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Eric Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predictive utility of childhood diagnosis of icd 10 Hyperkinetic Disorder adult outcomes in the mta and effect of comorbidity
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Eugene L Arnold, Eric Taylor, James M Swanson, Arunima Roy, Lily Hechtman, Margaret H Sibley, John T Mitchell, Brooke S G Molina, Luis Augusto RohdeAbstract:Diagnostic guidelines differ between DSM attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and ICD Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD). Only 145 of 579 children age 7–9 in the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (the MTA) with combined-type DSM-IV ADHD met criteria for ICD-10 HKD, because major internalizing comorbidities and more stringent symptom count/pervasiveness requirements excluded most. The 145 HKD had significantly better 14-month medication response than the rest. We explored whether HKD had greater adult symptom persistence and/or impairment than other ADHD. Multi-informant assessments were done for 16 years. We used the 12/14/16-year assessments, in young adulthood. The post-attrition 109 with baseline HKD had no greater adult persistence of ADHD symptoms/impairment than 367 without HKD, but had more cumulative stimulant use, more job losses, lower emotional lability, and fewer car crashes. However, those excluded for internalizing comorbidity but otherwise meeting HKD criteria had significantly more persistence. Only 6 of the 109 (5.5%) with baseline HKD met ICD-10 criteria for HKD in adulthood, compared to 25 of 367 (6.8%) without a childhood HKD diagnosis. Despite greater initial symptom severity, HKD had no worse 16-year young adult outcome than others, except for job losses, balanced by less emotional lability and fewer crashes. Comorbid internalizing Disorder seems to have worse prognosis than initial severity/pervasiveness of ADHD symptoms.
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randomized controlled double blind trial of optimal dose methylphenidate in children and adolescents with severe attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder and intellectual disability
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2013Co-Authors: Emily Simonoff, Eric Taylor, Gillian Baird, Sarah Bernard, Oliver Chadwick, Holan Liang, Susannah Whitwell, Kirsten Riemer, Kishan Sharma, Santvana Pandey SharmaAbstract:Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder is increased in children with intellectual disability. Previous research has suggested stimulants are less effective than in typically developing children but no studies have titrated medication for individual optimal dosing or tested the effects for longer than 4 weeks. Method: One hundred and twenty two drug-free children aged 7-15 with Hyperkinetic Disorder and IQ 30-69 were recruited to a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that randomized participants using minimization by probability, stratified by referral source and IQ level in a one to one ratio. Methylphenidate was compared with placebo. Dose titration comprised at least 1 week each of low (0.5 mg/kg/day), medium (1.0 mg/kg/day) and high dose (1.5 mg/kg/day). Parent and teacher Attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) index of the Conners Rating Scale-Short Version at 16 weeks provided the primary outcome measures. Clinical response was determined with the Clinical Global Impressions scale (CGI-I). Adverse effects were evaluated by a parent-rated questionnaire, weight, pulse and blood pressure. Analyses were by intention to treat. Trial registration: ISRCTN 68384912. Results: Methylphenidate was superior to placebo with effect sizes of 0.39 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) 0.09, 0.70] and 0.52 (95% CIs 0.23, 0.82) for the parent and teacher Conners ADHD index. Four (7%) children on placebo versus 24 (40%) of those on methylphenidate were judged improved or much improved on the CGI. IQ and autistic symptoms did not affect treatment efficacy. Active medication was associated with sleep difficulty, loss of appetite and weight loss but there were no significant differences in pulse or blood pressure. Conclusions: Optimal dosing of methylphenidate is practical and effective in some children with Hyperkinetic Disorder and intellectual disability. Adverse effects typical of methylphenidate were seen and medication use may require close monitoring in this vulnerable group. © 2012 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.
