The Experts below are selected from a list of 225 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Michael J. Proulx - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Audio–Vision Substitution for Blind Individuals: Addressing Human Information Processing Capacity Limitations
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2016
    Co-Authors: David J. Brown, Michael J. Proulx
    Abstract:

    In this contribution, we consider the factors that influence the Information Processing capacity of the person using sensory substitution devices, and the influence of how the translated Information, here in audio, impacts performance. First, we review aspects of vision substitution by tactile and audio devices, and then we review key theory in Human Information Processing limitations to devise and test use of an audio–vision substitution device, The vOICe, for recognizing visual objects with audio substitution for vision. Participants heard sonifications of two-dimensional (2-D) images and had to match them to alternatives presented either in visual or tactile modalities. To assess whether capacity limits constrain performance, objects were either presented with all Information simultaneously (top and bottom as whole objects), or successively (top and bottom of the object one after the other). Performance was superior in the successive trials, indicative of a capacity limit in Processing the auditory Information. We discuss the implications for training protocols and design to provide a useful accessibility device for blind individuals.

  • Audio–Vision Substitution for Blind Individuals: Addressing Human Information Processing Capacity Limitations
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2016
    Co-Authors: David J. Brown, Michael J. Proulx
    Abstract:

    In this contribution, we consider the factors that influence the Information Processing capacity of the person using sensory substitution devices, and the influence of how the translated Information, here in audio, impacts performance. First, we review aspects of vision substitution by tactile and audio devices, and then we review key theory in Human Information Processing limitations to devise and test use of an audio-vision substitution device, The vOICe, for recognizing visual objects with audio substitution for vision. Participants heard sonifications of two-dimensional (2-D) images and had to match them to alternatives presented either in visual or tactile modalities. To assess whether capacity limits constrain performance, objects were either presented with all Information simultaneously (top and bottom as whole objects), or successively (top and bottom of the object one after the other). Performance was superior in the successive trials, indicative of a capacity limit in Processing the auditory Information. We discuss the implications for training protocols and design to provide a useful accessibility device for blind individuals.

David J. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Audio–Vision Substitution for Blind Individuals: Addressing Human Information Processing Capacity Limitations
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2016
    Co-Authors: David J. Brown, Michael J. Proulx
    Abstract:

    In this contribution, we consider the factors that influence the Information Processing capacity of the person using sensory substitution devices, and the influence of how the translated Information, here in audio, impacts performance. First, we review aspects of vision substitution by tactile and audio devices, and then we review key theory in Human Information Processing limitations to devise and test use of an audio–vision substitution device, The vOICe, for recognizing visual objects with audio substitution for vision. Participants heard sonifications of two-dimensional (2-D) images and had to match them to alternatives presented either in visual or tactile modalities. To assess whether capacity limits constrain performance, objects were either presented with all Information simultaneously (top and bottom as whole objects), or successively (top and bottom of the object one after the other). Performance was superior in the successive trials, indicative of a capacity limit in Processing the auditory Information. We discuss the implications for training protocols and design to provide a useful accessibility device for blind individuals.

  • Audio–Vision Substitution for Blind Individuals: Addressing Human Information Processing Capacity Limitations
    IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2016
    Co-Authors: David J. Brown, Michael J. Proulx
    Abstract:

    In this contribution, we consider the factors that influence the Information Processing capacity of the person using sensory substitution devices, and the influence of how the translated Information, here in audio, impacts performance. First, we review aspects of vision substitution by tactile and audio devices, and then we review key theory in Human Information Processing limitations to devise and test use of an audio-vision substitution device, The vOICe, for recognizing visual objects with audio substitution for vision. Participants heard sonifications of two-dimensional (2-D) images and had to match them to alternatives presented either in visual or tactile modalities. To assess whether capacity limits constrain performance, objects were either presented with all Information simultaneously (top and bottom as whole objects), or successively (top and bottom of the object one after the other). Performance was superior in the successive trials, indicative of a capacity limit in Processing the auditory Information. We discuss the implications for training protocols and design to provide a useful accessibility device for blind individuals.

R S Kahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • neurophysiological factors in Human Information Processing capacity
    Brain, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nick F Ramsey, J M Jansma, Gerry Jager, T Van Raalten, R S Kahn
    Abstract:

