The Experts below are selected from a list of 183 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Malgorzata Lewandowska - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ultrafine grained austenitic stainless steel processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Materials & Design, 2017Co-Authors: Agnieszka T Krawczynska, Witold Chrominski, Mariusz Kulczyk, Ewa Urabinczyk, Malgorzata LewandowskaAbstract:Abstract The material studied is a commercially available 316LVM stainless steel with an initial grain size of 30 μm. To refine the microstructure down to the nanoscale, hot (at 1000 °C) and room temperature Hydrostatic Extrusion were applied with a total true strain of 1.4. An annealed sample with coarse grains of 35 μm in diameter was used as a reference sample. The results indicate that after hot Hydrostatic Extrusion, the microstructure consisted mainly of cells with tangled dislocation walls, while after room temperature Hydrostatic Extrusion, twins of various width and shear bands could be distinguished. Hydrostatic Extrusion is also an efficient way to tailor the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of 316LVM stainless steel. Performed at room temperature, Hydrostatic Extrusion resulted in an ultra-high-strength material with limited but sufficient ductility. Performed at high temperature, Hydrostatic Extrusion resulted in a material with a very good combination of strength (approximately 900 MPa) and ductility (elongation to failure higher than 20%). Both Hydrostatically extruded steels maintained good passivation behavior in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 . In the presence of chloride ions, susceptibility to localized attack increased for the steel extruded at room temperature, but did not change for the hot-extruded steel.
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Recent development in grain refinement by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Journal of Materials Science, 2008Co-Authors: Malgorzata Lewandowska, Krzysztof J. KurzydlowskiAbstract:Hydrostatic Extrusion is an efficient method of grain refinement to the nanometer scale in metallic materials. The paper shows that it can be used directly to obtain a mean grain size smaller than 100 nm with a significant fraction of high angle grain boundaries in aluminum alloys, titanium, and iron. It is also demonstrated that grain size reduction to this level in some other materials, e.g., nickel, requires a combination of Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE), as the final operation, after some other methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD). Grain refinement in metallic materials by HE has a significant effect on their properties with a significant increase in mechanical strength and improvement of wear and corrosion resistance while maintaining an acceptable level of plasticity.
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microstructure evolution in age hardenable aluminium alloy during processing by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Journal of Microscopy, 2006Co-Authors: Malgorzata LewandowskaAbstract:In the present work, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the microstructural evolution occurring during the Hydrostatic Extrusion of an age-hardenable aluminium alloy. It was shown that processing by Hydrostatic Extrusion leads to grain refinement to 95 nm in equivalent diameter. Hydrostatic Extrusion also influences the geometrical parameters of two different types of particle: intermetallic inclusions and precipitates. The intermetallic inclusions slightly decrease in mean equivalent diameter, but their size remains at the micrometre level. The precipitates are fragmented to nanoscale spherical particles, and their evolution delays the process of grain refinement.
K. J. Kurzydłowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel deformed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
2015Co-Authors: Mariusz Kulczyk, Wacek Pachla, A. Mazur, R. Diduszko, H. Garbacz, M. Lewandowska, W. Łojkowski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The goal of the present work is to demonstrate that a bulk, ultra-fine grained microstructure can be obtained by the Hydrostatic Extrusion process of a 99.5 % technical purity of nickel. Deformation with the total true strain of 3.8 was performed at room temperature to a wire 3 mm in diameter. Microstructure was characterized by light microscopy, TEM, XRD and mechanical properties. Hydrostatic Extrusion was shown to be an effective method of severe plastic deformation, which allows ultra-fine grained structures to be obtained within the deformed material. After cumulative Hydrostatic Extrusion, the yield stress tripled, reaching a maximum of 812 MPa with a moderate elongation of 13%. A mean subgrain size of 200 nm was observed, with a considerable diversity in the size of individual grains. For the final passes of Hydrostatic Extrusion, a slight decrease in the mechanical properties was observed, accompanied with an increase in crystallite size. This is explained in terms of thermal softening processes activated by the heat generated during Hydrostatic Extrusion. Key words: severe plastic deformation; Hydrostatic Extrusion; ultra-fine grains; nanocrystalline struc-ture; grain refinement 1
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Mechanical properties of titanium processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Krzysztof Topolski, Wacek Pachla, H. Garbacz, Piotr Wieciński, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The mechanical properties of titanium Grade 2 subjected to the Hydrostatic Extrusion technique (HE) were investigated. The Hydrostatic Extrusion technique is a method which refines the titanium grains to a nano-metric size. Compared with coarse grained titanium (CG-Ti), nanocrystalline titanium (NC-Ti) is characterized by a much higher yield stress, tensile strength and microhardness. The yield stress of NC-Ti determined in tensile tests is higher than that measured in compression test. The Young modulus of NC-Ti is slightly lower than that of CG-Ti.