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attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder and Hyperkinetic Disorder
2010Co-Authors: James M Swanson, Eric Taylor, Joseph A Sergeant, Edmund J S Sonugabarke, P S Jensen, Dennis P CantwellAbstract:Attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental Disorders affecting children and adolescents. The core ADHD symptoms are pervasive and impairing inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity. Due to its significant prevalence during the lifespan and associated impairments, the Disorder is considered a major health problem. Despite a substantial increase in clinical and research interest in ADHD in recent years, there is a relative lack of practical handbooks and handy reference texts on the assessment and management of patients with this condition. Part of the Oxford Psychiatry Library, this pocketbook provides a user-friendly introduction to the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of ADHD
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Hyperkinetic Disorder in Psychiatric Clinic Attenders
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2008Co-Authors: S. T. Sandberg, Michael Rutter, Eric TaylorAbstract:Sixty-eight boys (age-range five to 11 years), referred to a child psychiatric clinic, were studied in order to determine the validity of a broadly-based concept of Hyperkinetic syndrome, as generally employed in the USA. Hyperactivity was measured on the Conners' Teacher Questionnaire, the Conners' Parent Questionnaire and by systematic time-sampled observations of each child's behaviour during psychological testing. There were low and statistically insignificant correlations between these different measures of hyperkinesis. On the other hand, overactivity correlated highly with conduct disturbance. Psychiatrically abnormal children with and without hyperkinesis were compared on cognitive functioning, perinatal history, neurological examination, congenital anomalies and psycho-social circumstances. Few differences were found, and it was concluded that there was no evidence for the validity of a broad concept of Hyperkinetic syndrome. Nevertheless, a small number of children were found who were overactive in all situations studied. These children had a variety of clinical diagnoses but differed significantly from their peers--matched for age, IQ and diagnosis--with respect to neurological anomalies, erratic responses on the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and early onset of hyperkinesis. It is suggested that this less common clinical picture of hyperkinesis may have some validity, but it remains uncertain whether it constitutes a distinct syndrome or rather a constitutional risk factor
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european clinical guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorder first upgrade
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Eric Taylor, Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Philip Asherson, Jan K Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Manfred Dopfner, Aribert Rothenberger, Joseph A Sergeant, Edmund J S SonugabarkeAbstract:BACKGROUND: The validity of clinical guidelines changes over time, because new evidence-based knowledge and experience develop. OBJECTIVE: Hence, the European clinical guidelines on Hyperkinetic Disorder from 1998 had to be evaluated and modified. METHOD: Discussions at the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS) and iterative critique of each clinical analysis. Guided by evidence-based information and based on evaluation (rather than metaanalysis) of the scientific evidence a group of child psychiatrists and psychologists from several European countries updated the guidelines of 1998. When reliable information is lacking the group gives a clinical consensus when it could be found among themselves. RESULTS: The group presents here a set of recommendations for the conceptualization and management of Hyperkinetic Disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). CONCLUSION: A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided, on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP).
Carsten Obel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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birth asphyxia measured by the ph value of the umbilical cord blood may predict an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder
WOS, 2017Co-Authors: Susanne Hvolgaard Mikkelsen, Carsten Obel, Jorn Olsen, Bodil Hammer Bech, Zeyan Liew, Mika Gissler, Onyebuchi A ArahAbstract:Aim Although birth asphyxia is a major risk factor for neonatal and childhood morbidity and mortality, it has not been investigated much in relation to attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We examined whether birth asphyxia measured by the pH of the blood in the umbilical artery cord was associated with childhood ADHD. Method A population-based cohort of 295 687 children born in Finland between 1991 and 2002 was followed until December 31, 2007. ADHD was identified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, as a diagnosis of Hyperkinetic Disorder. We examined the risk of ADHD with varying pH values using Cox regression, taking time trends into consideration. Results When compared to the reference group, a pH value below 7.10 was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD. The strongest risks were observed among children with a pH value <7.15 and a gestational age of <32 weeks. The pH value did not contribute much to the risk among children with an Apgar score of 0–3. Conclusion Birth asphyxia, defined by low pH value, may predict an increased risk of ADHD in childhood. The association between the pH value and ADHD was homogenous when stratified by gestational age and the Apgar score.
