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Eric Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Antecedents of ADHD: a historical account of diagnostic concepts
    ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, 2011
    Co-Authors: Eric Taylor
    Abstract:

    The concept of ADHD has evolved gradually and still carries some traces of its origins. The idea of uncontrolled behaviour as a medical problem arose in eighteenth and nineteenth century accounts. It raised cultural issues about how far control was expected of children. This article traces the development of ideas with particular references to Hoffman’s “Struwwelpeter”, Frederick Still’s “Disorders of Moral Control”, minimal brain damage, and the Hyperkinetic Syndrome.

  • Hyperkinetic Disorder in Psychiatric Clinic Attenders
    Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 2008
    Co-Authors: S. T. Sandberg, Michael Rutter, Eric Taylor
    Abstract:

    Sixty-eight boys (age-range five to 11 years), referred to a child psychiatric clinic, were studied in order to determine the validity of a broadly-based concept of Hyperkinetic Syndrome, as generally employed in the USA. Hyperactivity was measured on the Conners' Teacher Questionnaire, the Conners' Parent Questionnaire and by systematic time-sampled observations of each child's behaviour during psychological testing. There were low and statistically insignificant correlations between these different measures of hyperkinesis. On the other hand, overactivity correlated highly with conduct disturbance. Psychiatrically abnormal children with and without hyperkinesis were compared on cognitive functioning, perinatal history, neurological examination, congenital anomalies and psycho-social circumstances. Few differences were found, and it was concluded that there was no evidence for the validity of a broad concept of Hyperkinetic Syndrome. Nevertheless, a small number of children were found who were overactive in all situations studied. These children had a variety of clinical diagnoses but differed significantly from their peers--matched for age, IQ and diagnosis--with respect to neurological anomalies, erratic responses on the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and early onset of hyperkinesis. It is suggested that this less common clinical picture of hyperkinesis may have some validity, but it remains uncertain whether it constitutes a distinct Syndrome or rather a constitutional risk factor

E Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sex differences in the Hyperkinetic Syndrome of childhood
    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 1990
    Co-Authors: Anthony C James, E Taylor
    Abstract:

    Among a clinic sample of 6525 subjects, 61 males and 18 females with an ICD-9 diagnosis of the Hyperkinetic Syndrome of childhood were identified. Hyperactive girls had a lower IQ and significantly higher rates of language disorders and neurological disorders, suggesting a possible neurological basis for hyperactivity in females. In contrast, there was a population of male hyperactives with less evidence of brain dysfunction and a normal IQ, evidence compatible with the model of greater male constitutional variability. There was little evidence for the polygenetic multiple threshold model of sex inheritance.

Helmut Remschmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hyperkinetic Syndrome the role of allergy among psychological and neurological factors
    European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994
    Co-Authors: Rainer Blank, Helmut Remschmidt
    Abstract:

    The role of allergies was examined in a clinical sample of 122 successive referrals with suspected Hyperkinetic Syndrome (HKS). The children were examined using general psychiatric, neurological and immunologic measures. According to these examinations, 18 of the 122 children (15%) did not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of HKS. These children served as a small comparison group since healthy children could not be examined for ethical reasons. A history of allergies was more often positive in children with HKS without associated disorders (50%) and in children with HKS and developmental retardations (36%) than in children with HKS and conduct disorders (23%) and the comparsion group (17%). The objective immunologic measures which essentially covered IgE-mediated reactions were not significantly different. These results are discussed on the background of delayed non-IgE-mediated reactions and possible psychosocial influences. There were no significant correlations between the neurological and psychiatric measures on the one hand and immunologic measures on the other. Factor analysis on the basis of the applied measures revealed three main dimensions but none of these could be interpreted as distinctive “immunologic” dimension.

