The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stephen B. Manuck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hostility Dimensions and Metabolic Syndrome in a Healthy, Midlife Sample
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Mark C. Thomas, Thomas W. Kamarck, Aidan G. C. Wright, Karen A. Matthews, Matthew F. Muldoon, Stephen B. ManuckAbstract:Objective Evidence links trait Hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which Hostility dimensions (e.g., expressive or cognitive Hostility) relate to MetS are not well known. Further, there may be age and sex differences in the extent to which Hostility dimensions relate to MetS. The present study evaluated associations between dimensions of Hostility and the metabolic syndrome and its individual components as well as the moderating effects of sex and age. Methods In a cross-sectional sample of 478 employed adults, a principal component analysis from common trait Hostility questionnaires yielded a two-factor solution: expressive Hostility (anger and aggression) and cognitive Hostility (cynicism). Each of these two components of Hostility was examined as predictors of each of two aggregated MetS outcomes: a dichotomous measure of MetS, based upon the NCEP-ATP III definition, and a continuous measure based upon the average of standardized scores for each component; and they were examined as predictors of individual MetS components as well. Results Expressive Hostility was associated with MetS severity ( b = 0.110, p = 0.04) and waist circumference ( b = 2.75, p = 0.01). Moderation analyses revealed that elevated expressive Hostility was associated with elevated waist circumference in women but not men. Cognitive Hostility was not related to any metabolic syndrome component or aggregated outcome, and no moderation was observed. Conclusions Among multiple individual components and two aggregated scores, only trait dispositions to expressed hostile affect and behavior were associated with MetS severity and waist circumference. The effects were small but statistically significant. The association between cognitive Hostility and metabolic syndrome measures may not be robust in a large sample of healthy, midlife adults.
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Hostility dimensions and metabolic syndrome in a healthy midlife sample
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Mark C. Thomas, Thomas W. Kamarck, Aidan G. C. Wright, Karen A. Matthews, Matthew F. Muldoon, Stephen B. ManuckAbstract:Evidence links trait Hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which Hostility dimensions (e.g., expressive or cognitive Hostility) relate to MetS are not well known. Further, there may be age and sex differences in the extent to which Hostility dimensions relate to MetS. The present study evaluated associations between dimensions of Hostility and the metabolic syndrome and its individual components as well as the moderating effects of sex and age. In a cross-sectional sample of 478 employed adults, a principal component analysis from common trait Hostility questionnaires yielded a two-factor solution: expressive Hostility (anger and aggression) and cognitive Hostility (cynicism). Each of these two components of Hostility was examined as predictors of each of two aggregated MetS outcomes: a dichotomous measure of MetS, based upon the NCEP-ATP III definition, and a continuous measure based upon the average of standardized scores for each component; and they were examined as predictors of individual MetS components as well. Expressive Hostility was associated with MetS severity (b = 0.110, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (b = 2.75, p = 0.01). Moderation analyses revealed that elevated expressive Hostility was associated with elevated waist circumference in women but not men. Cognitive Hostility was not related to any metabolic syndrome component or aggregated outcome, and no moderation was observed. Among multiple individual components and two aggregated scores, only trait dispositions to expressed hostile affect and behavior were associated with MetS severity and waist circumference. The effects were small but statistically significant. The association between cognitive Hostility and metabolic syndrome measures may not be robust in a large sample of healthy, midlife adults.
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Influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and hostile attitudes and behaviors.
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 1992Co-Authors: Karen A. Matthews, Stephen B. Manuck, Karen L. Woodall, T. O. Engebretson, Barbara S. Mccann, Catherine M. Stoney, P. G. SaabAbstract:We describe the influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and Hostility indices that have been related to rates of coronary heart disease (CHD). The sample consisted of 120 girls and 95 boys (ages 6 to 18 years) and 141 women and 120 men (ages 31 to 62 years) from 142 families residing in an upper middle class community. Results showed little familial aggregation of Type A and Hostility. Adults had higher Structured Interview (SI) Potential for Hostility ratings than did children, whereas children had higher Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-derived Hostility scores and SI Anger-In ratings than did adults. Male adults and male children had higher SI Potential for Hostility ratings and MMPI-derived Hostility scores than did their female counterparts. The heightened Hostility of males may account, in part, for their heightened risk of CHD relative to females'.
