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Hiroaki Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristic of lipids and fatty Acid compositions of the neon flying squid, Ommastrephes bartramii.
Journal of Oleo Science, 2020Co-Authors: Hiroaki Saito, Satoru IshikawaAbstract:: The lipids and fatty Acids of the neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) were an-alyzed to clarify its lipid physiology and health benefit as marine food. Triacylglycerols were the only major component in the digestive gland (liver). In all other organs (mantle, arm, integument, and ovary), sterols and phospholipids were the major components with noticeable levels of ceramide aminoethyl phosphonate and sphingomyelin. The significant levels of sphingolipids suggest the O. bartramii lipids is a useful source for cosmetics. Although the lipid content between the liver and all other tissues markedly differed from each other, the same nine dominant fatty Acids in the triacylglycerols were found in all organs; 14:0, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 20:1n-9, 20:1n-11, 22:1n-11, 20:5n-3 (Icosapentaenoic Acid, EPA), and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic Acid, DHA). Unusually high 20:1n-11 levels in the O. bartramii triacylglycerols were probably characteristic for western Pacific animal depot lipids, compared with non-detectable levels of 20:1n-11 reported in other marine animals. O. bartramii concurrently has high levels of DHA in their triacylglycerols. The major fatty Acids in the phospholipids were 16:0, 18:0, 20:1n-9, EPA, and DHA without 20:1n-11. Markedly high levels of both EPA and DHA were observed in phosphatidylethanolamine, while only DHA was found as the major one in phosphatidylcholine. In particular, high levels of DHA were found both in its depot triacylglycerols and tissue phospholipids in all organs of O. bartramii, similar to that in highly migratory fishes. The high DHA levels in all its organs suggest that O. bartramii lipids is a healthy marine source for DHA supplements.
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Lipids and Fatty Acids of Sea Hares Aplysia kurodai and Aplysia juliana: High Levels of Icosapentaenoic and n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acids.
Journal of Oleo Science, 2019Co-Authors: Hiroaki Saito, Hisashi IokaAbstract:The lipid and fatty Acid compositions of two species of gastropods, Aplysia kurodai and Aplysia juliana (collected from shallow sea water), were examined to assess their lipid profiles, health benefits, and the trophic relationships between herbivorous gastropods and their diets. The primary polyunsaturated fatty Acids (PUFAs) found in the neutral lipids of all gastropod organs consisted of four shorter chain n-3 PUFAs: linolenic Acid (LN, 18:3n-3), icosatetraenoic Acid (ITA, 20:4n-3), Icosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5n3), and docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA, 22:5n-3). The PUFAs found in polar lipids were various n-3 and n-6 PUFAs: arachidonic Acid (ARA, 20:4n-6), adrenic Acid (docosatetraenoic Acid, DTA, 22:4n-6), Icosapentaenoic Acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), and docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) in addition to trace levels of docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Various n-3 and n-6 PUFAs (18:2n-6, 20:2n-6, 18:3n-6, 20:3n-6, 18:3n-3, 18:4n-3, 20:3n-3, n-3 ITA, and 22:3n-6,9,15) comprised the biosynthetic profiles of A. kurodai and A. juliana. Both Aplysia species have traditionally been eaten as local foods in Japan, and the high levels of n-3 (EPA and n-3 DPA) and n-6 (ARA and DTA) PUFAs indicate that they are a healthful addition to a human's diet.
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Lipid and Fatty Acids of Three Edible Myctophids, Diaphus watasei, Diaphus suborbitalis, and Benthosema pterotum: High Levels of Icosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids
Journal of Oleo Science, 2014Co-Authors: Kyoko Koizumi, Seiichi Hiratsuka, Hiroaki SaitoAbstract:: The fatty Acid compositions of the total lipids of three edible deep-sea fishes, Diaphus watasei, Diaphus suborbitalis, and Benthosema pterotum, were compared with those of a highly migratory fish, Katsuwonus pelamis, to clarify their lipid characteristics and nutritional value as seafood. The mean lipid contents in the three myctophids were markedly higher than was that of K. pelamis. All three myctophids had medium levels of 20:5n-3 (Icosapentaenoic Acid, EPA) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic Acid, DHA) in their lipids, similar to those in surface pelagic fishes. The actual EPA and DHA amounts of the three myctophid fishes were higher than were those of K. pelamis. Therefore, the nutritional values of the myctophids as source for EPA and DHA are better than that of K. pelamis, and this finding may introduce a new resource of healthy marine food from these under-utilized deep-sea fish species.
