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Salvatore Lorefice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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DRAFT B- REPORT OF THE BILATERAL COMPARISON OF THE CALIBRATIONS OF Hydrometers FOR LIQUID DENSITY DETERMINATION BETWEEN CENAM-
2015Co-Authors: Luis Omar Becerra, Salvatore LoreficeAbstract:Hydrometers are instruments usually made of glass that are widely used for different levels of precision to measure density, specific gravity, alcoholic strength, sugar concentration, milk density, etc., of a liquid
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EUROMET.M.D-K4/EUROMET Project 702: Comparison of the calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, M Do Céu Ferreira, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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euromet m d k4 euromet project 702 comparison of the calibrations of high resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Do Ceu M Ferreira, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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Calibration of Hydrometers
Measurement Science and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Andrea MalengoAbstract:After a brief description of the different methods employed in periodic calibration of Hydrometers used in most cases to measure the density of liquids in the range between 500 kg m−3 and 2000 kg m−3, particular emphasis is given to the multipoint procedure based on hydrostatic weighing, known as well as Cuckow's method. The features of the calibration apparatus and the procedure used at the INRiM (formerly IMGC-CNR) density laboratory have been considered to assess all relevant contributions involved in the calibration of different kinds of Hydrometers. The uncertainty is strongly dependent on the kind of hydrometer; in particular, the results highlight the importance of the density of the reference buoyant liquid, the temperature of calibration and the skill of operator in the reading of the scale in the whole assessment of the uncertainty. It is also interesting to realize that for high-resolution Hydrometers (division of 0.1 kg m−3), the uncertainty contribution of the density of the reference liquid is the main source of the total uncertainty, but its importance falls under about 50% for Hydrometers with a division of 0.5 kg m−3 and becomes somewhat negligible for Hydrometers with a division of 1 kg m−3, for which the reading uncertainty is the predominant part of the total uncertainty. At present the best INRiM result is obtained with commercially available Hydrometers having a scale division of 0.1 kg m−3, for which the relative uncertainty is about 12 × 10−6.
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An image processing approach to calibration of Hydrometers
Metrologia, 2004Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Andrea MalengoAbstract:The usual method adopted for multipoint calibration of glass Hydrometers is based on the measurement of the buoyancy by hydrostatic weighing when the hydrometer is plunged in a reference liquid up to the scale mark to be calibrated.An image processing approach is proposed by the authors to align the relevant scale mark with the reference liquid surface level. The method uses image analysis with a data processing technique and takes into account the perspective error. For this purpose a CCD camera with a pixel matrix of 604H × 576V and a lens of 16 mm focal length were used.High accuracy in the hydrometer reading was obtained as the resulting reading uncertainty was lower than 0.02 mm, about a fifth of the usual figure with the visual reading made by an operator.
Christian Buchner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EUROMET.M.D-K4/EUROMET Project 702: Comparison of the calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, M Do Céu Ferreira, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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euromet m d k4 euromet project 702 comparison of the calibrations of high resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Do Ceu M Ferreira, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
Martti Heinonen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EUROMET.M.D-K4/EUROMET Project 702: Comparison of the calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, M Do Céu Ferreira, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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euromet m d k4 euromet project 702 comparison of the calibrations of high resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Do Ceu M Ferreira, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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The effect of density gradients on Hydrometers
Measurement Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Martti Heinonen, Sampo SillanpääAbstract:Hydrometers are simple but effective instruments for measuring the density of liquids. In this work, we studied the effect of non-uniform density of liquid on a hydrometer reading. The effect induced by vertical temperature gradients was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A method for compensating for the effect mathematically was developed and tested with experimental data obtained with the MIKES hydrometer calibration system. In the tests, the method was found reliable. However, the reliability depends on the available information on the hydrometer dimensions and density gradients.