Catherine Behnke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Women's Hostility Toward Women
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1998Co-Authors: Gloria Cowan, Charlene Neighbors, Jann Delamoreaux, Catherine BehnkeAbstract:Three studies investigating the self-report correlates of women's Hostility toward other women were conducted among a total of 477 college women. In Study 1, Hostility toward women was negatively associated with both personal and collective self-esteem and positively associated with Hostility toward men, controlling for state anger. In Study 2, Hostility toward women was negatively associated with self-efficacy and age and positively associated with emotional dependence on men, but not with self-identification as a feminist or support of the feminist movement. In Study 3, women's Hostility toward women was negatively associated with measures of intimacy and life satisfaction and positively associated with acceptance of interpersonal violence. We suggest that women's Hostility toward other women not only is an important aspect of women's personal satisfaction, happiness, intimacy, and self-esteem, but also may serve as a barrier to women's progress as a group.
Karen A. Matthews - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hostility Dimensions and Metabolic Syndrome in a Healthy, Midlife Sample
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Mark C. Thomas, Thomas W. Kamarck, Aidan G. C. Wright, Karen A. Matthews, Matthew F. Muldoon, Stephen B. ManuckAbstract:Objective Evidence links trait Hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which Hostility dimensions (e.g., expressive or cognitive Hostility) relate to MetS are not well known. Further, there may be age and sex differences in the extent to which Hostility dimensions relate to MetS. The present study evaluated associations between dimensions of Hostility and the metabolic syndrome and its individual components as well as the moderating effects of sex and age. Methods In a cross-sectional sample of 478 employed adults, a principal component analysis from common trait Hostility questionnaires yielded a two-factor solution: expressive Hostility (anger and aggression) and cognitive Hostility (cynicism). Each of these two components of Hostility was examined as predictors of each of two aggregated MetS outcomes: a dichotomous measure of MetS, based upon the NCEP-ATP III definition, and a continuous measure based upon the average of standardized scores for each component; and they were examined as predictors of individual MetS components as well. Results Expressive Hostility was associated with MetS severity ( b = 0.110, p = 0.04) and waist circumference ( b = 2.75, p = 0.01). Moderation analyses revealed that elevated expressive Hostility was associated with elevated waist circumference in women but not men. Cognitive Hostility was not related to any metabolic syndrome component or aggregated outcome, and no moderation was observed. Conclusions Among multiple individual components and two aggregated scores, only trait dispositions to expressed hostile affect and behavior were associated with MetS severity and waist circumference. The effects were small but statistically significant. The association between cognitive Hostility and metabolic syndrome measures may not be robust in a large sample of healthy, midlife adults.
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Hostility dimensions and metabolic syndrome in a healthy midlife sample
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2020Co-Authors: Mark C. Thomas, Thomas W. Kamarck, Aidan G. C. Wright, Karen A. Matthews, Matthew F. Muldoon, Stephen B. ManuckAbstract:Evidence links trait Hostility with components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors, but which Hostility dimensions (e.g., expressive or cognitive Hostility) relate to MetS are not well known. Further, there may be age and sex differences in the extent to which Hostility dimensions relate to MetS. The present study evaluated associations between dimensions of Hostility and the metabolic syndrome and its individual components as well as the moderating effects of sex and age. In a cross-sectional sample of 478 employed adults, a principal component analysis from common trait Hostility questionnaires yielded a two-factor solution: expressive Hostility (anger and aggression) and cognitive Hostility (cynicism). Each of these two components of Hostility was examined as predictors of each of two aggregated MetS outcomes: a dichotomous measure of MetS, based upon the NCEP-ATP III definition, and a continuous measure based upon the average of standardized scores for each component; and they were examined as predictors of individual MetS components as well. Expressive Hostility was associated with MetS severity (b = 0.110, p = 0.04) and waist circumference (b = 2.75, p = 0.01). Moderation analyses revealed that elevated expressive Hostility was associated with elevated waist circumference in women but not men. Cognitive Hostility was not related to any metabolic syndrome component or aggregated outcome, and no moderation was observed. Among multiple individual components and two aggregated scores, only trait dispositions to expressed hostile affect and behavior were associated with MetS severity and waist circumference. The effects were small but statistically significant. The association between cognitive Hostility and metabolic syndrome measures may not be robust in a large sample of healthy, midlife adults.
