsporidian species, briefly introduces the recent advances on E. bieneusi ITS genotyping and phylogeny, summarizes recent MLST and population genetic data, analyzes the inter- and intragroup Host Specificity at the MLST level, and interprets the public health implications of Host Specificity in zoonotic or cross-species transmission of this ubiquitous fungus.
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Host Specificity and source of enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in a drinking source watershed
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Yaqiong Guo, Yaoyu Feng, Kerri A Alderisio, Wenli Yang, Vitaliano Cama, Lihua XiaoAbstract:To assess the Host Specificity of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and to track the sources of E. bieneusi contamination, we genotyped E. bieneusi in wildlife and stormwater from the watershed of New York City's source water, using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR and sequence analyses. A total of 255 specimens from 23 species of wild mammals and 67 samples from stormwater were analyzed. Seventy-four (29.0%) of the wildlife specimens and 39 (58.2%) of the stormwater samples from streams were PCR positive. Altogether, 20 E. bieneusi genotypes were found, including 8 known genotypes and 12 new ones. Sixteen and five of the genotypes were seen in animals and stormwater from the watershed, respectively, with WL4 being the most common genotype in both animals (35 samples) and stormwater (23 samples). The 20 E. bieneusi genotypes belonged to five genogroups (groups 1, 3, 4, and 7 and an outlier), with only 23/113 (20.4%) E. bieneusi-positive samples belonging to zoonotic genogroup 1 and 3/20 genotypes ever being detected in humans. The two genogroups previously considered Host specific, groups 3 and 4, were both detected in multiple groups of mammals. Thus, with the exception of the type IV, Peru11, and D genotypes, which were detected in only 7, 5, and 2 animals, respectively, most E. bieneusi strains in most wildlife samples and all stormwater samples in the watershed had no known public health significance, as these types have not previously been detected in humans. The role of different species of wild mammals in the contribution of E. bieneusi contamination in stormwater was supported by determinations of Host-adapted Cryptosporidium species/genotypes in the same water samples. Data from this study indicate that the Host Specificity of E. bieneusi group 3 is broader than originally thought, and wildlife is the main source of E. bieneusi in stormwater in the watershed.
Sanford D. Porter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host Specificity and colony impacts of the fire ant pathogen solenopsis invicta virus 3
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: Sanford D. Porter, Steven M. VallesAbstract:Abstract An understanding of Host Specificity is essential before pathogens can be used as biopesticides or self-sustaining biocontrol agents. In order to define the Host range of the recently discovered Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3), we exposed laboratory colonies of 19 species of ants in 14 genera and 4 subfamilies to this virus. Despite extreme exposure during these tests, active, replicating infections only occurred in Solenopsis invicta Buren and hybrid (S. invicta × S. richteri) fire ant colonies. The lack of infections in test Solenopsis geminata fire ants from the United States indicates that SINV-3 is restricted to the saevissima complex of South American fire ants, especially since replicating virus was also found in several field-collected samples of the black imported fire ant, Solenopsis richteri Forel. S. invicta colonies infected with SINV-3 declined dramatically with average brood reductions of 85% or more while colonies of other species exposed to virus remained uninfected and healthy. The combination of high virulence and high Host Specificity suggest that SINV-3 has the potential for use as either a biopesticide or a self-sustaining biocontrol agent.
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phenology distribution and Host Specificity of solenopsis invicta virus 1
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2007Co-Authors: Steven M. Valles, Sanford D. Porter, Charles A Strong, Roberto M Pereira, Robert Vander K Meer, Yoshifumi Hashimoto, Linda M Hooperbui, Hussein Sanchezarroyo, Timothy A Davis, Vedham KarpakakunjaramAbstract:Abstract Studies were conducted to examine the phenology, geographic distribution, and Host Specificity of the Solenopsis invicta virus-1 (SINV-1). Two genotypes examined, SINV-1 and -1A, exhibited similar seasonal prevalence patterns. Infection rates among colonies of S. invicta in Gainesville, Florida, were lowest from early winter (December) to early spring (April) increasing rapidly in late spring (May) and remaining high through August before declining again in the fall (September/October). Correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between mean monthly temperature and SINV-1 (p
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Host Specificity of several Pseudacteon (Diptera: Phoridae) parasites of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in South America.
The Florida Entomologist, 1995Co-Authors: Sanford D. Porter, Harold G. Fowler, Sofia Campiolo, Marcos Antônio PesqueroAbstract:We tested the Host Specificity of several parasitic Pseudacteon scuttle flies in South America with 23 species of ants in 13 genera. None of these ant species attracted Pseudacteon parasites except Solenopsis saevissima (F. Smith) and to a lesser extent Solenopsis geminata (Fab.). This result is encouraging because it indicates that the Pseudacteon flies tested in this study would not pose an ecological danger to other ant genera if these flies were introduced into the United States as classical biological control agents of imported fire ants. This prediction of Host Specificity will, of course, need to be validated with potential Hosts in the United States before these flies can be released.
Nicholas J. Clark - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Climate variation influences Host Specificity in avian malaria parasites
Ecology letters, 2019Co-Authors: Alan Fecchio, Holly L. Lutz, Konstans Wells, Jeffrey A. Bell, Vasyl V. Tkach, Jason D. Weckstein, Sonya M. Clegg, Nicholas J. ClarkAbstract:Parasites with low Host Specificity (e.g. infecting a large diversity of Host species) are of special interest in disease ecology, as they are likely more capable of circumventing ecological or evolutionary barriers to infect new Hosts than are specialist parasites. Yet for many parasites, Host Specificity is not fixed and can vary in response to environmental conditions. Using data on Host associations for avian malaria parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida), we develop a hierarchical model that quantifies this environmental dependency by partitioning Host Specificity variation into region- and parasite-level effects. Parasites were generally phylogenetic Host specialists, infecting phylogenetically clustered subsets of available avian Hosts. However, the magnitude of this specialisation varied biogeographically, with parasites exhibiting higher Host Specificity in regions with more pronounced rainfall seasonality and wetter dry seasons. Recognising the environmental dependency of parasite specialisation can provide useful leverage for improving predictions of infection risk in response to global climate change.
Alan Fecchio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Climate variation influences Host Specificity in avian malaria parasites
Ecology letters, 2019Co-Authors: Alan Fecchio, Holly L. Lutz, Konstans Wells, Jeffrey A. Bell, Vasyl V. Tkach, Jason D. Weckstein, Sonya M. Clegg, Nicholas J. ClarkAbstract:Parasites with low Host Specificity (e.g. infecting a large diversity of Host species) are of special interest in disease ecology, as they are likely more capable of circumventing ecological or evolutionary barriers to infect new Hosts than are specialist parasites. Yet for many parasites, Host Specificity is not fixed and can vary in response to environmental conditions. Using data on Host associations for avian malaria parasites (Apicomplexa: Haemosporida), we develop a hierarchical model that quantifies this environmental dependency by partitioning Host Specificity variation into region- and parasite-level effects. Parasites were generally phylogenetic Host specialists, infecting phylogenetically clustered subsets of available avian Hosts. However, the magnitude of this specialisation varied biogeographically, with parasites exhibiting higher Host Specificity in regions with more pronounced rainfall seasonality and wetter dry seasons. Recognising the environmental dependency of parasite specialisation can provide useful leverage for improving predictions of infection risk in response to global climate change.
