The Experts below are selected from a list of 42 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Shigeo Iijima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sporadic isolated congenital asplenia with fulminant pneumococcal meningitis: a case report and updated literature review
    BMC Infectious Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shigeo Iijima
    Abstract:

    Background Isolated congenital asplenia (ICA) is a rare and life-threatening condition that predisposes patients to severe bacterial infections. Most of the reported cases are familial and the mode of inheritance is usually autosomal dominant. Here, we report a case of sporadic isolated asplenia and review the literature while focusing on sporadic cases. Case presentation We report the case of an 11-month-old female infant who developed fulminant pneumococcal meningitis. The pneumococcal vaccine-unimmunized patient was hospitalized with fever, irritability, and purpura, and was diagnosed as having meningitis, septic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from both cerebrospinal fluid and blood. She was successfully treated with prompt antibiotic therapy. During hospitalization, abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography findings, scintigraphy results, and Howell-Jolly Body-containing red blood cells indicated the presence of asplenia without any visceroarterial anomalies. Moreover, the findings of peripheral blood smears and spleen ultrasonographic examinations of her parents were normal. Conclusions Majority of sporadic ICA cases were detected only after the onset of overwhelming infection and had a high mortality. In cases of severe invasive pneumococcal disease, a systematic search for Howell-Jolly bodies on blood smears and the presence of asplenia on abdominal imaging are essential for detecting ICA even in the absence of any family history. After the diagnosis of ICA, patient and parent education, vaccinations, antibiotic prophylaxis, and prompt empiric treatment of febrile episode should be provided.

  • Sporadic isolated congenital asplenia with fulminant pneumococcal meningitis: a case report and updated literature review
    BMC Infectious Diseases, 2017
    Co-Authors: Shigeo Iijima
    Abstract:

    Isolated congenital asplenia (ICA) is a rare and life-threatening condition that predisposes patients to severe bacterial infections. Most of the reported cases are familial and the mode of inheritance is usually autosomal dominant. Here, we report a case of sporadic isolated asplenia and review the literature while focusing on sporadic cases. We report the case of an 11-month-old female infant who developed fulminant pneumococcal meningitis. The pneumococcal vaccine-unimmunized patient was hospitalized with fever, irritability, and purpura, and was diagnosed as having meningitis, septic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from both cerebrospinal fluid and blood. She was successfully treated with prompt antibiotic therapy. During hospitalization, abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography findings, scintigraphy results, and Howell-Jolly Body-containing red blood cells indicated the presence of asplenia without any visceroarterial anomalies. Moreover, the findings of peripheral blood smears and spleen ultrasonographic examinations of her parents were normal. Majority of sporadic ICA cases were detected only after the onset of overwhelming infection and had a high mortality. In cases of severe invasive pneumococcal disease, a systematic search for Howell-Jolly bodies on blood smears and the presence of asplenia on abdominal imaging are essential for detecting ICA even in the absence of any family history. After the diagnosis of ICA, patient and parent education, vaccinations, antibiotic prophylaxis, and prompt empiric treatment of febrile episode should be provided.

Helen Moriarty - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Organophosphate-based pesticides and bladder cancer
    Australasian epidemiologist, 2020
    Co-Authors: Geoff Mckenzie, Lucy Webster, Helen Moriarty, E Haworth, J Kent
    Abstract:

    Many adverse physical effects have been reported after organophosphate-based pesticide exposure. Given the current trends of meagre attention to low-level chemical exposure, this investigation evaluated four methods and undertook a pilot study of safe-handling practices among a group of workers with occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides in the Riverina area, Australia. Blood samples were studied from ten farmers before and after occupational exposure to the pesticides and from five unexposed controls; 67 questionnaires on safe-handling practices were evaluated. The cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). A significant increase in Howell jolly bodies within red blood cells was observed (p=0.001). Chromosome breakage (fragile site) studies on routine blood cultures and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (p=0.004 and p=0.0006 respectively). Howell jolly Body and chromosome breakage analysis are sensitive indicators of cell nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphates, leading to bladder cancer. The enumeration of Howell Jolly bodies has emerged as a potential screening test. No farmer abided by recommended safety procedures. Safe handling practices may need to be reevaluated in order to increase compliance. (author abstract)

  • Organophosphate-based pesticides and genetic damage implicated in bladder cancer.
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lucy Webster, Geoff Mckenzie, Helen Moriarty
    Abstract:

    Organophosphate-based pesticides have been associated with pathology and chromosomal damage in humans. There are also epidemiologic links with cancer. The few screening tests for low-level occupational exposure are of doubtful sensitivity; this investigation evaluated four methods. Blood samples were studied from 10 farmers before and after occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides and five unexposed controls. The standard cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). However, a significant increase in Howell-Jolly bodies within erythrocytes was observed (P=0.001). Cytogenetic studies on routine and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (P=0.004 and P=0.0006, respectively). We concluded that Howell-Jolly Body and fragile site analysis were sensitive indicators of nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphate. Such nuclear damage could be implicated in carcinogenesis. The development of bladder cancer is one such example.

