The Experts below are selected from a list of 31581 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Luigi Matturri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sudden infant death syndrome and sudden intrauterine unexplained death correlation between hypoplasia of raphe nuclei and serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism
Pediatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Anna Maria Lavezzi, Valentina Casale, Roberta Oneda, Debra E Weesemayer, Luigi MatturriAbstract:This study, besides to delineate the cytoarchitecture and the localization in the brainstem of the human raphe nuclei, aims to evaluate the correlation between neuropathological raphe defects and serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) promoter region polymorphisms in a cohort of 28 SIDS victims, 12 sudden intrauterine unexplained deaths (SIUD), and 17 controls. Hypoplasia of one or more nuclei of both the rostral and caudal raphe groups was found in 57% of SIDS, in 67% of SIUD, and only in 12% of controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation among 5-HTT Long (L) allele, hypoplasia of the raphe nuclei, and maternal Smoking in Pregnancy was observed in sudden fetal and infant deaths. The presence of the L allele represents a predisposing factor for sudden fetal and infant death in association with morphologic developmental defects of the raphe nuclei and prenatal smoke exposure. A further consideration of the authors is that SIUD should not be regarded as a separate entity from SIDS, given the potentially shared neuropathological and genetic bases.
-
Sudden infant Death Syndrome and Sudden intrauterine Unexplained Death: Correlation Between Hypoplasia of Raphé Nuclei and Serotonin Transporter Gene Promoter Polymorphism
Pediatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Anna Maria Lavezzi, Valentina Casale, Roberta Oneda, Debra E Weese-mayer, Luigi MatturriAbstract:This study, besides to delineate the cytoarchitecture and the localization in the brainstem of the human raphé nuclei, aims to evaluate the correlation between neuropathological raphé defects and serotonin transporter gene ( 5-HTT ) promoter region polymorphisms in a cohort of 28 SIDS victims, 12 sudden intrauterine unexplained deaths (SIUD), and 17 controls. Hypoplasia of one or more nuclei of both the rostral and caudal raphé groups was found in 57% of SIDS, in 67% of SIUD, and only in 12% of controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation among 5-HTT Long (L) allele, hypoplasia of the raphé nuclei, and maternal Smoking in Pregnancy was observed in sudden fetal and infant deaths. The presence of the L allele represents a predisposing factor for sudden fetal and infant death in association with morphologic developmental defects of the raphé nuclei and prenatal smoke exposure. A further consideration of the authors is that SIUD should not be regarded as a separate entity from SIDS, given the potentially shared neuropathological and genetic bases.
Lauren S Wakschlag - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Smoking in Pregnancy AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR in 3-YEAR OLD BOYS AND GIRLS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE UK MILLENNIUM COHORT STUDY
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009Co-Authors: Jayne Hutchinson, Kate E Pickett, Josephine Green, Lauren S WakschlagAbstract:Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy has been consistently associated with disruptive behaviour in male offspring, however results for girls are inconsistent and little is known about emergent patterns in young children. Additionally, it is unclear whether maternal Smoking is independently associated in offspring with hyperactivity-inattention or only when it co-occurs with conduct problems. Further, few studies have controlled for a broad range of maternal psychosocial problems.