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parental age and attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder adhd
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2016Co-Authors: Susanne Hvolgaard Mikkelsen, Jorn Olsen, Bodil Hammer Bech, Carsten ObelAbstract:Background Previous studies have suggested that young mothers more often have children with ADHD. We used sibling comparisons to examine the nature of this association and to investigate if this association is explained by early environment or genetic and socioeconomic factors. Methods A large population-based cohort including all singletons born in Denmark from 1 January 1991 through 31 December 2005 was followed from birth until 30 April 2011. Data were available for 94% ( N = 943 785) of the population. Offspring ADHD was identified by an ICD-10 diagnosis of Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD). We used sibling-matched Cox regression to control for genetic and socioeconomic factors. Results In the population cohort we found that children born by parents aged 20 years or younger had more than twice the risk of being diagnosed with ADHD compared with children with parents between 26 and 30 years of age. When comparing full siblings the associations were attenuated, but we found a trend of increased risk of ADHD with decreasing maternal age, which was not seen for paternal age. Conclusions Sibling comparisons suggested that the associations between both maternal and paternal age and ADHD are partly explained by common genetic and socioeconomic factors. The trend of increased risk of ADHD with decreasing maternal age, but not with paternal age, may be linked to pregnancy or early-life environmental factors. Even though only a smaller part of the association can be attributed to environmental factors, there is a public health interest to support young parents through their first years of parenthood.
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the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder in children exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy a re examination using a sibling design
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2016Co-Authors: Carsten Obel, Jorn Olsen, Mika Gissler, Jin Liang Zhu, Sanni Breining, Therese Koops Gronborg, Michael RutterAbstract:Background Conventional cohort studies have consistently shown that exposure to maternal smoking in pregnancy is associated with about twice the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the offspring. However, recent studies using alternative designs to disentangle the effect of social and genetic confounders have suggested that confounding may account for the association. In this study we aimed to estimate the association by a sibling design. Methods We used a design with half and full siblings in a Danish national register-based cohort on all singletons born between January 1991 and December 2006 and followed until January 2011. Data were available for 90% (N = 968,665) of the singleton live births in the period. We used the combination of the International Classification of Diseases (10th version) diagnosis of Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD) and ADHD medication to identify children. We used sibling-matched (conditional) Cox regression to control social and genetic confounding. Results Using conventional cohort analyses, we found the expected association between pregnancy smoking and offspring ADHD (adjusted HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.94–2.07). In the sibling analysis, however, we did not detect such a strong association (adjusted HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.94–1.22). There was no difference between results for half- and full sibling analyses. The link between pregnancy smoking and low birth weight remained robust in the sibling design (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.33–2.12). Conclusions We found no support for prenatal smoking as a strong causal factor in ADHD. Our findings suggest that the strong association found in most previous epidemiological studies is likely to be due to a strong link between maternal smoking and maternal ADHD genetics or shared family environment. Pregnant women should still be encouraged to stop smoking because of other risks, but we have no reason to believe that this would reduce the risk of ADHD in the offspring.
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medical augmentation of labor and the risk of adhd in offspring a population based study
Pediatrics, 2015Co-Authors: Lonny Henriksen, Niels Jorgen Secher, Carsten Obel, Mette JuhlAbstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Oxytocin for labor augmentation is widely used in obstetric care in Western countries. Two recent, smaller studies found opposing results regarding the association between prenatal exposure to oxytocin for labor augmentation and attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In Denmark, oxytocin is the medication used for nearly all medical augmentations of labor, and we examined the association between medical augmentation of labor and ADHD in a large cohort study based on national register data. METHODS: All singletons born after spontaneous onset of labor in Denmark between 2000 and 2008 ( N = 546 146) were included in the study. Data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry on medical augmentation of labor (yes/no) were used to identify exposed children. ADHD was defined based on the diagnostic codes of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision , for Hyperkinetic Disorder and information on dispensed ADHD medication. A multivariate proportional hazards regression model was used to test the association. RESULTS: Among 546 146 deliveries, 26% included medical augmentation of labor, and 0.9% of the children were identified as having ADHD ( n = 4617). We found no association between augmentation of labor and ADHD in the offspring (hazard ratio: 1.05 [95% confidence interval: 0.98–1.13]). CONCLUSIONS: Our study does not support an association between medical augmentation of labor and ADHD in the child.