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Microstructure and properties of ultrafine grain nickel 200 after Hydrostatic Extrusion processes
Materials Science-Poland, 2012Co-Authors: R. Sitek, Wacek Pachla, H. Garbacz, C. Krajewski, Janusz Kamiński, Maciej Spychalski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:This paper presents the results of the studies of the structure and properties of ultrafine grained nickel 200 obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion processes. Microstructure was characterized by means of optical microscopy and electron transmission microscopy. Corrosion resistance was studied by impedance and potentiodynamic methods using an AutoLab PGSTAT 100 potentiostat in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution and in acidified (by addition of H2SO4) 0.1 M NaCl solution at pH = 4.2 at room temperature. Microhardness tests were also performed. The results showed that Hydrostatic Extrusion produces a heterogeneous, ultrafine-grained microstructure in nickel 200. The corrosive resistance tests showed that the grain refinement by Hydrostatic Extrusion is accompanied by a decreased corrosive resistance of nickel 200.
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Nanocrystalline Titanium Rods Processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Materials Science Forum, 2008Co-Authors: Krzysztof Topolski, H. Garbacz, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The potential application range of coarse-grained commercial purity titanium is limited by its low mechanical properties. A reduction of the grain size of titanium leads to a significant increase in its strength and hardness. This paper is concerned with application of Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE) for fabrication nano-grained titanium. In the present study titanium rods were subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion with the aim to reduce the grain size to the nano-metric scale and thereby improve the mechanical properties. The obtained material can be an equivalent and compete with the commonly used Ti6Al4V alloy. The results were compared with those other SPD techniques reported in the literature and refered to Hall-Petch relationship.
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Fabrication of high strength nanostructured aluminium alloys by Hydrostatic Extrusion
International Journal of Materials Research, 2007Co-Authors: M. Lewandowska, Wacek Pachla, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:In the present work, the possibility of obtaining high strength nanostructured aluminium alloys by Hydrostatic Extrusion has been shown. Billets of 2017 aluminium alloy were subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion either immediately after water quenching or after subsequent ageing. The results have shown that processing by Hydrostatic Extrusion offers a possibility of grain refinement down to the nanometre scale in the age-hardenable aluminium alloy. However, the effectiveness of the process depends on its initial microstructure. The most promising results are obtained if the alloy is deformed in the as-quenched condition. The Hydrostatically extruded aluminium alloy exhibits very high tensile strength with reasonable ductility. The stability of mechanical properties over a wide range of temperatures (from cryogenic to well above the ambient) is discussed. The results obtained are compared to similar 2XXX aluminium alloys processed by other severe plastic deformation methods.
Wacek Pachla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel deformed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
2015Co-Authors: Mariusz Kulczyk, Wacek Pachla, A. Mazur, R. Diduszko, H. Garbacz, M. Lewandowska, W. Łojkowski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The goal of the present work is to demonstrate that a bulk, ultra-fine grained microstructure can be obtained by the Hydrostatic Extrusion process of a 99.5 % technical purity of nickel. Deformation with the total true strain of 3.8 was performed at room temperature to a wire 3 mm in diameter. Microstructure was characterized by light microscopy, TEM, XRD and mechanical properties. Hydrostatic Extrusion was shown to be an effective method of severe plastic deformation, which allows ultra-fine grained structures to be obtained within the deformed material. After cumulative Hydrostatic Extrusion, the yield stress tripled, reaching a maximum of 812 MPa with a moderate elongation of 13%. A mean subgrain size of 200 nm was observed, with a considerable diversity in the size of individual grains. For the final passes of Hydrostatic Extrusion, a slight decrease in the mechanical properties was observed, accompanied with an increase in crystallite size. This is explained in terms of thermal softening processes activated by the heat generated during Hydrostatic Extrusion. Key words: severe plastic deformation; Hydrostatic Extrusion; ultra-fine grains; nanocrystalline struc-ture; grain refinement 1
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Severe Plastic Deformation Induced in Al, Al-Si, Ag and Cu by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Mariusz Kulczyk, S. Przybysz, J. Skiba, Wacek PachlaAbstract:Abstract The study was concerned with the effect of severe deformation induced in one pass, by Hydrostatic Extrusion on the properties of fine aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, copper and silver wires. The influence of adiabatic heating which takes place during deformation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the wires was examined. The quality of the surface of the wires was estimated. It has been demonstrated that fine aluminum and silver wires processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion have very good mechanical properties and a high-quality surface.