  • Hyperkinetic Syndrome: The role of allergy among psychological and neurological factors
    European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1994
    Co-Authors: Rainer Blank, Helmut Remschmidt
    Abstract:

    La pertinence des allergies chez les enfants hyperkinétiques particulièrement and les échantillons cliniques a été récemment discutée. Le rôle des allergies a été examiné dans un échantillon clinique de 122 patients référés successivement et suspectés de Syndrome hyperkinétiques (HKS). Les enfants ont été examinés sur le plan général psychiatrique et un neurologique (entretien personnel, questionnaire, examen neurologique, EEG, brèves batteries psychologiques) et avec des mesures immunologiques concentration sériques d'IgE, test cutané concernant 32 aliments (réaction immédiate) histoire des allergies. Selon ces examens 18 des 122 enfants ne remplissaient pas le diagnostic de Syndrome hyperkinétique (ou autres troubles externalisés); ils ont servi comme petit groupe de contrôle les enfants sains ne pouvant pas être exminés pour des raisons éthiques (mesure immunologique invasive). L'histoire des allergies était plus souvent positive chez les enfants avec un Syndrome hyperkinétique sans troubles associés (50 ¦ %) et chez les enfants avec un Syndrome hyperkinétique et un retard développemental (36 ¦ %) par rapport aux enfants avec un Syndrome hyperkinétique et des troubles du comportement (23 ¦ %) et par rapport au groupe de contrôle (17 ¦ %). Les mesures immunologiques objectives qui concernent essentiellement les réactions IgE, n'étaient pas significativement différentes. Ces résultats sont dicutés dans le contexte des réactions non IgE médiatisées et d'une possible influence psychosociale. Entre les mesures neurologiques respiratoires, psychiatriques et les mesures immunologiques il n'y avait pas de correlation significative. Dans une analyse factorielle trois dimensions principales ont été trouvés sur la base des mesures utilisées; aucune ne pouvait être interprétée comme une dimension immunologique (distinctive). Die Relevanz von Allergien bei hyperkinetischen Kindern, insbesondere in klinischen Stichproben, wird in letzter Zeit diskutiert. Der Stellenwert von Allergien wurde prospektiv in einer sukzessiv erhobenen klinischen Stichprobe von 122 Kindern mit Verdacht auf Hyperkinetisches Syndrom (HKS) untersucht. Die Kinder wurden allgemein psychiatrisch und neurologisch (Befragung, Fragebogenverfahren, klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung, EEG, kurze testpsychologische Batterie) sowie immunologisch (IgE, Hautpricktest auf Nahrungsmittel (Sofortreaktion), Allergieanamnese) untersucht. Hierbei konnte bei 18 der 122 Kinder die Diagnose HKS nicht gesichert werden (andere extraversive Störungen); diese dienten als kleine Kontrollgruppe, nachdem gesunde Kinder aus ethischen Gründen (invasive immunologische Untersuchungen) nicht untersucht werden konnten. Die Allergieanamnese war bei Kindern mit HKS ohne relevante zusützliche Störungen (50%) sowie bei Kindern mit HKS mit Entwicklungsrückstünden (36%) vermehrt positiv im Vergleich zu den Kindern mit HKS und Störung des Sozialverhaltens (23%) bzw. der Kontrollgruppe (17%). Die objektiven immunologischen Parametern, mit denen im wesentlichen IgE-vermittelte Reaktionen erfabt wurden, wiesen keine Unterschiede auf. Als Erklärung der Ergebnisse werden verzögerte, nicht-IgE-vermittelte Reaktionen sowie psychosoziale Einflüsse diskutiert. Zwischen den neurologischen und psychiatrischen sowie den immunologischen Parametern ergaben sich keine signifikanten Korrelationen. In einer Faktorenanalyse fanden sich auf der Basis der untersuchten Mebgröben drei Hauptdimensionen, von denen keine als “immunologische” Dimension eindeutig interpretiert werden konnte. The role of allergies was examined in a clinical sample of 122 successive referrals with suspected Hyperkinetic Syndrome (HKS). The children were examined using general psychiatric, neurological and immunologic measures. According to these examinations, 18 of the 122 children (15%) did not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of HKS. These children served as a small comparison group since healthy children could not be examined for ethical reasons. A history of allergies was more often positive in children with HKS without associated disorders (50%) and in children with HKS and developmental retardations (36%) than in children with HKS and conduct disorders (23%) and the comparsion group (17%). The objective immunologic measures which essentially covered IgE-mediated reactions were not significantly different. These results are discussed on the background of delayed non-IgE-mediated reactions and possible psychosocial influences. There were no significant correlations between the neurological and psychiatric measures on the one hand and immunologic measures on the other. Factor analysis on the basis of the applied measures revealed three main dimensions but none of these could be interpreted as distinctive “immunologic” dimension.