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is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for Hyperkinetic Disorder findings from a sibling design
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Carsten Obel, Jorn Olsen, Karen Markussen Linnet, Tine Brink Henriksen, Alina Rodriguez, Marjoriitta Jarvelin, Irma Moilanen, Erik T Parner, Anja Taanila, Hanna EbelingAbstract:Background Studies have consistently shown that pregnancy smoking is associated with twice the risk of hyperactivity/inattention problems in the offspring. An association of this magnitude may indicate behavioural difficulties as one of the most important health effects related to smoking during pregnancy. However, social and genetic confounders may fully or partially account for these findings. Methods A cohort including all singletons born in Finland from 1 January 1987 through 31 December 2001 was followed until 1 January 2006 based on linkage of national registers. Data were available for 97% (N = 868 449) of the population. We followed singleton children of smoking and non-smoking mothers until they had an International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, diagnosis of Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD) or to the end of the observation period. We used sibling-matched Cox regression analyses to control for social and genetic confounding. Results We found a much smaller association between exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of HKD in children using the sibling-matched analysis [hazards ratio (HR) = 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.49] than was observed in the entire cohort (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.90–2.12). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the strong association found in previous studies may be due to time-stable familial factors, such as environmental and genetic factors. If smoking is a causal factor, the effect is small and less important than what the previous studies indicate.
Manfred Dopfner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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adhd and Hyperkinetic Disorder
Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Alessandro Zuddas, Philip Asherson, Jan K Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Manfred Dopfner, Luis Augusto Rohde, Edmund J S SonugabarkeAbstract:This chapter presents a developmental formulation of the nature of ADHD and its course over time. It covers diagnosis – based on DSM5 – and its limitations, clinical assessment, epidemiology, genetic and environmental risks, and the way the risk factors interact to make for brain and psychological alterations. Treatment sections include the range of psychological and physical treatments and their application to complex and refractory cases
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how often do children meet icd 10 dsm iv criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder and Hyperkinetic Disorder parent based prevalence rates in a national sample results of the bella study
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Manfred Dopfner, Dieter Breuer, Nora Wille, Michael Erhart, Ulrike RavenssiebererAbstract:Background There is a lack of representative prevalence rates for attention deficit-/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) according to DSM-IV criteria and Hyperkinetic Disorder (HD) according to ICD-10 criteria for German subjects.
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long acting medications for the Hyperkinetic Disorders a systematic review and european treatment guideline
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2006Co-Authors: Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Paramala Santosh, Alessandro Zuddas, Philip Asherson, Jan K Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Manfred Dopfner, Stephen V Faraone, Aribert RothenbergerAbstract:A systematic review of published and unpublished data on the use of long-acting medications in ADHD and Hyperkinetic Disorder is reported, giving effect sizes and numbers-to-treat for extended-release stimulant preparations and atomoxetine (ATX). A panel of experts from several European countries used the review to make recommendations about the use of these drugs in practice, and conclusions are reported: (1) Long-acting preparations should be available and used; (2) They should not replace short-acting drugs (which will be the initial treatment for many children for reasons of cost and flexibility of dosing). Individual clinical choice is needed. (3) Both ATX and extended-release preparations of stimulants should be available. The choice will depend upon the circumstances, and detailed recommendations are made.
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european clinical guidelines for Hyperkinetic Disorder first upgrade
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2004Co-Authors: Eric Taylor, Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Philip Asherson, Jan K Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Manfred Dopfner, Aribert Rothenberger, Joseph A Sergeant, Edmund J S SonugabarkeAbstract:BACKGROUND: The validity of clinical guidelines changes over time, because new evidence-based knowledge and experience develop. OBJECTIVE: Hence, the European clinical guidelines on Hyperkinetic Disorder from 1998 had to be evaluated and modified. METHOD: Discussions at the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS) and iterative critique of each clinical analysis. Guided by evidence-based information and based on evaluation (rather than metaanalysis) of the scientific evidence a group of child psychiatrists and psychologists from several European countries updated the guidelines of 1998. When reliable information is lacking the group gives a clinical consensus when it could be found among themselves. RESULTS: The group presents here a set of recommendations for the conceptualization and management of Hyperkinetic Disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). CONCLUSION: A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided, on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP).