Amer Wahed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Prevalence of Howell-Jolly Body-like inclusions in HIV patients and their correlation with CD4 counts and HIV RNA viral load.
    Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science, 2020
    Co-Authors: Brian N. Chang, Nghia D. Nguyen, Richard S.p. Huang, Amitava Dasgupta, Amer Wahed
    Abstract:

    : Previous reports have described the rare occurrence of detached nuclear fragments resembling Howell-Jolly bodies within neutrophils from HIV patients, organ-transplant recipients, and patients on immunosuppressive drugs. To date, their potential clinical significance is unknown, and pathologists tend to disregard their presence. Our study sought to find a correlation between these inclusions and the overall disease state, specifically within the HIV patient population. Eighty-three peripheral smears, all from different patients, were examined for the presence of inclusions and compared with recent CD4 counts and HIV RNA viral loads. Six cases contained inclusions, yielding a prevalence of 7.2%. These six patients had a mean CD4 count of 546±305 cells/μL compared to 247±242 cells/μL in those lacking inclusions (p

  • Howell-Jolly Body–Like Inclusions in Neutrophils of Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Novel Correlation
    Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 2018
    Co-Authors: Yi Tat Tong, Nghia D. Nguyen, Amer Wahed
    Abstract:

    Context.— Howell-Jolly Body–like inclusions have been previously associated with patients who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected, taking antiviral medications, and immunosuppressed. These inclusions appear in neutrophils and resemble Howell-Jolly bodies of normoblasts in abnormal erythropoiesis. In granulocytes, they are thought to represent detached nuclear fragments produced from dysplastic granulopoiesis. To the best of our knowledge, no association of Howell-Jolly Body–like inclusions and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been reported previously. Objective.— To establish an unprecedented correlation of Howell-Jolly Body–like inclusions in patients with MDS. Design.— Eleven bone marrow cases from patients diagnosed with MDS and 20 bone marrow cases with no significant pathologic alterations were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed medical record review was performed to ensure none of the patients had a history of HIV, or was taking immunosuppressants and/or antiviral medications. Results....

Geoff Mckenzie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Organophosphate-based pesticides and bladder cancer
    Australasian epidemiologist, 2020
    Co-Authors: Geoff Mckenzie, Lucy Webster, Helen Moriarty, E Haworth, J Kent
    Abstract:

    Many adverse physical effects have been reported after organophosphate-based pesticide exposure. Given the current trends of meagre attention to low-level chemical exposure, this investigation evaluated four methods and undertook a pilot study of safe-handling practices among a group of workers with occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides in the Riverina area, Australia. Blood samples were studied from ten farmers before and after occupational exposure to the pesticides and from five unexposed controls; 67 questionnaires on safe-handling practices were evaluated. The cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). A significant increase in Howell jolly bodies within red blood cells was observed (p=0.001). Chromosome breakage (fragile site) studies on routine blood cultures and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (p=0.004 and p=0.0006 respectively). Howell jolly Body and chromosome breakage analysis are sensitive indicators of cell nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphates, leading to bladder cancer. The enumeration of Howell Jolly bodies has emerged as a potential screening test. No farmer abided by recommended safety procedures. Safe handling practices may need to be reevaluated in order to increase compliance. (author abstract)

  • Organophosphate-based pesticides and genetic damage implicated in bladder cancer.
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lucy Webster, Geoff Mckenzie, Helen Moriarty
    Abstract:

    Organophosphate-based pesticides have been associated with pathology and chromosomal damage in humans. There are also epidemiologic links with cancer. The few screening tests for low-level occupational exposure are of doubtful sensitivity; this investigation evaluated four methods. Blood samples were studied from 10 farmers before and after occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides and five unexposed controls. The standard cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). However, a significant increase in Howell-Jolly bodies within erythrocytes was observed (P=0.001). Cytogenetic studies on routine and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (P=0.004 and P=0.0006, respectively). We concluded that Howell-Jolly Body and fragile site analysis were sensitive indicators of nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphate. Such nuclear damage could be implicated in carcinogenesis. The development of bladder cancer is one such example.

Lucy Webster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Organophosphate-based pesticides and bladder cancer
    Australasian epidemiologist, 2020
    Co-Authors: Geoff Mckenzie, Lucy Webster, Helen Moriarty, E Haworth, J Kent
    Abstract:

    Many adverse physical effects have been reported after organophosphate-based pesticide exposure. Given the current trends of meagre attention to low-level chemical exposure, this investigation evaluated four methods and undertook a pilot study of safe-handling practices among a group of workers with occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides in the Riverina area, Australia. Blood samples were studied from ten farmers before and after occupational exposure to the pesticides and from five unexposed controls; 67 questionnaires on safe-handling practices were evaluated. The cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). A significant increase in Howell jolly bodies within red blood cells was observed (p=0.001). Chromosome breakage (fragile site) studies on routine blood cultures and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (p=0.004 and p=0.0006 respectively). Howell jolly Body and chromosome breakage analysis are sensitive indicators of cell nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphates, leading to bladder cancer. The enumeration of Howell Jolly bodies has emerged as a potential screening test. No farmer abided by recommended safety procedures. Safe handling practices may need to be reevaluated in order to increase compliance. (author abstract)

  • Organophosphate-based pesticides and genetic damage implicated in bladder cancer.
    Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, 2002
    Co-Authors: Lucy Webster, Geoff Mckenzie, Helen Moriarty
    Abstract:

    Organophosphate-based pesticides have been associated with pathology and chromosomal damage in humans. There are also epidemiologic links with cancer. The few screening tests for low-level occupational exposure are of doubtful sensitivity; this investigation evaluated four methods. Blood samples were studied from 10 farmers before and after occupational exposure to organophosphate-based pesticides and five unexposed controls. The standard cholinesterase test was insensitive to the exposure (P=0.815). However, a significant increase in Howell-Jolly bodies within erythrocytes was observed (P=0.001). Cytogenetic studies on routine and aphidicolin-induced blood cultures revealed that following organophosphate exposure the total number of gaps and breaks on human chromosomes was significantly increased (P=0.004 and P=0.0006, respectively). We concluded that Howell-Jolly Body and fragile site analysis were sensitive indicators of nuclear damage resulting from low-level occupational exposure to organophosphate. Such nuclear damage could be implicated in carcinogenesis. The development of bladder cancer is one such example.