The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Yu Fukasawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of wood decomposer fungi on tree seedling establishment on coarse woody debris
    Forest Ecology and Management, 2012
    Co-Authors: Yu Fukasawa
    Abstract:

    Abstract Although decomposer fungi have been recognized to play important roles in forest carbon and nutrient cycling as well as soil Humus Formation, their effects on forest dynamics, such as tree regeneration, are far less well understood than the effects of symbiotic and pathogenic fungi. In this study, I focused on tree regeneration on fallen woody debris, “nurse logs”. I examined the effects of wood decomposer fungi on species composition and population densities of tree seedlings (height Clethra barbinervis (Ericales) were found to be preferentially established on rotting fallen logs of the Japanese red pine Pinus densiflora . C. barbinervis seedling establishment was considerably reduced on soil probably because there were impediments to colonization on the ground, such as the thick litter layer, which was less well developed on logs. In contrast, larger-seeded species such as Aphananthe aspera , Carpinus spp., Quercus serrata , and Rhus trichocarpa preferentially established on soil. Characteristics of wood decomposition by fungi varied among logs, and this variability significantly influenced C. barbinervis seedling density. Seedling density was significantly higher on brown-rotted logs than that on logs belonging to other decay types. Wood pH was lower in brown-rotted logs than that in logs belonging to other decay types and was negatively correlated with seedling density. Thus, pine coarse woody debris and the functional diversity of wood inhabiting fungi influence the establishment of diverse tree seedlings in this abandoned Japanese coppice forest.

Björn Berg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Origin and Structure of Secondary Organic Matter and Sequestration of C and N
    Advances in Ecological Research, 2005
    Co-Authors: Björn Berg, Ryszard Laskowski
    Abstract:

    Publisher Summary There are numerous definitions of the concept ‘‘Humus'’ and the one adopted is not uncontroversial. This definition is widely accepted and appears to fit well with the concepts of litter decomposition and Humus Formation. The stabilized part of the soil organic matter or stabilized Humus is organic matter that has lost not only the original fiber and tissue structure but also has a modified chemical structure, is relatively resistant to decomposition, and is present either in an organic layer on top of the mineral soil or mixed with mineral soil. This chapter describes and discusses soil organic matter (SOM) using the stated definitions. It first presents a traditional separation of SOM into the subgroups fulvic acids, humic acids, and humins, then it discusses secondary organic matter, and later Humus buildup, quantified as sequestration of SOM (C), and finally, comments on the stability and decomposition of Humus. SOM has been described and discussed using the already stated definition. The chapter uses the terminology and definitions for Humus and soil organic matter suggested by Waksman et al.

  • plant litter decomposition Humus Formation carbon sequestration
    2003
    Co-Authors: Björn Berg, Charles Mcclaugherty
    Abstract:

    Introduction.- Decomposition as a process - some main features.- Decomposer organisms.- Initial litter chemical composition.- Changes in substrate composition during decomposition.- Chemical constituents as rate regulating: initial variation and changes during decomposition. New and traditional analytical techniques.- Climatic environment.- Decomposition of fine root and woody litter.- Models that describe litter decomposition.- Some possible influences on decomposition pattern, regression model, stable fraction and C sequestration.- Does Humus accumulate and where? What factors may influence? Estimating carbon sequestration rates on a regional scale.

  • Litter decomposition, climate and liter quality.
    Trends in ecology & evolution, 1995
    Co-Authors: Marie-madeleine Couˆteaux, Pierre Bottner, Björn Berg
    Abstract:

    Litter decomposition is controlled by three main factors: climate, litter quality and the nature and abundance of the decomposing organisms. Climate is the dominant factor in areas subjected to unfavourable weather conditions, whereas litter quality largely prevails as the regulator under favourable conditions. Litter quality remains important until the late decomposition stages through its effects on Humus Formation. Interest in the role of litter decomposition in the global carbon cycle has increased recently since (1) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide will probably affect the chemical quality of litter (especially nitrogen content), and (2) global warming may enhance decomposition rates.