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Lipid characteristics of five epinephelinae fishes, Epinephelus fasciatus, Epinephelus retouti, Cephalopholis aurantia, Cephalopholis miniatus, and Variola louti, in the Coral Reef.
Journal of Oleo Science, 2014Co-Authors: Hiroaki SaitoAbstract:: The lipid and fatty Acid compositions of the muscle and liver of five Epinephelinae fishes (Epinephelus fasciatus, Epinephelus retouti, Cephalopholis aurantia, Cephalopholis miniatus, and Variola louti) in the coral reef were investigated. The major polyunsaturated fatty Acid (PUFA) in the Epinephelinae fish triacylglycerols was 22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic Acid; DHA), which was similar to high levels of DHA in the depot triacylglycerols of highly migratory fishes. In the phospholipids of all specimens, unusually high levels of 20:4n-6 (arachidonic Acid; ARA), 22:5n-6 (docosapentaenoic Acid; n-6 DPA), and 20:5n-3 (Icosapentaenoic Acid; EPA) were found with markedly high levels of DHA. Noticeable levels of n-6 long-chain PUFA, such as ARA and n-6 DPA, were found in the muscle and liver polar lipids and suggested a typical profile of the fatty Acid composition of coral demersal fishes. The five Epinephelinae fishes were healthful marine foods containing markedly high levels of DHA with noticeable levels of various n-3 and n-6 PUFA.
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Characteristics of the lipid and fatty Acid compositions of the Humboldt squid, Dosidicus gigas: The trophic relationship between the squid and its prey
European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Hiroaki Saito, Mitsuo Sakai, Toshie WakabayashiAbstract:The lipids and fatty Acids of the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) were examined to assess its lipid physiology and the relationship between the squid and its prey. Similar to highly migratory fishes, D. gigas has high levels of 22:6n-3 (DHA) in its TAGs (21.9–29.0% for mantles and 21.8–23.9% for arms), different from stomach content lipids (1.9–16.5%), which fluctuated or were at very low levels in some samples. The major PUFA in the tissue (mantle, arm, integument, and gonad) phospholipids were 20:5n-3 (Icosapentaenoic Acid, EPA), and DHA. Markedly high levels of both EPA and DHA with noticeable levels of 20:4n-6 (arachidonic Acid; ARA) were observed in phosphatidylethanolamine (17.2–28.8% for EPA, 8.8–22.6% for DHA, and 2.4–11.8% for ARA), while DHA was found as a major component in phosphatidylcholine (30.6–47.8% for DHA). These findings imply a concentration of these PUFA from the storage lipids in the tissues of D. gigas, and that the squid actively concentrates EPA and in particular DHA as a top predator, similar to highly migratory fishes. D. gigas is a healthful marine food containing high levels of EPA and DHA with noticeable levels of ARA.
Hiroyuki Kawano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in aspects such as the collagenous fiber density and foam cell size of atherosclerotic lesions composed of foam cells smooth muscle cells and fibrous components in rabbits caused by all cis 5 8 11 14 17 Icosapentaenoic Acid
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2002Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Kawano, Takashi Yano, Kiyoshi Mizuguchi, Hidenori Mochizuki, Yasushi SaitoAbstract:: Atherosclerotic plaques composed of foamed macrophages, smooth muscle cells and fibrous components in the twice-injured carotid artery from 1% cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits were prepared and the effects of all-cis-5, 8, 11, 14, 17-Icosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the histopathological properties of atherosclerotic lesions were examined. During the test period, there was no significant difference between the control and the EPA-treated groups in serum lipid levels. In the control group, atherosclerotic lesions were composed of foamed macrophages, smooth muscle cells and fibrous components. Some of the lesions had a large core of foamed macrophages covered with a thin cap of smooth muscle cells and fibrous components, and were morphologically similar to human vulnerable plaques. The classification of plaques, composing atherosclerotic lesions based on collagenous fiber density and foam cell size indicated that over 70% of plaques in the control group were poor in collagenous fiber, while about 20% of plaques contained only large foam cells. In contrast to the control group, over 70% of plaques in the EPA-treated group were rich in collagenous fiber and only 3% consisted of large foam cells. These results suggest that EPA changes certain aspects of pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions.