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Influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and hostile attitudes and behaviors.
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 1992Co-Authors: Karen A. Matthews, Stephen B. Manuck, Karen L. Woodall, T. O. Engebretson, Barbara S. Mccann, Catherine M. Stoney, P. G. SaabAbstract:We describe the influence of age, sex, and family on Type A and Hostility indices that have been related to rates of coronary heart disease (CHD). The sample consisted of 120 girls and 95 boys (ages 6 to 18 years) and 141 women and 120 men (ages 31 to 62 years) from 142 families residing in an upper middle class community. Results showed little familial aggregation of Type A and Hostility. Adults had higher Structured Interview (SI) Potential for Hostility ratings than did children, whereas children had higher Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-derived Hostility scores and SI Anger-In ratings than did adults. Male adults and male children had higher SI Potential for Hostility ratings and MMPI-derived Hostility scores than did their female counterparts. The heightened Hostility of males may account, in part, for their heightened risk of CHD relative to females'.
Gloria Cowan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Women's Hostility Toward Women
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1998Co-Authors: Gloria Cowan, Charlene Neighbors, Jann Delamoreaux, Catherine BehnkeAbstract:Three studies investigating the self-report correlates of women's Hostility toward other women were conducted among a total of 477 college women. In Study 1, Hostility toward women was negatively associated with both personal and collective self-esteem and positively associated with Hostility toward men, controlling for state anger. In Study 2, Hostility toward women was negatively associated with self-efficacy and age and positively associated with emotional dependence on men, but not with self-identification as a feminist or support of the feminist movement. In Study 3, women's Hostility toward women was negatively associated with measures of intimacy and life satisfaction and positively associated with acceptance of interpersonal violence. We suggest that women's Hostility toward other women not only is an important aspect of women's personal satisfaction, happiness, intimacy, and self-esteem, but also may serve as a barrier to women's progress as a group.
Karina W. Davidson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Men's and Women's Hostility Is Perceived Differently
Journal of Research in Personality, 2000Co-Authors: Michael Wm. Macgregor, Karina W. DavidsonAbstract:Abstract Popular belief holds that women talk and men act when experiencing a negative emotion. The current study examined whether this belief might influence Hostility perceptions even when men and women express Hostility in identical ways. Two male and two female actors were trained to express high levels of both verbal and nonverbal Hostility during the Type A Structured Interview (SI; Rosenman, 1978). Interviewer and actor gender was crossed, resulting in four videotaped interviews representing all possible interviewer/actor gender combinations. Trained male and female coders, who were blind to the experimental hypotheses, rated the actors as displaying identical levels of hostile verbal and nonverbal expression. One hundred five male and 116 female Caucasian undergraduate participants then rated the four videotaped interviews for Hostility expression levels in a counterbalanced order. Main effects were found for actor gender; female actors were rated as significantly more nonverbally hostile and as less verbally hostile than male actors. No main effects were found for either participant or interviewer gender. It may be that when women display nonverbal Hostility, and men display verbal Hostility, they are perceived as violating social expectancies and rules, and these deviations from gender-specific expectancies result in a perception of increased Hostility.
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Coder gender and potential for Hostility ratings.
Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 1996Co-Authors: Karina W. Davidson, Michael William Macgregor, David R. Maclean, Nicola Mcdermott, Jane Farquharson, William F. ChaplinAbstract:This study examined the effects of coder gender on Potential for Hostility ratings. Six trained coders (3 men and 3 women) who were unaware of the coder gender effect hypothesis coded 30 male and 30 female undergraduates for Potential for Hostility. Although reliability estimates as calculated by Cronbach's alpha suggested that all coders were consistent, an analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for coder gender, wherein female coders rated participants as displaying significantly less Potential for Hostility than did male coders. This significant difference was also meaningful, as coder gender accounted for 32% of the variance in Potential for Hostility scores. Thus, future Potential for Hostility investigations need to consider the gender of those coding, as this factor both significantly and substantially influences reported Potential for Hostility ratings.