-
women who remember women who do not a methodological study of maternal recall of Smoking in Pregnancy
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kate E Pickett, Kristen Kasza, Gretchen Biesecker, Rosalind J Wright, Lauren S WakschlagAbstract:introduction Retrospective recall of Smoking during Pregnancy is assumed to be substantially biased, but this has rarely been tested empirically. Methods We examined the validity of an interview-based retrospective recall more than a decade after Pregnancy, in a cohort with repeated, multimethod characterization of Pregnancy Smoking (N = 245). Retrospective Smoking patterns were examined in relation to prospective reported and biological estimates of overall and trimester-specific Smoking status and intensity. We also compared characteristics of women whose Smoking status was misclassified by either prospective or retrospective measures with women whose status was congruent for nonSmoking across timepoints. Results in general, sensitivity and specificity of recalled Smoking were excellent relative to both prospective self-reported and cotinine-validated Smoking status and trimester-specific intensity. However, measures were less congruent for amount smoked for women who recalled being heavy smokers. Further, retrospective measures captured some smokers not identified prospectively due to Smoking that occurred prior to assessments. Women who would have been misclassified as nonsmokers based on either prospective or retrospective assessment differed significantly from congruently classified nonsmokers in a number of maternal, family, and neighborhood, but not child behavior, characteristics. Discussion When epidemiological studies of the impact of Smoking in Pregnancy use retrospective methods, misclassification may not be a significant problem if prenatal Smoking is assessed in terms of the pattern across Pregnancy. This type of interview-based recall of Pregnancy Smoking may be relatively accurate, although optimal measurement should combine retrospective and prospective self-report and biological assays, as each provide unique information and sources of error.
-
women who remember women who do not a methodological study of maternal recall of Smoking in Pregnancy
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kate E Pickett, Kristen Kasza, Gretchen Biesecker, Rosalind J Wright, Lauren S WakschlagAbstract:introduction: Retrospective recall of Smoking during Pregnancy is assumed to be substantially biased, but this has rarely been tested empirically.
-
self reported Smoking cotinine levels and patterns of Smoking in Pregnancy
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Kate E Pickett, Kristen Kasza, Lauren S Wakschlag, Paul J Rathouz, Rosalind J WrightAbstract:Non-pregnant adult smokers generally exhibit fairly stable Smoking behaviour over time. in studies of this population, cotinine assays are considered a 'gold standard' measure of exposure to cigarette smoke; current Smoking status can be validated with high sensitivity and specificity. in contrast, there is substantial within-person fluctuation in Pregnancy Smoking, as women try repeatedly to quit or cut down. As a result, cotinine measures may be of limited use for validation of amount smoked, as they are informative only about recent exposure, vary with individual Smoking topography and are dependent on time lapsed since the last cigarette smoked. Thus, in reproductive epidemiology, where timing, intensity and duration of exposure are critical, self-reported history of cigarette consumption may be a more relevant fetal exposure than current Smoking status. If there were substantial within-person variation over the course of Pregnancy, numerous measures of cotinine would be needed to characterise patterns of fetal exposure and would not be feasible in many studies. We examined self-reported Smoking patterns and compared them to patterns of urinary cotinine levels in a prospective study of 998 pregnant women, recruited 1988-92. Fluctuations in Smoking were considerable and, while cotinine measures and self-reported number of cigarettes were highly correlated at any given time point across women (r=0.70), the within-person correlation between the patterns of self-reported number of cigarettes and cotinine levels was weaker (r=0.33). For researchers interested in fetal outcomes in which intensity and timing of exposure are critical, we conclude that self-reported variations in Smoking during Pregnancy may be a valid way to characterise detailed patterns of fetal exposure in epidemiological studies.
Anna Maria Lavezzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
sudden infant death syndrome and sudden intrauterine unexplained death correlation between hypoplasia of raphe nuclei and serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism
Pediatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Anna Maria Lavezzi, Valentina Casale, Roberta Oneda, Debra E Weesemayer, Luigi MatturriAbstract:This study, besides to delineate the cytoarchitecture and the localization in the brainstem of the human raphe nuclei, aims to evaluate the correlation between neuropathological raphe defects and serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) promoter region polymorphisms in a cohort of 28 SIDS victims, 12 sudden intrauterine unexplained deaths (SIUD), and 17 controls. Hypoplasia of one or more nuclei of both the rostral and caudal raphe groups was found in 57% of SIDS, in 67% of SIUD, and only in 12% of controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation among 5-HTT Long (L) allele, hypoplasia of the raphe nuclei, and maternal Smoking in Pregnancy was observed in sudden fetal and infant deaths. The presence of the L allele represents a predisposing factor for sudden fetal and infant death in association with morphologic developmental defects of the raphe nuclei and prenatal smoke exposure. A further consideration of the authors is that SIUD should not be regarded as a separate entity from SIDS, given the potentially shared neuropathological and genetic bases.