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multimodal therapy concept in Hyperkinetic Disorder drugs alone are not enough
Mmw-fortschritte Der Medizin, 2002Co-Authors: Manfred Dopfner, J Frolich, Kathrin Sevecke, Gerd LehmkuhlAbstract:For the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity Disorder, both medical and behavioral therapeutic concepts have been shown to be effective. Somewhat problematical, however, is the fact that a large percentage of these children retain residual symptoms that need treating over a longer period of time. The value of a multimodal therapeutic approach (combination of medication and behavioral treatment including counseling of parents, teachers and the patient) remains controversial. Over the long-term, and account being taken of a number of indicators extending beyond the core symptoms, however, the multimodal treatment concept would appear superior to treatment solely with psychostimulants. For effective treatment accurate titration and the recording of the changes occurring under medication are important.
Abel Ickowicz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predictive validity of dsm iv and icd 10 criteria for adhd and Hyperkinetic Disorder
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2008Co-Authors: Soyoung Irene Lee, Russell Schachar, Shirley Chen, Tisha J Ornstein, Alice Charach, Cathy L Barr, Abel IckowiczAbstract:Background: The goal of this study was to compare the predictive validity of the two main diagnostic schemata for childhood hyperactivity – attention-deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual– IV) and Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD; International Classification of Diseases– 10th Edition). Methods: Diagnostic criteria for ADHD and HKD were used to classify 419 children ages 6 to 16 years referred to a clinic for behavioral problems into one of four groups: HKD, ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C), ADHD hyperactive-impulsive subtype (ADHD-HI), ADHD inattentive subtype (ADHD-IA). These groups were compared on clinical characteristics including total symptom severity, overall impairment, exposure to psychosocial and neuro-developmental risks, family history of ADHD in first-degree family members, rate and type of comorbidity, intelligence, academic achievement, and on laboratory tests of motor response inhibition and working memory with each other and with normal controls (47). Results: Of the 419 cases, there were 46 HKD (11.0%), 200 ADHD-C (47.7%), 60 ADHD-HI (14.3%) and 113 ADHD-IA (27.0%) cases. The HKD group had more symptoms and was more impaired on teachers’ ratings than were the other groups. The ADHD-C and HKD groups had poorer inhibitory control than the ADHD-IA, ADHD-HI and control groups, and all four clinic groups showed inhibition deficit compared to controls. Groups did not differ in working memory. Compared to controls, the HKD, ADHD-C, ADHD-HI and ADHD-IA groups had higher familial risk of ADHD, greater psychosocial risk exposure, lower intellectual level and poorer academic attainment. However, we observed no differences among the clinic groups in these characteristics. Conclusions: Like earlier versions, ICD-10 and DSM-IV continue to delineate diagnostic entities with substantially different prevalence in clinic samples. However, HKD, ADHD-C, ADHD-IA and ADHD-HI groups overlap substantially in terms of important clinical characteristics, although HKD and ADHD-C may be somewhat more severe variants of the condition than ADHD-IA and ADHD-HI.