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Anisotropy of uni-axial and bi-axial deformation behavior of pure Titanium after Hydrostatic Extrusion
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2013Co-Authors: E.c. Moreno-valle, B. Savoini, Wacek Pachla, Mariusz Kulczyk, Marco Antonio Sotelo Monge, Carmen Ballesteros, Ilchat SabirovAbstract:Abstract Coarse-grained commercially pure (CP) Titanium is subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion resulting in the formation of ultrafine lamellar-type microstructure having very strong fiber texture. Uni-axial tensile tests of longitudinal and transverse specimens are carried out to study anisotropy of uni-axial deformation behavior of Hydrostatically extruded CP Titanium. Small punch testing of longitudinal and transverse specimens is performed to study the anisotropy of its bi-axial deformation behavior. It is demonstrated that there is significant anisotropy of both uni-axial and bi-axial deformation of CP Titanium after Hydrostatic Extrusion which is related to the specific microstructure and texture developed in the material during Hydrostatic Extrusion.
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Mechanical properties of titanium processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Krzysztof Topolski, Wacek Pachla, H. Garbacz, Piotr Wieciński, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The mechanical properties of titanium Grade 2 subjected to the Hydrostatic Extrusion technique (HE) were investigated. The Hydrostatic Extrusion technique is a method which refines the titanium grains to a nano-metric size. Compared with coarse grained titanium (CG-Ti), nanocrystalline titanium (NC-Ti) is characterized by a much higher yield stress, tensile strength and microhardness. The yield stress of NC-Ti determined in tensile tests is higher than that measured in compression test. The Young modulus of NC-Ti is slightly lower than that of CG-Ti.
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Microstructure and properties of ultrafine grain nickel 200 after Hydrostatic Extrusion processes
Materials Science-Poland, 2012Co-Authors: R. Sitek, Wacek Pachla, H. Garbacz, C. Krajewski, Janusz Kamiński, Maciej Spychalski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:This paper presents the results of the studies of the structure and properties of ultrafine grained nickel 200 obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion processes. Microstructure was characterized by means of optical microscopy and electron transmission microscopy. Corrosion resistance was studied by impedance and potentiodynamic methods using an AutoLab PGSTAT 100 potentiostat in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution and in acidified (by addition of H2SO4) 0.1 M NaCl solution at pH = 4.2 at room temperature. Microhardness tests were also performed. The results showed that Hydrostatic Extrusion produces a heterogeneous, ultrafine-grained microstructure in nickel 200. The corrosive resistance tests showed that the grain refinement by Hydrostatic Extrusion is accompanied by a decreased corrosive resistance of nickel 200.
H. Garbacz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel deformed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
2015Co-Authors: Mariusz Kulczyk, Wacek Pachla, A. Mazur, R. Diduszko, H. Garbacz, M. Lewandowska, W. Łojkowski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The goal of the present work is to demonstrate that a bulk, ultra-fine grained microstructure can be obtained by the Hydrostatic Extrusion process of a 99.5 % technical purity of nickel. Deformation with the total true strain of 3.8 was performed at room temperature to a wire 3 mm in diameter. Microstructure was characterized by light microscopy, TEM, XRD and mechanical properties. Hydrostatic Extrusion was shown to be an effective method of severe plastic deformation, which allows ultra-fine grained structures to be obtained within the deformed material. After cumulative Hydrostatic Extrusion, the yield stress tripled, reaching a maximum of 812 MPa with a moderate elongation of 13%. A mean subgrain size of 200 nm was observed, with a considerable diversity in the size of individual grains. For the final passes of Hydrostatic Extrusion, a slight decrease in the mechanical properties was observed, accompanied with an increase in crystallite size. This is explained in terms of thermal softening processes activated by the heat generated during Hydrostatic Extrusion. Key words: severe plastic deformation; Hydrostatic Extrusion; ultra-fine grains; nanocrystalline struc-ture; grain refinement 1
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Mechanical properties of titanium processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Krzysztof Topolski, Wacek Pachla, H. Garbacz, Piotr Wieciński, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The mechanical properties of titanium Grade 2 subjected to the Hydrostatic Extrusion technique (HE) were investigated. The Hydrostatic Extrusion technique is a method which refines the titanium grains to a nano-metric size. Compared with coarse grained titanium (CG-Ti), nanocrystalline titanium (NC-Ti) is characterized by a much higher yield stress, tensile strength and microhardness. The yield stress of NC-Ti determined in tensile tests is higher than that measured in compression test. The Young modulus of NC-Ti is slightly lower than that of CG-Ti.
