The Experts below are selected from a list of 383835 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Claudia Bolognesi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genotoxicity of Pesticides a review of human biomonitoring studies
Mutation Research-reviews in Mutation Research, 2003Co-Authors: Claudia BolognesiAbstract:Abstract Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals specifically designed for the control of pests, weeds or plant diseases. Pesticides have been considered potential chemical mutagens: experimental data revealed that various agrochemical ingredients possess mutagenic properties inducing mutations, chromosomal alterations or DNA damage. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk deriving from an integrated exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals. Studies available in scientific literature have essentially focused on cytogenetic end-points to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of Pesticides in occupationally exposed populations, including pesticide manufacturing workers, pesticide applicators, floriculturists and farm workers. A positive association between occupational exposure to complex pesticide mixtures and the presence of chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) has been detected in the majority of the studies, although a number of these failed to detect cytogenetic damage. Conflicting results from cytogenetic studies reflect the heterogeneity of the groups studied with regard to chemicals used and exposure conditions. Genetic damage associated with Pesticides occurs in human populations subject to high exposure levels due to intensive use, misuse or failure of control measures. The majority of studies on cytogenetic biomarkers in pesticide-exposed workers have indicated some dose-dependent effects, with increasing duration or intensity of exposure. Chromosomal damage induced by Pesticides appears to have been transient in acute or discontinuous exposure, but cumulative in continuous exposure to complex agrochemical mixtures. Data available at present on the effect of genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to Pesticides does not allow any conclusion.
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Genotoxicity of Pesticides: A review of human biomonitoring studies
Mutation Research - Reviews in Mutation Research, 2003Co-Authors: Claudia BolognesiAbstract:Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals specifically designed for the control of pests, weeds or plant diseases. Pesticides have been considered potential chemical mutagens: experimental data revealed that various agrochemical ingredients possess mutagenic properties inducing mutations, chromosomal alterations or DNA damage. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk deriving from an integrated exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals. Studies available in scientific literature have essentially focused on cytogenetic end-points to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of Pesticides in occupationally exposed populations, including pesticide manufacturing workers, pesticide applicators, floriculturists and farm workers. A positive association between occupational exposure to complex pesticide mixtures and the presence of chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) has been detected in the majority of the studies, although a number of these failed to detect cytogenetic damage. Conflicting results from cytogenetic studies reflect the heterogeneity of the groups studied with regard to chemicals used and exposure conditions. Genetic damage associated with Pesticides occurs in human populations subject to high exposure levels due to intensive use, misuse or failure of control measures. The majority of studies on cytogenetic biomarkers in pesticide-exposed workers have indicated some dose-dependent effects, with increasing duration or intensity of exposure. Chromosomal damage induced by Pesticides appears to have been transient in acute or discontinuous exposure, but cumulative in continuous exposure to complex agrochemical mixtures. Data available at present on the effect of genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to Pesticides does not allow any conclusion. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Esteban F. Durán-lara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A review on pesticide removal through different processes
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2018Co-Authors: Adolfo Marican, Esteban F. Durán-laraAbstract:The main organic pollutants worldwide are Pesticides, persistent chemicals that are of concern owing to their prevalence in various ecosystems. In nature, pesticide remainders are subjected to the chemical, physical, and biochemical degradation process, but because of its elevated stability and some cases water solubility, the pesticide residues persist in the ecosystem. The removal of Pesticides has been performed through several techniques classified under biological, chemical, physical, and physicochemical process of remediation from different types of matrices, such as water and soil. This review provides a description of older and newer techniques and materials developed to remove specific Pesticides according to previous classification, which range from bioremediation with microorganisms, clay, activated carbon, and polymer materials to chemical treatment based on oxidation processes. Some types of Pesticides that have been removed successfully to large and small scale include, organophosphorus, carbamates, organochlorines, chlorophenols, and synthetic pyrethroids, among others. The most important characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of techniques and materials for removing Pesticides are described in this work.
Kulwant Singh Sandhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of handling and processing on pesticide residues in food- A review
Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Usha Bajwa, Kulwant Singh SandhuAbstract:Pesticides are one of the major inputs used for increasing agricultural productivity of crops. The pesticide residues, left to variable extent in the food materials after harvesting, are beyond the control of consumer and have deleterious effect on human health. The presence of pesticide residues is a major bottleneck in the international trade of food commodities. The localization of Pesticides in foods varies with the nature of pesticide molecule, type and portion of food material and environmental factors. The food crops treated with Pesticides invariably contain unpredictable amount of these chemicals, therefore, it becomes imperative to find out some alternatives for decontamination of foods. The washing with water or soaking in solutions of salt and some chemicals e.g. chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, ozone, acetic acid, hydroxy peracetic acid, iprodione and detergents are reported to be highly effective in reducing the level of Pesticides. Preparatory steps like peeling, trimming etc. remove the residues from outer portions. Various thermal processing treatments like pasteurization, blanching, boiling, cooking, steaming, canning, scrambling etc. have been found valuable in degradation of various Pesticides depending upon the type of pesticide and length of treatment. Preservation techniques like drying or dehydration and concentration increase the pesticide content many folds due to concentration effect. Many other techniques like refining, fermentation and curing have been reported to affect the pesticide level in foods to varied extent. Milling, baking, wine making, malting and brewing resulted in lowering of pesticide residue level in the end products. Post harvest treatments and cold storage have also been found effective. Many of the decontamination techniques bring down the concentration of Pesticides below MRL. However, the diminution effect depends upon the initial concentration at the time of harvest, substrate/food and type of pesticide. There is diversified information available in literature on the effect of preparation, processing and subsequent handling and storage of foods on pesticide residues which has been compiled in this article.