L M Mcewen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • controlled trial of hyposensitisation in children with food induced Hyperkinetic Syndrome
    The Lancet, 1992
    Co-Authors: Joseph Egger, A Stolla, L M Mcewen
    Abstract:

    Abstract Food intolerance seems to be an important cause of the Hyperkinetic Syndrome, but restricted diets are expensive, socially disruptive, and often nutritionally inadequate. Enzyme-potentiated desensitisation (EPD) may overcome some of these difficulties. EPD was tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial among 40 children with food-induced Hyperkinetic behaviour disorder. A total of 185 children with established Hyperkinetic Syndrome underwent oligoantigenic dietary treatment for four weeks. 116 whose behaviour responded had provoking foods identified by sequential reintroduction. Foods that reproducibly provoked overactivity were avoided. 40 patients who were then invited to take part in the hyposensitisation trial were randomly assigned to treated and control groups. Treated patients received three doses of EPD (beta-glucuronidase and small quanitites of food antigens) intradermally at two-monthly intervals. Controls received buffer only. Thereafter, patients were allowed to eat known provoking foods. Of 20 patients who received active treatment, 16 became tolerant towards provoking foods compared with 4 of 20 who received placebo (p

Klaus-jürgen Neumärker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Kramer-Pollnow Syndrome: a contribution on the life and work of Franz Kramer and Hans Pollnow
    History of Psychiatry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Klaus-jürgen Neumärker
    Abstract:

    In 1932 Franz Kramer (1878–1967) and Hans Pollnow (1902–43) described a Hyperkinetic Syndrome in children. Basically the symptoms described coincide with what is nowadays regarded as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Hyperkinetic Syndrome. The authors of the study thus went down in the history of child and adolescent psychiatry with their eponymous Kramer-Pollnow Syndrome, and have had a lasting influence on the development of the concepts relating to this topic. Both worked together at the psychiatric and neurological hospital at Berlin’s Charite under its head Karl Bonhoeffer, but as they were both Jewish they were forced to emigrate after the Nazis seized power. Until now, little has been known about their further fate and careers, so this study gives the first comprehensive account of their lives, based on documents found in the archives. It also presents an overview of their work.

  • The Kramer-Pollnow Syndrome: a contribution on the life and work of Franz Kramer and Hans Pollnow.
    History of psychiatry, 2020
    Co-Authors: Klaus-jürgen Neumärker
    Abstract:

    In 1932 Franz Kramer (1887-1967) and Hans Pollnow (1902-43) described a Hyperkinetic Syndrome in children. Basically the symptoms described coincide with what is nowadays regarded as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or Hyperkinetic Syndrome. The authors of the study thus went down in the history of child and adolescent psychiatry with their eponymous Kramer-Pollnow Syndrome, and have had a lasting influence on the development of the concepts relating to this topic. Both worked together at the psychiatric and neurological hospital at Berlin's Charité under its head Karl Bonhoeffer, but as they were both Jewish they were forced to emigrate after the Nazis seized power. Until now, little has been known about the further fate and careers, so this study gives the first comprehensive account of their lives, based on documents found in the archives. It also presents an overview of their work.