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Microstructure and properties of ultrafine grain nickel 200 after Hydrostatic Extrusion processes
Materials Science-Poland, 2012Co-Authors: R. Sitek, Wacek Pachla, H. Garbacz, C. Krajewski, Janusz Kamiński, Maciej Spychalski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:This paper presents the results of the studies of the structure and properties of ultrafine grained nickel 200 obtained by Hydrostatic Extrusion processes. Microstructure was characterized by means of optical microscopy and electron transmission microscopy. Corrosion resistance was studied by impedance and potentiodynamic methods using an AutoLab PGSTAT 100 potentiostat in 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution and in acidified (by addition of H2SO4) 0.1 M NaCl solution at pH = 4.2 at room temperature. Microhardness tests were also performed. The results showed that Hydrostatic Extrusion produces a heterogeneous, ultrafine-grained microstructure in nickel 200. The corrosive resistance tests showed that the grain refinement by Hydrostatic Extrusion is accompanied by a decreased corrosive resistance of nickel 200.
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Nanocrystalline Titanium Rods Processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Materials Science Forum, 2008Co-Authors: Krzysztof Topolski, H. Garbacz, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The potential application range of coarse-grained commercial purity titanium is limited by its low mechanical properties. A reduction of the grain size of titanium leads to a significant increase in its strength and hardness. This paper is concerned with application of Hydrostatic Extrusion (HE) for fabrication nano-grained titanium. In the present study titanium rods were subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion with the aim to reduce the grain size to the nano-metric scale and thereby improve the mechanical properties. The obtained material can be an equivalent and compete with the commonly used Ti6Al4V alloy. The results were compared with those other SPD techniques reported in the literature and refered to Hall-Petch relationship.
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Structural and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline titanium and 316LVM steel processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion.
Journal of Microscopy, 2006Co-Authors: H. Garbacz, Wacek Pachla, M. Lewandowska, K.j. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The aim of the present study was to examine the potential of Hydrostatic Extrusion for the fabrication of high-strength materials for medical applications. The materials examined were 316LVM steel and technically pure titanium. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the materials before and after Hydrostatic Extrusion were analysed. It was found that the Hydrostatic Extrusion process resulted in a substantial refinement of the material microstructures. The refinement of the microstructure was accompanied by an improvement of the mechanical properties, such as the microhardness and yield stress.
Mariusz Kulczyk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ultrafine grained austenitic stainless steel processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Materials & Design, 2017Co-Authors: Agnieszka T Krawczynska, Witold Chrominski, Mariusz Kulczyk, Ewa Urabinczyk, Malgorzata LewandowskaAbstract:Abstract The material studied is a commercially available 316LVM stainless steel with an initial grain size of 30 μm. To refine the microstructure down to the nanoscale, hot (at 1000 °C) and room temperature Hydrostatic Extrusion were applied with a total true strain of 1.4. An annealed sample with coarse grains of 35 μm in diameter was used as a reference sample. The results indicate that after hot Hydrostatic Extrusion, the microstructure consisted mainly of cells with tangled dislocation walls, while after room temperature Hydrostatic Extrusion, twins of various width and shear bands could be distinguished. Hydrostatic Extrusion is also an efficient way to tailor the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of 316LVM stainless steel. Performed at room temperature, Hydrostatic Extrusion resulted in an ultra-high-strength material with limited but sufficient ductility. Performed at high temperature, Hydrostatic Extrusion resulted in a material with a very good combination of strength (approximately 900 MPa) and ductility (elongation to failure higher than 20%). Both Hydrostatically extruded steels maintained good passivation behavior in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 . In the presence of chloride ions, susceptibility to localized attack increased for the steel extruded at room temperature, but did not change for the hot-extruded steel.