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comparison of the predictive validity of Hyperkinetic Disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder
Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, 2007Co-Authors: Russell Schachar, Shirley Chen, Abel Ickowicz, Jennifer Crosbie, Lisa M Goos, Alice CharachAbstract:Despite years of research into childhood hyperactivity, questions remain about the validity of the diagnosis. Validity is typically gauged by the ability of diagnostic criteria to predict important characteristics such as functional impairment, heritability, executive function deficit, exposure to neurobiological or psychosocial risk factors, risk for adverse outcomes and treatment response. At one extreme of the debate are those who assert that the diagnosis has no predictive validity regardless of what criteria are applied or that ADHD is an epiphenomenon of associated psychopathology. More often, however, the question about the predictive validity of hyperactivity is framed around the appropriate breadth and criteria for the diagnosis as reflected in the number and type of symptoms necessary for the diagnosis. The debate about number and breadth of criteria for a valid entity of childhood hyperactivity is actualized in the distinction between Hyperkinetic Syndrome (HKD) as defined in ICD-10 and attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as defined in DSM-IV. HKD and ADHD diagnoses are based on the same list of 18 symptoms, 9 of which are symptoms of inattention, 6 of which are symptoms of hyperactivity and 3 of which are symptoms of impulsivity. Moreover, both criteria require evidence of impairment and early, typically preschool onset. However, beyond these similarities, there are qualitative and quantitative differences between criteria for HKD and ADHD in the required number and type of presenting symptoms, the degree of situational pervasiveness, and the utilization of diagnoses for comorbid Disorders. A diagnosis of HKD requires that 5 inattentive, 3 hyperactive and 1 impulsive symptoms must be present in several major life situations typically at home or in the community according to parental report and also at school according to teacher report. A diagnosis of ADHD requires 6 or more symptoms of inattention, 6 or more symptoms from the combined list of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms or both. ADHD does not require that these specific symptom criteria be met both at home and at school, but rather requires that the symptomatic threshold be met in one setting (either home or school) and that “… some impairment from the symptoms [be] present in two or more settings (e.g., at school [or work] and at home)…” (Criterion C, pp 84). The details of this criterion are not specified in DSM and it is unclear how clinicians operationalize this criterion in clinical practice. In other words, the criteria for ADHD are met if a child presents with 6 or more impairing symptoms of inattention or of hyperactivity and/or impulsivity in one setting as long as there is evidence of impairment from these symptoms in another setting. The second major difference is that ICD limits the HKD diagnosis to those who exhibit symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsiveness whereas DSM-IV allows for a diagnosis of ADHD-inattentive subtype (ADHD-IA) when 6 of 9 inattention symptoms are met in the absence of 6 of 9 hyperactivity-impulsivity symptom and for a diagnosis of ADHD-hyperactive-impulsive subtype (ADHD-HI) when 6 of 9 hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are met in the absence of 6 of 9 inattention symptoms. When both are present, a diagnosis of ADHD-combined (ADHD-C) subtype is made. And third, ICD-10 allows for a category of Hyperkinetic conduct Disorder separate from HKD, but excludes the diagnosis in the presence of anxiety and mood Disorder. DSM-IV, on the other hand, permits a diagnosis for every Disorder that is evident such as conduct Disorder, anxiety Disorder or dyslexia. Both criteria preclude a diagnosis in the presence of pervasive developmental Disorder (PDD) and schizophrenia. Consequently, differences in predictive validity of HKD or ADHD could derive from the nature of presenting symptoms (e.g., inattention versus hyperactivity-impulsivity, vs. both), from variation in pervasiveness or from the presence of common comorbid Disorders. There have been few head to head comparisons of HKD as defined in ICD-10 and ADHD as defined by DSM-IV criteria despite the genuine possibility of differences in predictive validity of HKD and ADHD and the attendant public health and scientific implications. Santosh et al (2005) found that individuals meeting criteria for HKD were more responsive to stimulant medication and less responsive to psychosocial interventions than were those meeting ADHD-C criteria. Lahey et al found few differences in the predictive validity of HKD and ADHD: Both groups exhibited persistent ADHD symptoms and impairment over a six-year follow up. Lee et al. studied 419 cases drawn from the same clinic as the current sample on a range of variables. Lee found that ICD-10 and DSM-IV criteria delineated diagnostic entities with substantially different prevalence: There were ten cases with ADHD for every case with HKD. HKD criteria also delineated a group with a greater number of symptoms, greater teacher-rated functional impairment and more severe executive control deficit than did ADHD criteria. However, HKD and ADHD groups did not differ in risk for ADHD among first degree family members, rate of comorbid psychopathology, intelligence or academic attainment compared with each other or with unaffected controls. Lee et al. concluded that both ICD and DSM criteria delineated diagnostic entities with substantial, but largely similar predictive validity. However, Lee et al. did not undertake a comparison of ICD and DSM in the absence of comorbidity due to limited number of participants in each diagnostic group. Therefore, the goals of this study were to replicate and extend the findings of Lee et al. in a larger sample by comparing the characteristics of clinic-referred cases who meet ICD-10 criteria for HKD or DSM-IV criteria for ADHD on a range of validity criteria and, for the first time, to compare the predictive validity of HKD and ADHD after excluding the possible confound of cases with a comorbid psychiatric Disorder.