-
Sudden infant Death Syndrome and Sudden intrauterine Unexplained Death: Correlation Between Hypoplasia of Raphé Nuclei and Serotonin Transporter Gene Promoter Polymorphism
Pediatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Anna Maria Lavezzi, Valentina Casale, Roberta Oneda, Debra E Weese-mayer, Luigi MatturriAbstract:This study, besides to delineate the cytoarchitecture and the localization in the brainstem of the human raphé nuclei, aims to evaluate the correlation between neuropathological raphé defects and serotonin transporter gene ( 5-HTT ) promoter region polymorphisms in a cohort of 28 SIDS victims, 12 sudden intrauterine unexplained deaths (SIUD), and 17 controls. Hypoplasia of one or more nuclei of both the rostral and caudal raphé groups was found in 57% of SIDS, in 67% of SIUD, and only in 12% of controls. Furthermore, a significant correlation among 5-HTT Long (L) allele, hypoplasia of the raphé nuclei, and maternal Smoking in Pregnancy was observed in sudden fetal and infant deaths. The presence of the L allele represents a predisposing factor for sudden fetal and infant death in association with morphologic developmental defects of the raphé nuclei and prenatal smoke exposure. A further consideration of the authors is that SIUD should not be regarded as a separate entity from SIDS, given the potentially shared neuropathological and genetic bases.
Kate E Pickett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Smoking in Pregnancy AND DISRUPTIVE BEHAVIOUR in 3-YEAR OLD BOYS AND GIRLS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE UK MILLENNIUM COHORT STUDY
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 2009Co-Authors: Jayne Hutchinson, Kate E Pickett, Josephine Green, Lauren S WakschlagAbstract:Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy has been consistently associated with disruptive behaviour in male offspring, however results for girls are inconsistent and little is known about emergent patterns in young children. Additionally, it is unclear whether maternal Smoking is independently associated in offspring with hyperactivity-inattention or only when it co-occurs with conduct problems. Further, few studies have controlled for a broad range of maternal psychosocial problems.
-
women who remember women who do not a methodological study of maternal recall of Smoking in Pregnancy
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kate E Pickett, Kristen Kasza, Gretchen Biesecker, Rosalind J Wright, Lauren S WakschlagAbstract:introduction Retrospective recall of Smoking during Pregnancy is assumed to be substantially biased, but this has rarely been tested empirically. Methods We examined the validity of an interview-based retrospective recall more than a decade after Pregnancy, in a cohort with repeated, multimethod characterization of Pregnancy Smoking (N = 245). Retrospective Smoking patterns were examined in relation to prospective reported and biological estimates of overall and trimester-specific Smoking status and intensity. We also compared characteristics of women whose Smoking status was misclassified by either prospective or retrospective measures with women whose status was congruent for nonSmoking across timepoints. Results in general, sensitivity and specificity of recalled Smoking were excellent relative to both prospective self-reported and cotinine-validated Smoking status and trimester-specific intensity. However, measures were less congruent for amount smoked for women who recalled being heavy smokers. Further, retrospective measures captured some smokers not identified prospectively due to Smoking that occurred prior to assessments. Women who would have been misclassified as nonsmokers based on either prospective or retrospective assessment differed significantly from congruently classified nonsmokers in a number of maternal, family, and neighborhood, but not child behavior, characteristics. Discussion When epidemiological studies of the impact of Smoking in Pregnancy use retrospective methods, misclassification may not be a significant problem if prenatal Smoking is assessed in terms of the pattern across Pregnancy. This type of interview-based recall of Pregnancy Smoking may be relatively accurate, although optimal measurement should combine retrospective and prospective self-report and biological assays, as each provide unique information and sources of error.
