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M. Ghysels - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the southern hemisphere tropical tropopause layer ttl from high resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G WienholdAbstract:Abstract. High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations
Copernicus Publications, 2016Co-Authors: S. M. Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, J.-p. VernierAbstract:High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale
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Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G Wienhold, Dmitry V. IonovAbstract:High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes controlling the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (inmixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidences of these phenomena are analyzed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modeling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS-92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20 S°. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, whose manifestations are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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Balloon-borne observations of mid-latitude stratospheric water vapour: comparisons with HALOE and MLS satellite data
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Gwenaël Berthet, M. Ghysels, Jean-baptiste Renard, Georges Durry, Bertrand Gaubicher, N. AmaroucheAbstract:We present here in situ measurements obtained between 1991 and 2011 in outer-vortex conditions by the ELHYSA balloon-borne frost-point Hygrometer. The frost-point Hygrometer profiles are used for comparisons with the satellite data from version 19 (v19) and version 3.3 (v3.3) of the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) respectively. Potential Vorticity mapping is applied to all data sets to remove contributions of transient tropical intrusions and polar vortex air masses and hence ensure consistent comparisons between the balloon and satellite observations. Our selected balloon in situ observations are too sparse to directly infer mid-latitude stratospheric time series for continuous comparisons with HALOE and MLS records or derive water vapour trends but can be used to validate the satellite data. A mean difference of −0.83 ± 1.58 % (−0.04 ± 0.07 ppmv) is obtained between HALOE v19 data and the balloon frost-point observations (with respect to HALOE) over the 30–80 hPa altitude range. The Hygrometer-HALOE differences appear time-dependent as already presented in the literature. The mean difference reaches 2.80 ± 0.96 % (0.13 ± 0.04 ppmv) for MLS v3.3, with MLS systematically wetter than the balloon data reflecting a systematic bias between both datasets. We use our balloon data as reference to provide some information about the HALOE-MLS difference. From post-2000 ELHYSA-HALOE and ELHYSA-MLS comparisons, we find a HALOE-MLS difference matching the expected bias, with MLS v3.3 6.60 ± 2.80 % (0.27 ± 0.11 ppmv) wetter than HALOE v19. From the results obtained from our balloon-satellite data comparisons, we finally discuss the issue about merging the HALOE and MLS data sets to provide stratospheric water vapour trends.
N. Amarouche - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the southern hemisphere tropical tropopause layer ttl from high resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G WienholdAbstract:Abstract. High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations
Copernicus Publications, 2016Co-Authors: S. M. Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, J.-p. VernierAbstract:High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale
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Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G Wienhold, Dmitry V. IonovAbstract:High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes controlling the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (inmixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidences of these phenomena are analyzed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modeling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS-92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20 S°. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, whose manifestations are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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Balloon-borne observations of mid-latitude stratospheric water vapour: comparisons with HALOE and MLS satellite data
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Gwenaël Berthet, M. Ghysels, Jean-baptiste Renard, Georges Durry, Bertrand Gaubicher, N. AmaroucheAbstract:We present here in situ measurements obtained between 1991 and 2011 in outer-vortex conditions by the ELHYSA balloon-borne frost-point Hygrometer. The frost-point Hygrometer profiles are used for comparisons with the satellite data from version 19 (v19) and version 3.3 (v3.3) of the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) respectively. Potential Vorticity mapping is applied to all data sets to remove contributions of transient tropical intrusions and polar vortex air masses and hence ensure consistent comparisons between the balloon and satellite observations. Our selected balloon in situ observations are too sparse to directly infer mid-latitude stratospheric time series for continuous comparisons with HALOE and MLS records or derive water vapour trends but can be used to validate the satellite data. A mean difference of −0.83 ± 1.58 % (−0.04 ± 0.07 ppmv) is obtained between HALOE v19 data and the balloon frost-point observations (with respect to HALOE) over the 30–80 hPa altitude range. The Hygrometer-HALOE differences appear time-dependent as already presented in the literature. The mean difference reaches 2.80 ± 0.96 % (0.13 ± 0.04 ppmv) for MLS v3.3, with MLS systematically wetter than the balloon data reflecting a systematic bias between both datasets. We use our balloon data as reference to provide some information about the HALOE-MLS difference. From post-2000 ELHYSA-HALOE and ELHYSA-MLS comparisons, we find a HALOE-MLS difference matching the expected bias, with MLS v3.3 6.60 ± 2.80 % (0.27 ± 0.11 ppmv) wetter than HALOE v19. From the results obtained from our balloon-satellite data comparisons, we finally discuss the issue about merging the HALOE and MLS data sets to provide stratospheric water vapour trends.