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Bilateral comparisons of hydrometer calibrations between the IMGC-LNE and the IMGC-MIKES
Metrologia, 2000Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, T MadecAbstract:The Istituto di Metrologia G. Colonnetti (IMGC, Italy), the Laboratoire National d'Essais (LNE, France) and the Mittatekniikan Keskus (MIKES, Finland) support primary calibration facilities used both for liquid density measurements and for hydrometer calibrations. In 1998, two independent bilateral comparisons of the calibration of standard Hydrometers were carried out between the IMGC and the LNE and between the IMGC and the MIKES, the main purpose being to assess the present state of mutual compatibility in the density range 600 kg/m3 to 2000 kg/m3 among the three laboratories. The results show agreement within the uncertainties declared by the laboratories, although the MIKES measurements are in general 0.2 kg/m3 lower than those of the IMGC and the LNE measurements are systematically 0.04 kg/m3 higher than those of the IMGC. Both differences are smaller than half of the least-scale division of the transfer hydrometer used.
Andrea Malengo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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EUROMET.M.D-K4/EUROMET Project 702: Comparison of the calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, M Do Céu Ferreira, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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euromet m d k4 euromet project 702 comparison of the calibrations of high resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determinations
Metrologia, 2008Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Martti Heinonen, Andrea Malengo, Csilla Vámossy, Horst Bettin, H. Toth, André Gosset, Tanguy Madec, Do Ceu M Ferreira, Christian BuchnerAbstract:The main objective of the EUROMET project 702 was to compare the extent of comparability among eleven participating European national metrology institutes (INRIM (IT), OMH (HU), PTB (DE), BEV (AT), IPQ (PT), LNE (FR), MIKES (FI), GUM (PL), SMU (SK), UME (TR) and VNIIM (RU)) in performing calibrations of high-resolution Hydrometers for liquid density determination in the range between 600 kg m-3 and 1300 kg m-3. By means of two groups of four similar transfer standards of excellent metrological characteristics, the participating laboratories were initially divided into two groups (petals) linked by the three density laboratories of INRIM, OMH and PTB. The results of the participating laboratories have been analyzed in this report and a good agreement was found between the results provided by most of the participants. These results allowed also determination of the degrees of equivalence of each NMI participating with the EUROMET_key comparison reference values (EU_KCRV); they will provide a basis for the review of the Calibration Measurement Capabilities (CMC) entries on hydrometer calibration, and they allowed the degree of equivalence between pairs of NMIs to be established. The Istitituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Italy, formerly IMGC-CNR, coordinated the project. Main text. To reach the main text of this Paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
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Calibration of Hydrometers
Measurement Science and Technology, 2006Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Andrea MalengoAbstract:After a brief description of the different methods employed in periodic calibration of Hydrometers used in most cases to measure the density of liquids in the range between 500 kg m−3 and 2000 kg m−3, particular emphasis is given to the multipoint procedure based on hydrostatic weighing, known as well as Cuckow's method. The features of the calibration apparatus and the procedure used at the INRiM (formerly IMGC-CNR) density laboratory have been considered to assess all relevant contributions involved in the calibration of different kinds of Hydrometers. The uncertainty is strongly dependent on the kind of hydrometer; in particular, the results highlight the importance of the density of the reference buoyant liquid, the temperature of calibration and the skill of operator in the reading of the scale in the whole assessment of the uncertainty. It is also interesting to realize that for high-resolution Hydrometers (division of 0.1 kg m−3), the uncertainty contribution of the density of the reference liquid is the main source of the total uncertainty, but its importance falls under about 50% for Hydrometers with a division of 0.5 kg m−3 and becomes somewhat negligible for Hydrometers with a division of 1 kg m−3, for which the reading uncertainty is the predominant part of the total uncertainty. At present the best INRiM result is obtained with commercially available Hydrometers having a scale division of 0.1 kg m−3, for which the relative uncertainty is about 12 × 10−6.