-
women who remember women who do not a methodological study of maternal recall of Smoking in Pregnancy
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2009Co-Authors: Kate E Pickett, Kristen Kasza, Gretchen Biesecker, Rosalind J Wright, Lauren S WakschlagAbstract:introduction: Retrospective recall of Smoking during Pregnancy is assumed to be substantially biased, but this has rarely been tested empirically.
-
self reported Smoking cotinine levels and patterns of Smoking in Pregnancy
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 2005Co-Authors: Kate E Pickett, Kristen Kasza, Lauren S Wakschlag, Paul J Rathouz, Rosalind J WrightAbstract:Non-pregnant adult smokers generally exhibit fairly stable Smoking behaviour over time. in studies of this population, cotinine assays are considered a 'gold standard' measure of exposure to cigarette smoke; current Smoking status can be validated with high sensitivity and specificity. in contrast, there is substantial within-person fluctuation in Pregnancy Smoking, as women try repeatedly to quit or cut down. As a result, cotinine measures may be of limited use for validation of amount smoked, as they are informative only about recent exposure, vary with individual Smoking topography and are dependent on time lapsed since the last cigarette smoked. Thus, in reproductive epidemiology, where timing, intensity and duration of exposure are critical, self-reported history of cigarette consumption may be a more relevant fetal exposure than current Smoking status. If there were substantial within-person variation over the course of Pregnancy, numerous measures of cotinine would be needed to characterise patterns of fetal exposure and would not be feasible in many studies. We examined self-reported Smoking patterns and compared them to patterns of urinary cotinine levels in a prospective study of 998 pregnant women, recruited 1988-92. Fluctuations in Smoking were considerable and, while cotinine measures and self-reported number of cigarettes were highly correlated at any given time point across women (r=0.70), the within-person correlation between the patterns of self-reported number of cigarettes and cotinine levels was weaker (r=0.33). For researchers interested in fetal outcomes in which intensity and timing of exposure are critical, we conclude that self-reported variations in Smoking during Pregnancy may be a valid way to characterise detailed patterns of fetal exposure in epidemiological studies.
Jean Golding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Grand-maternal Smoking in Pregnancy and grandchild’s autistic traits and diagnosed autism
Scientific reports, 2017Co-Authors: Jean Golding, Genette Ellis, Steven Gregory, Karen E Birmingham, Yasmin Iles-caven, Dheeraj Rai, Marcus PembreyAbstract:Although there is considerable research into the genetic background of autism spectrum disorders, environmental factors are likely to contribute to the variation in prevalence over time. Rodent experiments indicate that environmental exposures can have effects on subsequent generations, and human studies indicate that parental prenatal exposures may play a part in developmental variation. Here we use the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to test the hypothesis that if the mother or father (F1) had been exposed to their own mother’s (F0) Smoking during Pregnancy, the offspring (F2) would be at increased risk of autism. We find an association between maternal grandmother Smoking in Pregnancy and grand daughters having adverse scores in Social Communication and Repetitive Behaviour measures that are independently predictive of diagnosed autism. in line with this, we show an association with actual diagnosis of autism in her grandchildren. Paternal grandmothers Smoking in Pregnancy showed no associations.
-
sudden infant death syndrome and parental Smoking a literature review
Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 1997Co-Authors: Jean GoldingAbstract:There are a variety of methodological problems with published studies of parental Smoking and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), with over-control the most consistent and problematic. Nevertheless, even though this is likely to minimise the true magnitude of relationships, the results are consistent. There are five cohort studies with prospectively collected information on maternal Smoking in Pregnancy: all show strong and statistically significant relationships that were dose dependent-the more cigarettes the mother had smoked, the more at risk was the baby of SIDS. Similar results have been shown from the case-control studies in which information has been collected retrospectively from parents or birth certificates. There are data from several studies indicating that environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is also important. Since it has not yet been possible to determine conclusively whether associations are with Smoking (or ETS) during Pregnancy or postnatally, it is concluded that both should be discouraged.