Luis Augusto Rohde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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predictive utility of childhood diagnosis of icd 10 Hyperkinetic Disorder adult outcomes in the mta and effect of comorbidity
European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 2019Co-Authors: Eugene L Arnold, Eric Taylor, James M Swanson, Arunima Roy, Lily Hechtman, Margaret H Sibley, John T Mitchell, Brooke S G Molina, Luis Augusto RohdeAbstract:Diagnostic guidelines differ between DSM attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and ICD Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD). Only 145 of 579 children age 7–9 in the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD (the MTA) with combined-type DSM-IV ADHD met criteria for ICD-10 HKD, because major internalizing comorbidities and more stringent symptom count/pervasiveness requirements excluded most. The 145 HKD had significantly better 14-month medication response than the rest. We explored whether HKD had greater adult symptom persistence and/or impairment than other ADHD. Multi-informant assessments were done for 16 years. We used the 12/14/16-year assessments, in young adulthood. The post-attrition 109 with baseline HKD had no greater adult persistence of ADHD symptoms/impairment than 367 without HKD, but had more cumulative stimulant use, more job losses, lower emotional lability, and fewer car crashes. However, those excluded for internalizing comorbidity but otherwise meeting HKD criteria had significantly more persistence. Only 6 of the 109 (5.5%) with baseline HKD met ICD-10 criteria for HKD in adulthood, compared to 25 of 367 (6.8%) without a childhood HKD diagnosis. Despite greater initial symptom severity, HKD had no worse 16-year young adult outcome than others, except for job losses, balanced by less emotional lability and fewer crashes. Comorbid internalizing Disorder seems to have worse prognosis than initial severity/pervasiveness of ADHD symptoms.
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adhd and Hyperkinetic Disorder
Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2015Co-Authors: Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Alessandro Zuddas, Philip Asherson, Jan K Buitelaar, Marina Danckaerts, Manfred Dopfner, Luis Augusto Rohde, Edmund J S SonugabarkeAbstract:This chapter presents a developmental formulation of the nature of ADHD and its course over time. It covers diagnosis – based on DSM5 – and its limitations, clinical assessment, epidemiology, genetic and environmental risks, and the way the risk factors interact to make for brain and psychological alterations. Treatment sections include the range of psychological and physical treatments and their application to complex and refractory cases
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the worldwide prevalence of adhd a systematic review and metaregression analysis
American Journal of Psychiatry, 2007Co-Authors: Guilherme V Polanczyk, Mauricio Silva De Lima, Bernardo L Horta, Joseph Biederman, Luis Augusto RohdeAbstract:Objective: The worldwide prevalence estimates of attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)/Hyperkinetic Disorder (HD) are highly heterogeneous. Presently, the reasons for this discrepancy remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible causes of the varied worldwide estimates of the Disorder and to compute its worldwide-pooled prevalence. Method: The authors searched MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases from January 1978 to December 2005 and reviewed textbooks and reference lists of the studies selected. Authors of relevant articles from North America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East and ADHD/HD experts were contacted. Surveys were included if they reported point prevalence of ADHD/HD for subjects 18 years of age or younger from the general population or schools according to DSM or ICD criteria. Results: The literature search generated 9,105 records, and 303 full-text articles were reviewed. One hundred and two studies comprising 171,756 ...