Sergey Khaykin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the southern hemisphere tropical tropopause layer ttl from high resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G WienholdAbstract:Abstract. High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G Wienhold, Dmitry V. IonovAbstract:High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes controlling the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (inmixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidences of these phenomena are analyzed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modeling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS-92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20 S°. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, whose manifestations are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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intercomparisons of stratospheric water vapor sensors flash b and noaa cmdl frost point Hygrometer
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2007Co-Authors: H Vomel, V Yushkov, Sergey Khaykin, L Korshunov, E Kyro, Rigel KiviAbstract:Studies of global climate rely critically on accurate water vapor measurements. In this paper, a comparison of the NOAA/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) frost-point Hygrometer and the Fluorescent Advanced Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon (FLASH-B) Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is reported. Both instruments were part of a small balloon payload that was launched multiple times at Sodankyla, Finland. The comparison shows agreement well within the instrumental uncertainties between both sensors in the Arctic stratospheric vortex. The mean deviation between both instruments in the range between 15 and 25 km is 2.4% 3.1% (one standard deviation). The comparison identified some instrumental issues, such as a low mirror-temperature calibration correction for the NOAA/CMDL frostpoint Hygrometer as well as a time lag. It was found that the FLASH-B Hygrometer measures water vapor reliably above 7 km in the polar atmosphere. Comparisons in the upper troposphere are affected by the gain change of the NOAA/CMDL Hygrometer, causing a lag and a wet bias in the tropospheric low gain setting under the dry conditions in the upper troposphere.
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intercomparisons of stratospheric water vapor sensors flash b and noaa cmdl frost point Hygrometer
Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 2007Co-Authors: H Vomel, V Yushkov, Sergey Khaykin, L Korshunov, E Kyro, Rigel KiviAbstract:Abstract Studies of global climate rely critically on accurate water vapor measurements. In this paper, a comparison of the NOAA/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) frost-point Hygrometer and the Fluorescent Advanced Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon (FLASH-B) Lyman-alpha Hygrometer is reported. Both instruments were part of a small balloon payload that was launched multiple times at Sodankyla, Finland. The comparison shows agreement well within the instrumental uncertainties between both sensors in the Arctic stratospheric vortex. The mean deviation between both instruments in the range between 15 and 25 km is −2.4% ± 3.1% (one standard deviation). The comparison identified some instrumental issues, such as a low mirror-temperature calibration correction for the NOAA/CMDL frost-point Hygrometer as well as a time lag. It was found that the FLASH-B Hygrometer measures water vapor reliably above 7 km in the polar atmosphere. Comparisons in the upper troposphere are affected by the gain c...
F G Wienhold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the southern hemisphere tropical tropopause layer ttl from high resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G WienholdAbstract:Abstract. High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes affecting the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (in-mixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidence of these phenomena are analysed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modelling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour (of up to 0.5 ppmv) and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20° S. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, which are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere tropical tropopause layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2016Co-Authors: Sergey Khaykin, J.-p. Pommereau, E. D. Riviere, G. Held, F. Ploeger, M. Ghysels, N. Amarouche, Jeanpaul Vernier, F G Wienhold, Dmitry V. IonovAbstract:High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes controlling the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (inmixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidences of these phenomena are analyzed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modeling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric Hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS-92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric Hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20 S°. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, whose manifestations are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale.
