The Experts below are selected from a list of 27 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Tapani Hovi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • Sequence analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB>es in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region reveals large within-species variation.
    Journal of General Virology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Carita Savolainen, Pia Laine, Mick N. Mulders, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB>es (HRVs; family Picornaviridae), the most frequent causative agents of respiratory infections, comprise more than 100 distinct serotypes. According to previous phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2-coding sequences, all But one of the HRV prototype strains distriBute Between the two estaBlished species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Here, partial sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D polymerase)-coding gene of 48 HRV prototype strains and 12 field isolates were analysed. The designated division of the HRV strains into the species HRV-A and HRV-B was also seen in the 3D-coding region. Phylogenetically, HRV-B clustered closer to <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species HEV-B, HEV-C and poliovirus than to HRV-A. Intraspecies variation within Both HRV-A and HRV-B was greater in the 3D-coding region than in the VP4/VP2-coding region, with the difference maxima reaching 48 % at the nucleotide level and 36 % at the amino acid level in HRV-A and 53 and 35 %, respectively, in HRV-B. Within Both species, a few strains formed a separate cluster differing from the majority of strains as much as HEV-B from HEV-C. Furthermore, the tree topology within HRV-A differed from that for VP4/VP2, suggesting possiBle recomBination events in the evolutionary history of the strains. However, all 12 field isolates clustered similarly, as in the capsid region. These results showed that the within-species variation in the 3D region is greater in HRV than in HEV. Furthermore, HRV variation in the 3D region exceeds that in the capsid-coding region.

Pia Laine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • Sequence analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB>es in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region reveals large within-species variation.
    Journal of General Virology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Carita Savolainen, Pia Laine, Mick N. Mulders, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB>es (HRVs; family Picornaviridae), the most frequent causative agents of respiratory infections, comprise more than 100 distinct serotypes. According to previous phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2-coding sequences, all But one of the HRV prototype strains distriBute Between the two estaBlished species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Here, partial sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D polymerase)-coding gene of 48 HRV prototype strains and 12 field isolates were analysed. The designated division of the HRV strains into the species HRV-A and HRV-B was also seen in the 3D-coding region. Phylogenetically, HRV-B clustered closer to <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species HEV-B, HEV-C and poliovirus than to HRV-A. Intraspecies variation within Both HRV-A and HRV-B was greater in the 3D-coding region than in the VP4/VP2-coding region, with the difference maxima reaching 48 % at the nucleotide level and 36 % at the amino acid level in HRV-A and 53 and 35 %, respectively, in HRV-B. Within Both species, a few strains formed a separate cluster differing from the majority of strains as much as HEV-B from HEV-C. Furthermore, the tree topology within HRV-A differed from that for VP4/VP2, suggesting possiBle recomBination events in the evolutionary history of the strains. However, all 12 field isolates clustered similarly, as in the capsid region. These results showed that the within-species variation in the 3D region is greater in HRV than in HEV. Furthermore, HRV variation in the 3D region exceeds that in the capsid-coding region.

Carita Savolainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • Sequence analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB>es in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region reveals large within-species variation.
    Journal of General Virology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Carita Savolainen, Pia Laine, Mick N. Mulders, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB>es (HRVs; family Picornaviridae), the most frequent causative agents of respiratory infections, comprise more than 100 distinct serotypes. According to previous phylogenetic analysis of the VP4/VP2-coding sequences, all But one of the HRV prototype strains distriBute Between the two estaBlished species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Here, partial sequences of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3D polymerase)-coding gene of 48 HRV prototype strains and 12 field isolates were analysed. The designated division of the HRV strains into the species HRV-A and HRV-B was also seen in the 3D-coding region. Phylogenetically, HRV-B clustered closer to <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species HEV-B, HEV-C and poliovirus than to HRV-A. Intraspecies variation within Both HRV-A and HRV-B was greater in the 3D-coding region than in the VP4/VP2-coding region, with the difference maxima reaching 48 % at the nucleotide level and 36 % at the amino acid level in HRV-A and 53 and 35 %, respectively, in HRV-B. Within Both species, a few strains formed a separate cluster differing from the majority of strains as much as HEV-B from HEV-C. Furthermore, the tree topology within HRV-A differed from that for VP4/VP2, suggesting possiBle recomBination events in the evolutionary history of the strains. However, all 12 field isolates clustered similarly, as in the capsid region. These results showed that the within-species variation in the 3D region is greater in HRV than in HEV. Furthermore, HRV variation in the 3D region exceeds that in the capsid-coding region.