Mitsuo Urabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

L V Anilova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Physical properties of ordinary chernozems in steppe landscapes adjacent to forests
    Eurasian Soil Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: A M Rusanov, E. Yu. Milanovskii, Yu. P. Verkhoshentseva, S. B. Voropaev, L V Anilova
    Abstract:

    The spatial changes in the ecological conditions of the Humus Formation; the Humus content and reserves and its fractional-group composition and amphiphilic properties; and the structure, density, and water absorption coefficient of ordinary chernozems were studied on nine key plots at distances of 34 and 2 km from two forest massifs of different sizes—the Buzuluk Bor (111 000 ha) and a small birch grove (25 ha)—in the steppe zone of the Cis-Ural region. With an increase in the distance from the forests, the soil Humus reserves decrease, the Cha/Cfa ratio becomes larger, and the portion of hydrophilic and amphiphilicneutral fractions in the soil organic matter increases. In the same direction, the structure coefficient decreases (from 2.5–3.7 to 1.5–2.2), the soil density gradually increases, and the water permeability decreases and remains within the optimal values range.

  • ecological aspects of Humus Formation and dynamics in virgin and plowed chernozem soils of the cisural region
    Russian Journal of Ecology, 2009
    Co-Authors: A M Rusanov, L V Anilova
    Abstract:

    An attempt has been made to make a comprehensive assessment of biological factors in the ecology of Humus Formation in forest-steppe and steppe chernozem soils of the Cisural region. Certain regional features in the effect of vegetation structure and composition and soil microbial and enzymatic activities on the Humus state of zonal chernozem subtypes in virgin and plowed landscapes have been revealed.

  • The Humus Formation and Humus in forest-steppe and steppe chernozems of the southern Cisural region
    Eurasian Soil Science, 2009
    Co-Authors: A M Rusanov, L V Anilova
    Abstract:

    The ecological features of the Humus Formation in typical, ordinary, and southern chernozems of the Orenburg Cisural region were considered. The fractional-group composition and amphiphilic properties of the forest-steppe and steppe chernozem subtypes were studied in relation to the dynamics of the hydrothermal regime, the vegetation, and the biological (enzymatic) activity of these zonal soils. The particular properties of the Humus in virgin and arable landscapes were established. Arguments were presented for the probable existence of a genetically controlled relationship between the fractional-group composition of the Humus and its amphiphilic properties

V. G. Mordkovich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Zoological diagnostics of soils: Imperatives, purposes, and place within soil zoology and pedology
    Biology Bulletin Reviews, 2014
    Co-Authors: V. G. Mordkovich
    Abstract:

    The zoological diagnostics of soils was conceived by M.S. Ghilyarov as a branch of soil zoology closely related to pedology. He considered zoo agents as an environmental factor, one among many others, of soil Formation. Contemporary soil diagnostics pursues mostly utilitarian goals and is based on the conservative properties of the stable component of the soil substrate. However, it is recognized that these properties are generated by specific combinations of biological, chemical, and physical phenomena referred to as elementary soil processes (ESPs) and occur nowhere but in soils. Certain ESPs are associated with distinctive combinations of biota, including invertebrates. Acting as producers of detritus and contributing to the Humus Formation necessary for starting any ESP, pedobionts are an active participant. Therefore, animals, being the most complex and active component of the ESP system, may be treated not only as its indicators but also as its navigators. The monitoring and study of ESPs in the soil are complicated because of the inevitable disturbance of the native soil profile. Zooagents can be registered without changing their habitats. With consideration of the ecological potency of the soil invertebrates participating in an ESP, the spectra of their ecogroups and life forms, and the results of their activity, the state of soil can be diagnosed at any developmental stage of ESPs occurring in different combinations and in different regions or parts of natural environmental gradients.