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multilayer inkjet printed dew point Hygrometer
Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2018Co-Authors: Michal Marzecki, Renata Jachowicz, Grzegorz TarapataAbstract:Abstract This paper describes the dew point temperature Hygrometer as a complex microsystem manufactured using inkjet printing directly on the surface of a Peltier couple heat pump. The principle of the structure’s fabrication is similar to that of other sensors printed directly on textiles, paper or thin foils, but is much more difficult to perform. Both the principle of specific detector construction as well as some technological aspects are discussed in the paper. All three elements of the detector i.e. thermoresistor, heater and impedance dew detector are widely characterized to ascertain the performance of each. Final tests of the whole dew point Hygrometer operation parameters are carefully reported and discussed in the conclusions.
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novel dew point Hygrometer fabricated with inkjet printing technology
Sensors and Actuators A-physical, 2016Co-Authors: Grzegorz Tarapata, Rafał Selma, Michal Marzecki, Daniel Paczesny, Renata JachowiczAbstract:Abstract This paper reports a novel, first time made Dew Point Hygrometer (DPH) detector, which was fully fabricated with the inkjet printing technology. This type of the sensor operation was already known in DPH which is based on a silicon complex dew detector (Jachowicz and Senturia, 1981; Weremczuk et al., 2006) [1] , [2] . However, in our device the silicon substrate has been replaced by a thin, flexible Kapton foil. All components integrated in the detector: the interdigitated capacitive sensor electrodes, the thermoresistor and the heater were made by ink-jet printing technology. All individual elements of the printed dew point Hygrometer detector have been characterized, and finally, their measurement features were described.
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novel dew point Hygrometer fabricated with inkjet printing technology
Procedia Engineering, 2015Co-Authors: Grzegorz Tarapata, Rafał Selma, Michal Marzecki, Daniel Paczesny, Renata JachowiczAbstract:Abstract This paper reports a novel, first time made Dew Point Hygrometer (DPH) detector, which was fully fabricated with the inkjet printing technology. This type of the sensor operation was already known in DPH which is based on a silicon complex dew detector [1] . However, in our device the silicon substrate has been replaced by a thin, flexible Kapton foil. All components integrated in the detector: the interdigitated capacitive sensor electrodes, the thermoresistor and the heater were made by ink-jet printing technology. All individual elements of the printed dew point Hygrometer detector have been characterized, and finally, their measurement features were described.
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a mems based super fast dew point Hygrometer construction and medical applications
Measurement Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Renata Jachowicz, Daniel Paczesny, Jerzy Weremczuk, Grzegorz TarapataAbstract:The paper shows how MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) technology and a modified principle of fast temperature control (by heat injection instead of careful control of cooling) can considerably improve the dynamic parameters of dew point Hygrometers. Some aspects of MEMS-type integrated sensor construction and technology, whole measurement system design, the control algorithm to run the system as well as empirical dynamic parameters from the tests are discussed too. The Hygrometer can easily obtain five to six measurements per second with an uncertainty of less than 0.3 K. The meter range is between ?10 ?C and 40 ?C dew point. In the second part of the paper (section 2), two different successful applications in medicine based on fast humidity measurements have been discussed. Some specific constructions of these super fast dew point Hygrometers based on a MEMS sensor as well as limited empirical results from clinical tests have been reported too.
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mems based dew point Hygrometer with optimal self adjusted detection threshold
2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems, 2008Co-Authors: Renata Jachowicz, Daniel Paczesny, Jerzy Weremczuk, Grzegorz TarapataAbstract:A new system of dew point temperature Hygrometer, based on semiconductor MEMS detector is presented in the paper. Many details of MEMS detector construction are given with details in the report. Basic idea of algorithms of detector control is also discussed. More attention is devoted to subalgorithm for self-adjusted detector threshold operation. Excellent dynamic parameters of the new Hygrometer (i.e. 2÷5 dew point detections and temperature measurements per second), proved by the Hygrometer tests, will be presented and described in the report. It means that presented Hygrometer is 10÷100 times faster than conventional Hygrometers. In the end of the paper two medical applications are demonstrated with clinical test results. The first application is for dermatology for TransEpidermal Water Loss (TEWL) factor of human skin. The second is focused on measurement of humidity in human nose cavity and human throat during breathing. In both case fast humidity measurements, with time constant of some 0.5s, have been required.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