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An image processing approach to calibration of Hydrometers
Metrologia, 2004Co-Authors: Salvatore Lorefice, Andrea MalengoAbstract:The usual method adopted for multipoint calibration of glass Hydrometers is based on the measurement of the buoyancy by hydrostatic weighing when the hydrometer is plunged in a reference liquid up to the scale mark to be calibrated.An image processing approach is proposed by the authors to align the relevant scale mark with the reference liquid surface level. The method uses image analysis with a data processing technique and takes into account the perspective error. For this purpose a CCD camera with a pixel matrix of 604H × 576V and a lens of 16 mm focal length were used.High accuracy in the hydrometer reading was obtained as the resulting reading uncertainty was lower than 0.02 mm, about a fifth of the usual figure with the visual reading made by an operator.
Ondrej Fiser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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4-year hydrometeor attenuation statistics obtained at 93 GHz on an 850 m terrestrial path
2011Co-Authors: Vaclav Kvicera, Martin Grabner, Ondrej FiserAbstract:The results of 4-year experimental research of hydrometeor attenuation at 93 GHz on an 850 m terrestrial path are presented. The obtained cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined, monthly cumulative distributions of attenuation combined over the 4-year period, cumulative distributions of attenuation due to the individual hydrometeors separately over the 4-year period, and the cumulative distributions of rain intensities are given. The influence of individual hydrometeors on attenuation is analysed. The obtained cumulative distribution of attenuation due to rain only is compared with the calculated one in accordance with the ITU-R recommendation.
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Comparison of hydrometeor attenuation on parallel terrestrial paths at 58 GHz and 93 GHz
2011 XXXth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium, 2011Co-Authors: Vaclav Kvicera, Martin Grabner, Ondrej FiserAbstract:The results of 3-year experimental research of attenuation due to hydrometeors at 58 GHz and 93 GHz parallel terrestrial paths are given. The obtained cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined, monthly cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors combined, cumulative distributions of attenuation due to the individual hydrometeors separately, and cumulative distributions of rain intensities are given. The influence of individual hydrometeors on attenuation is analysed. The obtained cumulative distribution of attenuation due to rain only is compared with the calculated one in accordance with the relevant ITU-R recommendations.
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Impact of hydrometeors on attenuation on parallel terrestrial paths at 58 GHz and 93 GHz
2009Co-Authors: Vaclav Kvicera, Martin Grabner, Ondrej FiserAbstract:The results of one year of experimental research of attenuation due to hydrometeors at 58 GHz and 93 GHz parallel terrestrial paths are given. The cumulative distribution of rain intensities, the cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all hydrometeors together and the cumulative distributions of attenuation due to individual hydrometeors are presented. The influence of individual hydrometeors on attenuation is analysed. The obtained cumulative distribution of attenuation due to rain only is compared with the calculated one in accordance with the relevant ITU-R recommendation. The results obtained are used to assess the availability performances of both radio systems.
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2-Year Results of Hydrometeor Attenuation Research at 93 GHz on an 850 m Terrestrial Path
2008 14th Conference on Microwave Techniques, 2008Co-Authors: Vaclav Kvicera, Martin Grabner, Ondrej FiserAbstract:The results of 2 years of experimental research of attenuation due to hydrometeors at 94 GHz with V polarization on an 850 m path are presented. Both the cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors together and the cumulative distributions of attenuation due to the individual hydrometeors are given. The influence of the individual hydrometeors on attenuation is assessed. The obtained cumulative distribution of rain attenuation for the 2-year period of observation is compared with the one calculated for the average year in accordance with relevant ITU-R recommendations.
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Specific Results of 7-Year Hydrometeor Attenuation Research at 58 GHz on an 850 m Terrestrial Path
2008 38th European Microwave Conference, 2008Co-Authors: Vaclav Kvicera, Martin Grabner, Ondrej FiserAbstract:The results of 7 years of experimental research of attenuation due to hydrometeors at 58 GHz with V polarization on an 850 m path are presented. Both the cumulative distributions of attenuation due to all the hydrometeors together and the cumulative distributions of attenuation due to the individual hydrometeors are given. The influence of the individual hydrometeors on attenuation is assessed. The cumulative distribution of rain attenuation obtained for the 7-year period of observation is compared with the one calculated for the average year in accordance with relevant ITU-R recommendations.