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel deformed by Hydrostatic Extrusion
2015Co-Authors: Mariusz Kulczyk, Wacek Pachla, A. Mazur, R. Diduszko, H. Garbacz, M. Lewandowska, W. Łojkowski, K. J. KurzydłowskiAbstract:The goal of the present work is to demonstrate that a bulk, ultra-fine grained microstructure can be obtained by the Hydrostatic Extrusion process of a 99.5 % technical purity of nickel. Deformation with the total true strain of 3.8 was performed at room temperature to a wire 3 mm in diameter. Microstructure was characterized by light microscopy, TEM, XRD and mechanical properties. Hydrostatic Extrusion was shown to be an effective method of severe plastic deformation, which allows ultra-fine grained structures to be obtained within the deformed material. After cumulative Hydrostatic Extrusion, the yield stress tripled, reaching a maximum of 812 MPa with a moderate elongation of 13%. A mean subgrain size of 200 nm was observed, with a considerable diversity in the size of individual grains. For the final passes of Hydrostatic Extrusion, a slight decrease in the mechanical properties was observed, accompanied with an increase in crystallite size. This is explained in terms of thermal softening processes activated by the heat generated during Hydrostatic Extrusion. Key words: severe plastic deformation; Hydrostatic Extrusion; ultra-fine grains; nanocrystalline struc-ture; grain refinement 1
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Severe Plastic Deformation Induced in Al, Al-Si, Ag and Cu by Hydrostatic Extrusion
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 2014Co-Authors: Mariusz Kulczyk, S. Przybysz, J. Skiba, Wacek PachlaAbstract:Abstract The study was concerned with the effect of severe deformation induced in one pass, by Hydrostatic Extrusion on the properties of fine aluminum, aluminum-silicon alloy, copper and silver wires. The influence of adiabatic heating which takes place during deformation on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the wires was examined. The quality of the surface of the wires was estimated. It has been demonstrated that fine aluminum and silver wires processed by Hydrostatic Extrusion have very good mechanical properties and a high-quality surface.
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Anisotropy of uni-axial and bi-axial deformation behavior of pure Titanium after Hydrostatic Extrusion
Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing, 2013Co-Authors: E.c. Moreno-valle, B. Savoini, Wacek Pachla, Mariusz Kulczyk, Marco Antonio Sotelo Monge, Carmen Ballesteros, Ilchat SabirovAbstract:Abstract Coarse-grained commercially pure (CP) Titanium is subjected to Hydrostatic Extrusion resulting in the formation of ultrafine lamellar-type microstructure having very strong fiber texture. Uni-axial tensile tests of longitudinal and transverse specimens are carried out to study anisotropy of uni-axial deformation behavior of Hydrostatically extruded CP Titanium. Small punch testing of longitudinal and transverse specimens is performed to study the anisotropy of its bi-axial deformation behavior. It is demonstrated that there is significant anisotropy of both uni-axial and bi-axial deformation of CP Titanium after Hydrostatic Extrusion which is related to the specific microstructure and texture developed in the material during Hydrostatic Extrusion.
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UFG and nanocrystalline microstructures produced by Hydrostatic Extrusion of multifilament wires
International Journal of Materials Research, 2009Co-Authors: Wacek Pachla, Mariusz Kulczyk, A. Mazur, Malgorzata Sus-ryszkowskaAbstract:Abstract Aluminium, Al-4Cu-0.5Mg-1Mn aluminium alloy (AA2017), copper, iron and nickel in the form of a bundle of wires placed in appropriate capsules were subjected to cumulative Hydrostatic Extrusion to form 3 mm wires with total true strain above 10 in Al, the aluminium alloy and Cu and above 7 in Ni and Fe. The deformation was first induced in single wires which were then assembled and further deformed to form a multifilament wire. The final product had a nanocrystalline (grain size below 100 nm in Fe and the 2017 Al alloy) and ultra-fine grain (below 130 nm in Ni and below 270 nm in Cu and Al) microstructure. The grain refinement resulted in the microhardness being increased, with the greatest increase to 3.5 GPa being achieved in iron. During Hydrostatic Extrusion, the severe deformation was possible due to the high applied pressures of up to 1.7 GPa. The Hydrostatic Extrusion of multifilament wires broadens the application range of this process extending it to the fabrication of ultra-fine grain an...
