The Experts below are selected from a list of 213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shulin Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative techno-economic analysis of algal biofuel production via Hydrothermal Liquefaction: One stage versus two stages
Applied Energy, 2020Co-Authors: Na Pang, Jose S. Martinez-fernandez, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract Hydrothermal Liquefaction is a promising Process for conversion of algae to bio-oil that is especially suitable for the high moisture content of algal feedstock. A two-stage sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (SEQHTL) alternative was developed to facilitate production of co-products in addition to bio-oil at reduced temperatures and pressures compared with conventional one-stage direct Hydrothermal Liquefaction (DHTL). In this study, Aspen simulation and comprehensive techno-economic analysis were conducted for both SEQHTL and DHTL Processes to assess their performance when used to convert the same algal strain (Chlorella sorokiniana) to bio-oil intermediates. The technical and economic evaluation also included the subsequent upgrading of the bio-crude to biofuels via hydrotreatment. The minimum fuel selling price for SEQHTL and DHTL was $1.61/L, and $2.10/L, respectively. The milder operating conditions of SEQHTL Process resulted in both reduced capital and operating cost. The total installed cost of the facilities for Hydrothermal Processing 1215 metric tons/day of algae was $89 million for SEQHTL and $112 million for DHTL. A higher energy returned on energy invested was realized by SEQHTL (6.73) owing to its greater amount of fuel blendstock produced and less energy required for production in comparison with DHTL (5.31). The sensitivity analysis showed that improving the yield and quality of both the bio-oil and co-products, as well as increasing the feed concentration, may lead to a much lower production cost. This study provided new insights of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process design with highlighting the potential of recycling of nutrient streams and fractionation algal biomass at milder operating conditions.
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recycling nutrients from a sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for microalgae culture
Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts, 2017Co-Authors: Tao Zhu, Limei Chen, Jose Salomon Martinez Fernandez, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract Nutrient supply and reuse are critical considerations for culturing and Processing algae as feedstock for biofuel production. Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (SEQHTL) is used to convert microalgae biomass to biofuel and co-products. Along with biocrude and biochar of the co-products, SEQHTL produces aqueous products with high concentrations of phosphate, organic nitrogen and polysaccharides. In this study, three representative microalgaes, Chlorella sorokiniana , Chlorella vulgaris and Galdieria sulphuraria 5587.1 were evaluated for utilizing the nutrients recovered from the aqueous products of SEQTHL. C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris exhibited the ability to hydrolyze polysaccharides, using 77% and 64% of the polysaccharides and removing 94% to 95% of the phosphate, respectively. G. sulphuraria on the other hand, could not use the polysaccharides. All three species could completely assimilate ammonia and use 33%–43% of the organic nitrogen. There were no significant differences in terms of lipid contents and composition, C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris had higher lipid content (18% of DCW) than what G. sulphuraria did (only 10% of DCW). The findings indicate that although being species dependent, it is possible to reuse the nutrients recovered from SEQHTL of algal biomass for algal culture.
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sequential Hydrothermal fractionation of yeast cryptococcus curvatus biomass
Bioresource Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Chao Miao, Xiaochen Yu, Moumita Chakraborty, Tao Dong, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract A sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (SEQHTL) Process was evaluated in this work for fractionating different component of yeast biomass. Sugar and protein were separated first at a lower temperature, and the remaining biomass was then converted to bio-oil at a higher temperature. The separated aqueous products were investigated to be recycled as a carbon and nitrogen sources for the yeast culture. In the first step of SEQHTL, the temperature effect on the yield of sugar/protein and inhibitory compounds (acetic acid and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5HMF)) was investigated. The highest yields of sugar and protein and a minimal level of inhibitory compounds were obtained at 180 °C. At the second step of SEQHTL, the highest bio-oil yield was achieved at 240 °C. In comparison to the one-step Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process, SEQHTL produced a higher quality bio-oil with higher fatty acid and lower nitrogen contents.
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An α-glucan isolated as a co-product of biofuel by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Chlorella sorokiniana biomass
Algal Research, 2013Co-Authors: Moumita Chakraborty, Armando G. Mcdonald, C. I. Nindo, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract Complete use of all major components of biomass is critical to make algal biofuel feasible. Therefore, a sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process was developed as an extraction technology to fractionate the polysaccharides and the lipids from algal cells. This technology was used to Process Chlorella sorokiniana biomass by extracting polysaccharides from the biomass at lower temperature followed by Liquefaction of the extracted residue to bio-oil at higher temperatures. The extracted polysaccharides were characterized to evaluate its potential industrial applications. Structural and chemical characteristics of crude polysaccharides were determined by different spectroscopic analysis. Monosaccharide composition and linkage analysis revealed that > 90% of the polysaccharide is composed of 1 → 4 linked glucan. As quantified based on molecular weight cut off of the dialysis bag, 68–70% of the ethanol insoluble polysaccharide showed to have a molecular weight > 10,000 g/mol. The polysaccharide exhibited pseudoplastic behavior at 0.05 g/ml which could be maintained over a NaCl concentration of 0.1 to 3 M. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC) were also conducted to evaluate the thermal property of the polysaccharide. Various industrial applications were suggested based on the measured characteristics of the polysaccharides.