Soile Blomqvist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

  • phylogenetic analysis of <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> capsid protein vp1 and 2a protease coding sequences confirms shared genus like relationships with <B>HumanB> enteroviruses
    Journal of General Virology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Pia Laine, Carita Savolainen, Soile Blomqvist, Tapani Hovi
    Abstract:

    Phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein VP1 coding sequences of all 101 <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> (HRV) prototype strains revealed two major genetic clusters, similar to that of the previously reported VP4/VP2 coding sequences, representing the estaBlished two species, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> A (HRV-A) and <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B (HRV-B). Pairwise nucleotide identities varied from 61 to 98 % within and from 46 to 55 % Between the two HRV species. Interserotypic sequence identities in Both HRV species were more variaBle than those within any <B>HumanB> enterovirus (HEV) species in the same family. This means that unequivocal serotype identification By VP1 sequence analysis used for HEV strains may not always Be possiBle for HRV isolates. On the other hand, a comprehensive insight into the relationships Between VP1 and partial 2A sequences of HRV and HEV revealed a genus-like situation. DistriBution of pairwise nucleotide identity values Between these genera varied from 41 to 54 % in the VP1 coding region, similar to those Between heterologous memBers of the two HRV species. Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed more fully conserved amino acid residues Between HRV-B and polioviruses than Between the two HRV species. In phylogenetic trees, where all HRVs and representatives from all HEV species were included, the two HRV species did not cluster together But Behaved like memBers of the same genus as the HEVs. In conclusion, from a phylogenetic point of view, there are no good reasons to keep these two <B>HumanB> picornavirus genera taxonomically separated.

A. Saalmüller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • antiviral activity in vitro of two preparations of the herBal medicinal product sinupret against viruses causing respiratory infections
    Phytomedicine, 2011
    Co-Authors: B Glatthaarsaalmuller, J. Haunschild, U Rauchhaus, S Rode, A. Saalmüller
    Abstract:

    Sinupret(®), a herBal medicinal product made from Gentian root, Primula flower, Elder flower, Sorrel herB, and VerBena herB is frequently used in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and respiratory viral infections such as common cold. To date little is known aBout its potential antiviral activity. Therefore experiments have Been performed to measure the antiviral activity of Sinupret(®) oral drops (hereinafter referred to as "oral drops") and Sinupret(®) dry extract (hereinafter referred to as "dry extract"), in vitro against a Broad panel of Both enveloped and non-enveloped <B>HumanB> pathogenic RNA and DNA viruses known to cause infections of the upper respiratory tract: influenza A, Chile 1/83 (H1N1) virus (FluA), Porcine Influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus (pFluA), parainfluenza type 3 virus (Para 3), respiratory syncytial virus, strain Long (RSV), <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B suBtype 14 (HRV 14), coxsackievirus suBtype A9 (CA9), and adenovirus C suBtype 5 (Adeno 5). Concentration-dependent antiviral activity (EC(50) Between 13.8 and 124.8 μg/ml) of Sinupret(®) was oBserved against RNA as well as DNA viruses independent of a viral envelope. RemarkaBle antiviral activity was shown against Adeno 5, HRV 14 and RSV in which dry extract was significantly superior to oral drops. This could Be ascertained with different assays as plaque-reduction assays in plaque forming units (PFU), the analyses of a cytopathogenic effect (CPE) and with enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) to determine the amount of newly synthesised virus. Our results demonstrate that Sinupret(®) shows a Broad spectrum of antiviral activity in vitro against viruses commonly known to cause respiratory infections.

  • Antiviral activity of a composition of Gentiana lutea L., Primula veris L., SamBucus nigra L., Rumex spec. and VerBena officinalis L. (Sinupret®) against viruses causing respiratory infections
    European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 2009
    Co-Authors: B. Glatthaar, A. Saalmüller, J. Haunschild, A. Amon
    Abstract:

    Sinupret ® , an aqueous-ethanolic extract from five plants, Gentiana lutea L., Primula veris L., SamBucus nigra L., Rumex spec. and VerBena officinalis L., is frequently used in the treatment of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis and respiratory viral infections such as common cold. To date little is known aBout Basic mechanisms of its potential antiviral activity. Therefore experiments have Been performed for the detection of its antiviral activity against a Broad panel of <B>HumanB> pathogenic enveloped and non-enveloped RNA and DNA viruses causing infections of the upper respiratory tract: influenza A virus, parainfluenza virus, <B>HumanB> <B>RhinovirusB> B, coxsackievirus, adenovirus C, and respiratory syncytial virus. Determination of virus production was performed after treatment of the infected cells with non-toxic concentrations of the commercially availaBle product using plaque-reduction assays, analyses of cytopathogenic effects and ELISAs for viral proteins. Antiviral activity of Sinupret ® could Be detected independent of the type of the viruses in RNA as well as in DNA virus infected cell cultures and also against coated and uncoated viruses. A very strong inhiBitory activity was oBvious against adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus infections. These results demonstrate that Sinupret ® showed a Broad antiviral activity which Basic mechanisms are still unclear. This has to Be elucidated in further studies.