    What determines how well an individual can manage the complexity of Information Processing demands when several tasks have to be executed simultaneously? Various theoretical frameworks address the mechanisms of Information Processing and the changes that take place when processes become automated, and brain regions involved in various types of Information Processing have been identified, as well as sequences of events in the brain. The neurophysiological substrate of Human Information Processing capacity, i.e. the amount that can be processed simultaneously, is, however, unresolved, as is the basis of inter‐individual variability in capacity. Automatization of cognitive functions is known to increase capacity to process additional tasks, but behavioural indices of automatization are poor predictors of Processing capacity in individuals. Automatization also leads to a decline of brain activity in the working memory system. In this study, we test the hypothesis that Processing capacity is closely related to the way that the brain adjusts to practice of a single cognitive task, i.e. to the changes in neuronal activity that accompany automatization as measured with functional MRI (fMRI). Using a task that taxes the working memory system, and is sensitive to automatization, performance improved while activity in the network declined, as expected. The key finding is that the magnitude of automatization‐induced reduction of activity in this system was a strong predictor for the ability to perform two different working memory tasks simultaneously (after scanning). It explained 60% of the variation in Information Processing capacity across individuals. In contrast, the behavioural measures of automatization did not predict this. We postulate that automatization involves at least two partially independent neurophysiological mechanisms, i.e. (i) streamlining of neuronal communication which improves performance on a single task; and (ii) functional trimming of neuronal ensembles which enhances the capacity to accommodate Processing of additional tasks, potentially by facilitating rapid switching of instruction sets or contexts. Finally, this study shows that fMRI can provide Information that predicts behavioural output, which is not provided by overt behavioural measures.

Nick F Ramsey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • neurophysiological factors in Human Information Processing capacity
    Brain, 2003
    Co-Authors: Nick F Ramsey, J M Jansma, Gerry Jager, T Van Raalten, R S Kahn
    Abstract:

    What determines how well an individual can manage the complexity of Information Processing demands when several tasks have to be executed simultaneously? Various theoretical frameworks address the mechanisms of Information Processing and the changes that take place when processes become automated, and brain regions involved in various types of Information Processing have been identified, as well as sequences of events in the brain. The neurophysiological substrate of Human Information Processing capacity, i.e. the amount that can be processed simultaneously, is, however, unresolved, as is the basis of inter‐individual variability in capacity. Automatization of cognitive functions is known to increase capacity to process additional tasks, but behavioural indices of automatization are poor predictors of Processing capacity in individuals. Automatization also leads to a decline of brain activity in the working memory system. In this study, we test the hypothesis that Processing capacity is closely related to the way that the brain adjusts to practice of a single cognitive task, i.e. to the changes in neuronal activity that accompany automatization as measured with functional MRI (fMRI). Using a task that taxes the working memory system, and is sensitive to automatization, performance improved while activity in the network declined, as expected. The key finding is that the magnitude of automatization‐induced reduction of activity in this system was a strong predictor for the ability to perform two different working memory tasks simultaneously (after scanning). It explained 60% of the variation in Information Processing capacity across individuals. In contrast, the behavioural measures of automatization did not predict this. We postulate that automatization involves at least two partially independent neurophysiological mechanisms, i.e. (i) streamlining of neuronal communication which improves performance on a single task; and (ii) functional trimming of neuronal ensembles which enhances the capacity to accommodate Processing of additional tasks, potentially by facilitating rapid switching of instruction sets or contexts. Finally, this study shows that fMRI can provide Information that predicts behavioural output, which is not provided by overt behavioural measures.

Kim-phuong L. Vu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the cognitive revolution at age 50 has the promise of the Human Information Processing approach been fulfilled
    International Journal of Human-computer Interaction, 2006
    Co-Authors: Robert W. Proctor, Kim-phuong L. Vu
    Abstract:

    The cognitive revolution and the Human Information-Processing approach it adopted are now more than 50 years old. This article provides an overview of the history of Human Information Processing and its relation to Human factors and Human-computer interaction (HCI). Fundamental concepts and findings concerning Human Information Processing and their applications to HCI are summarized. The last half of the article discusses new developments and evaluates criticisms of Human Information Processing and alternative approaches that have been proposed. Our conclusion is that the Information-Processing approach has served psychology and HCI well, providing cumulative basic and applied knowledge in a variety of areas and a basis for integrating this knowledge. The approach continues to be a fruitful source of empirical and theoretical advances across a variety of disciplines.

  • The cognitive revolution at age 50: Has the promise of the Human Information-Processing approach been fulfilled?
    International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 2006
    Co-Authors: Robert W. Proctor, Kim-phuong L. Vu
    Abstract:

    The cognitive revolution and the Human Information-Processing approach\nit adopted are now more than 50 years old. This article provides\nan overview of the history of Human Information Processing and its\nrelation to Human factors and Human-computer interaction (HCI). Fundamental\nconcepts and findings concerning Human Information Processing and\ntheir applications to HCI are summarized. The last half of the article\ndiscusses new developments and evaluates criticisms of Human Information\nProcessing and alternative approaches that have been proposed. Our\nconclusion is that the Information-Processing approach has served\npsychology and HCI well, providing cumulative basic and applied knowledge\nin a variety of areas and a basis for integrating this knowledge.\nThe approach continues to be a fruitful source of empirical and theoretical\nadvances across a variety of disciplines. Copyright © 2006, Lawrence\nErlbaum Associates, Inc.