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impact of reaction conditions on the simultaneous production of polysaccharides and bio oil from heterotrophically grown chlorella sorokiniana by a unique sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process
Bioresource Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Chao Miao, Moumita Chakraborty, Shulin ChenAbstract:A two-step sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (SEQHTL) model for simultaneous extraction of polysaccharide at the first step followed by bio-oil in the second was established. The effects of reaction temperature, residence time, and biomass/water ratio on the product distribution of each SEQHTL step were evaluated. Maximum yield (32wt.%) of polysaccharides was obtained at 160°C, 20min and 1:9 biomass/water ratio. Considering the operation cost and bio-oil yield (>30%); 240°C, 20min and 1:9 biomass/water ratio was preferred as ideal SEQHTL condition for bio-oil extraction. SEQHTL always produced ∼5% more bio-oil and ∼50% less bio-char than direct Hydrothermal Liquefaction (DHTL). Free fatty acid content of the bio-oils exhibited a sharp decrease with increase in temperature. Comparative analysis of the energy input and net energy balance showed that SEQHTL requires ∼15% less MJ/kg bio-oil than DHTL. Energy recovery rate for SEQHTL is nearly 4% higher than the DHTL.
Mithilesh Kumar Jha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Process parameters on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of waste furniture sawdust for bio oil production
RSC Advances, 2016Co-Authors: Manoj Kumar Jindal, Mithilesh Kumar JhaAbstract:In the present study, Hydrothermal Liquefaction of waste furniture sawdust was examined. The effects of various reaction conditions such as reaction temperature (180–300 °C), residence time (0–60 min), water to sawdust ratio (2–10) and initial N2 pressure (0–2 MPa) on the product yields were studied using a high pressure batch reactor in order to determine the optimal Liquefaction parameters for the production of maximum bio-oil yield. The solid residue was characterized to investigate the mechanism of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process by FT-IR. The highest sawdust conversion (61.6 wt%) and bio-oil yield (12.7 wt%) were obtained at 280 °C, 15 min and ratio of the water to sawdust of 6 with initial N2 pressure of 1.0 MPa. The higher heating values (HHVs) of the bio-oils were found to be within the range of 17–30 MJ kg−1. The GC-MS analysis revealed that sawdust Liquefaction bio-oils comprised a complex mixture of organic compounds, which include alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols and their derivatives.
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Effect of Process parameters on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of waste furniture sawdust for bio-oil production
RSC Advances, 2016Co-Authors: Manoj Kumar Jindal, Mithilesh Kumar JhaAbstract:This work demonstrates the valorization of waste furniture sawdust into bio-oil by Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process using a high pressure batch reactor.
Lasse Rosendahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Renewable hydrocarbon fuels from Hydrothermal Liquefaction: A techno-economic analysis
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2017Co-Authors: Thomas Helmer Pedersen, Nick Hoy Hansen, Oscar Miralles Pérez, Daniel Esteban Villamar Cabezas, Lasse RosendahlAbstract:This study demonstrates the economic feasibility of producing renewable transportation drop-in fuels from lignocellulosic biomass through Hydrothermal Liquefaction and upgrading. An Aspen Plus® Process model is developed based on extensive experimental data to document a techno-economic assessment of a Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process scheme. Based on a 1000 tonnes organic matter per day plant size capacity, three different scenarios are analyzed to identify key economic parameters and minimum fuel selling prices (MFSP). Scenario I, the baseline scenario, is based on wood-glycerol co-Liquefaction, followed by thermal cracking and hydroProcessing. Results show that a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of 1.14 $ per liter of gasoline equivalent (LGE) can be obtained. In Scenario II, only wood is used as feedstock, which reduces the MFSP to 0.82 $/LGE. Scenario III is also based on a pure wood feedstock, but investigates a full saturation situation (a maximum hydrogen consumption scenario), resulting in a slightly higher MFSP of 0.94 $/LGE. A sensitivity analysis is performed identifying biocrude yield, hydrogen, and feedstock prices as key cost factors affecting the MFSP. In conclusion, the study shows that renewable fuels, via HTL and upgrading, can be highly cost competitive to other alternative fuel Processes. © 2017 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass
Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Saqib Toor, Lasse Rosendahl, Jessica Hoffmann, Thomas Helmer Pedersen, Rudi P. Nielsen, Erik Gydesen SøgaardAbstract:Biomass is one of the most abundant sources of renewable energy, and will be an important part of a more sustainable future energy system. In addition to direct combustion, there is growing attention on conversion of biomass into liquid energy carriers. These conversion methods are divided into biochemical/biotechnical methods and thermochemical methods, such as direct combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, Liquefaction, etc. This chapter focuses on Hydrothermal Liquefaction, where high pressures and intermediate temperatures together with the presence of water are used to convert biomass into liquid biofuels, with the aim of describing the current status and development challenges of the technology. During the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process, the biomass macromolecules are first hydrolyzed and/or degraded into smaller molecules. Many of the produced molecules are unstable and reactive and can recombine into larger ones. During this Process, a substantial part of the oxygen in the biomass is removed by dehydration or decarboxylation. The chemical properties of the product are mostly dependent of the biomass substrate composition. Biomass consists of various components such as carbohydrates, lignin, protein, and fat, and each of them produce distinct groups of compounds when Processed individually. When Processed together in different ratios, they will most likely cross-influence each other and thus the composition of the product. Processing conditions including temperature, pressure, residence time, catalyst, and type of solvent are important for the bio-oil yield and product quality.