Sompon Wanwimolruk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food safety in Thailand 5: the effect of washing pesticide residues found in cabbages and tomatoes
Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 2017Co-Authors: Sompon Wanwimolruk, Kamonrat Phopin, Wanrudee Duangsuwan, Somchai BoonpangrakAbstract:Plant protection products including Pesticides are extensively used in worldwide agriculture. In order to protect consumer health, maximum residue limits (MRL) have been established in many countries and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. In Thailand, the MRL regulation exists but is not fully enforced. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine pesticide residues in cabbages and tomatoes sold in Thailand and to evaluate if washing vegetables by running water method can remove pesticide residues. 82 cabbage and 100 tomato samples were collected from markets in Bangkok and the metropolitan Bangkok area. They were extracted and quantitatively analyzed for 42 Pesticides by GC-MS/MS. Pesticide residues were detected in all of the cabbage samples, representing a rate of pesticide detection of 100%. These samples contained Pesticides at levels that exceeded the recommended MRL, denoting a 100% rate of MRL exceedance. Pesticide residues were also detected in all of tomato samples but incidence of MRL exceedance in tomato samples was 82%. Washing cabbages under running water significantly reduced carbofuran residues by 93% and dimethoate residues by 65% (p < 0.05). In contrast, the running water method did not significantly reduce pesticide residues (p > 0.05) in tomato samples. Therefore, this study has documented evidence of remarkable pesticide residues detected in the cabbage and tomato sold in Thailand. These strongly suggest that Thai government authorities should implement the proper routine monitoring program of pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. Washing vegetables before consumption is advisable as this considerably reduces the risk of exposure to pesticide residues.
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food safety in thailand 2 pesticide residues found in chinese kale brassica oleracea a commonly consumed vegetable in asian countries
Science of The Total Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Sompon Wanwimolruk, Onnicha Kanchanamayoon, Kamonrat Phopin, Virapong PrachayasittikulAbstract:Abstract There is increasing public concern over human health risks associated with extensive use of Pesticides in agriculture. Regulation of pesticide maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food commodities is established in many developed countries. For Thailand, this regulation exists in law but is not fully enforced. Therefore, pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits have not been well monitored. This study investigated the pesticide residues in Chinese kale, a commonly eaten vegetable among Asians. The Chinese kale samples (N = 117) were purchased from markets in Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand, and analyzed for the content of 28 Pesticides. Analysis was performed by the multiresidual extraction followed by GC–MS/MS. Of Pesticides investigated, 12 Pesticides were detected in 85% of the Chinese kale samples. Although carbaryl, deltamethrin, diazinon, fenvalerate and malathion were found in some samples, their levels were lower than their MRLs. However, in 34 samples tested, either carbofuran, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, cypermethrin, dimethoate, metalaxyl or profenofos was detected exceeding their MRLs. This represents a 29% rate of pesticide detection above the MRL; a rate much higher than in developed countries. Washing vegetables under running water significantly reduced (p
Melissa J Perry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental and occupational pesticide exposure and human sperm parameters a systematic review
Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Sheena E Martenies, Melissa J PerryAbstract:Abstract Of continuing concern are the associations between environmental or occupational exposures to Pesticides and semen quality parameters. Prior research has indicated that there may be associations between exposure to Pesticides of a variety of classes and decreased sperm health. The intent of this review was to summarize the most recent evidence related to pesticide exposures and commonly used semen quality parameters, including concentration, motility and morphology. The recent literature was searched for studies published between January 2007 and August 2012 that focused on environmental or occupational pesticide exposures. Included in the review are 17 studies, 15 of which reported significant associations between exposure to Pesticides and semen quality indicators. Two studies also investigated the roles genetic polymorphisms may play in the strength or directions of these associations. Specific Pesticides targeted for study included dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), and abamectin. Pyrethroids and organophosphates were analyzed as classes of Pesticides rather than as individual compounds, primarily due to the limitations of exposure assessment techniques. Overall, a majority of the studies reported significant associations between pesticide exposure and sperm parameters. A decrease in sperm concentration was the most commonly reported finding among all of the pesticide classes investigated. Decreased motility was also associated with exposures to each of the pesticide classes, although these findings were less frequent across studies. An association between pesticide exposure and sperm morphology was less clear, with only two studies reporting an association. The evidence presented in this review continues to support the hypothesis that exposures to Pesticides at environmentally or occupationally relevant levels may be associated with decreased sperm health. Future work in this area should focus on associations between specific Pesticides or metabolic products and sperm quality parameters. Analysis of effects of varying genetic characteristics, especially in genes related to pesticide metabolism, also needs further attention.