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Hydrothermal Liquefaction of spirulina and nannochloropsis salina under subcritical and supercritical water conditions
Bioresource Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Saqib Toor, Harvind K Reddy, Shuguang Deng, Jessica Hoffmann, Dorte Spangsmark, Linda B Madsen, Jens Bo Holmnielsen, Lasse RosendahlAbstract:Abstract Six Hydrothermal Liquefaction experiments on Nannochloropsis salina and Spirulina platensis at subcritical and supercritical water conditions (220–375 °C, 20–255 bar) were carried out to explore the feasibility of extracting lipids from wet algae, preserving nutrients in lipid-extracted algae solid residue, and recycling Process water for algae cultivation. GC–MS, elemental analyzer, FT-IR, calorimeter and nutrient analysis were used to analyze bio-crude, lipid-extracted algae and water samples produced in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process. The highest bio-crude yield of 46% was obtained on N. salina at 350 °C and 175 bar. For S. platensis algae sample, the optimal Hydrothermal Liquefaction condition appears to be at 310 °C and 115 bar, while the optimal condition for N. salina is at 350 °C and 175 bar. Preliminary data also indicate that a lipid-extracted algae solid residue sample obtained in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process contains a high level of proteins.
Manoj Kumar Jindal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of Process parameters on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of waste furniture sawdust for bio oil production
RSC Advances, 2016Co-Authors: Manoj Kumar Jindal, Mithilesh Kumar JhaAbstract:In the present study, Hydrothermal Liquefaction of waste furniture sawdust was examined. The effects of various reaction conditions such as reaction temperature (180–300 °C), residence time (0–60 min), water to sawdust ratio (2–10) and initial N2 pressure (0–2 MPa) on the product yields were studied using a high pressure batch reactor in order to determine the optimal Liquefaction parameters for the production of maximum bio-oil yield. The solid residue was characterized to investigate the mechanism of Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process by FT-IR. The highest sawdust conversion (61.6 wt%) and bio-oil yield (12.7 wt%) were obtained at 280 °C, 15 min and ratio of the water to sawdust of 6 with initial N2 pressure of 1.0 MPa. The higher heating values (HHVs) of the bio-oils were found to be within the range of 17–30 MJ kg−1. The GC-MS analysis revealed that sawdust Liquefaction bio-oils comprised a complex mixture of organic compounds, which include alcohols, acids, aldehydes, ketones, esters, phenols and their derivatives.
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Effect of Process parameters on Hydrothermal Liquefaction of waste furniture sawdust for bio-oil production
RSC Advances, 2016Co-Authors: Manoj Kumar Jindal, Mithilesh Kumar JhaAbstract:This work demonstrates the valorization of waste furniture sawdust into bio-oil by Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process using a high pressure batch reactor.
Limei Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recycling nutrients from a sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process for microalgae culture
Algal Research-Biomass Biofuels and Bioproducts, 2017Co-Authors: Tao Zhu, Limei Chen, Jose Salomon Martinez Fernandez, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract Nutrient supply and reuse are critical considerations for culturing and Processing algae as feedstock for biofuel production. Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (SEQHTL) is used to convert microalgae biomass to biofuel and co-products. Along with biocrude and biochar of the co-products, SEQHTL produces aqueous products with high concentrations of phosphate, organic nitrogen and polysaccharides. In this study, three representative microalgaes, Chlorella sorokiniana , Chlorella vulgaris and Galdieria sulphuraria 5587.1 were evaluated for utilizing the nutrients recovered from the aqueous products of SEQTHL. C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris exhibited the ability to hydrolyze polysaccharides, using 77% and 64% of the polysaccharides and removing 94% to 95% of the phosphate, respectively. G. sulphuraria on the other hand, could not use the polysaccharides. All three species could completely assimilate ammonia and use 33%–43% of the organic nitrogen. There were no significant differences in terms of lipid contents and composition, C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris had higher lipid content (18% of DCW) than what G. sulphuraria did (only 10% of DCW). The findings indicate that although being species dependent, it is possible to reuse the nutrients recovered from SEQHTL of algal biomass for algal culture.