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Effects of highly purified ethyl all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoate (EPA-E) on rabbit platelets.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1993Co-Authors: Masami Sato, Hiroyuki Kawano, Yukio Katsuki, Kaoru Fukuhara, Masahiro Mizota, Yoshimasa Hamada, Yasuyuki KunihiroAbstract:: The effects of ethyl all-cis-5,8,11,14,17-icosapentaenoate (EPA-E), highly purified ethyl ester of Icosapentaenoic Acid (EPA), on rabbit platelets were studied. In in vitro, highly purified EPA (62.5-3000 microM) suppressed the platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic Acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). In ex vivo, a single administration of EPA-E (300 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) and repeated administrations (30 and 300 mg/kg/d, p.o.) for 2 weeks showed no effects on collagen-, AA- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Repeated administrations (30 and 300 mg/kg/d, p.o.) for 4 weeks suppressed the collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but not the AA- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Repeated administrations for 4 weeks also suppressed thromboxane B2 (TXB2) formation induced by collagen, but a single administration and repeated administrations for 2 weeks failed to inhibit TXB2 formation. The EPA level in the platelet phospholipids increased slightly with a single administration, and increased markedly with repeated administrations for 2 and 4 weeks. The AA level in the phospholipids showed practically no changes with a single and repeated administrations. These results suggested that highly purified EPA-E could reduce platelet aggregability by the change of the EPA level in the platelet phospholipids and should allow for a reasonable period of administration.
Yasushi Saito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in aspects such as the collagenous fiber density and foam cell size of atherosclerotic lesions composed of foam cells smooth muscle cells and fibrous components in rabbits caused by all cis 5 8 11 14 17 Icosapentaenoic Acid
Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 2002Co-Authors: Hiroyuki Kawano, Takashi Yano, Kiyoshi Mizuguchi, Hidenori Mochizuki, Yasushi SaitoAbstract:: Atherosclerotic plaques composed of foamed macrophages, smooth muscle cells and fibrous components in the twice-injured carotid artery from 1% cholesterol diet (HCD)-fed rabbits were prepared and the effects of all-cis-5, 8, 11, 14, 17-Icosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) on the histopathological properties of atherosclerotic lesions were examined. During the test period, there was no significant difference between the control and the EPA-treated groups in serum lipid levels. In the control group, atherosclerotic lesions were composed of foamed macrophages, smooth muscle cells and fibrous components. Some of the lesions had a large core of foamed macrophages covered with a thin cap of smooth muscle cells and fibrous components, and were morphologically similar to human vulnerable plaques. The classification of plaques, composing atherosclerotic lesions based on collagenous fiber density and foam cell size indicated that over 70% of plaques in the control group were poor in collagenous fiber, while about 20% of plaques contained only large foam cells. In contrast to the control group, over 70% of plaques in the EPA-treated group were rich in collagenous fiber and only 3% consisted of large foam cells. These results suggest that EPA changes certain aspects of pre-existing atherosclerotic lesions.
J. Urda Cardona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biomass and Icosapentaenoic Acid productivities from an outdoor batch culture of Phaeodactylum tricornutum UTEX 640 in an airlift tubular photobioreactor
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1995Co-Authors: E. Molina Grima, J. A. Sánchez Pérez, F. García Camacho, J. M. Fernández Sevilla, F. G. Acién Fernández, J. Urda CardonaAbstract:An outdoor tubular photobioreactor, based on an external-loop airlift, has been used to cultivate the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum UTEX 640, rich in Icosapentaenoic Acid (EPA). The system was operated in batch mode. The specific growth rate in the exponential phase, averaged over the whole day, was 0.254 day^−1 · A 25 gl^−1 maximum biomass concentration was obtained by the end of the culture period. The dissolved oxygen generated never rose over 210% of air saturation nor was there impediment to biomass generation or inhibition of photosynthesis. Furthermore, around 2 × 10^17 quanta cm^−2 s^−1 light intensity seemed to saturate the photosynthetic activity. Biomass losses during the night could be reduced to less than 5% by maintaining the culture at 16°C at night. The maximum concentration and productivity of EPA were 423 mgl^−1 and 13 mgl^−1 day^−1, respectively, at the end of the culture, although a 21-mgl^−1 day^−1 net EPA generation rate was obtained at the linear growth phase.
Takahiko Aoyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in platelet count and mean volume of platelet after administration of Icosapentaenoic Acid ethyl ester and factors that may affect those changes
Japanese journal of geriatrics, 1994Co-Authors: Takashi Saga, Takahiko Aoyama, Tadami TakekoshiAbstract:: A total of 34 patients, aged 43 to 86 years old (mean 65), consisting of 26 males and 8 females, with thrombotic or arteriosclerotic diseases were orally given highly purified eIcosapentaenoic Acid ethyl-ester formulation (IPA-E) for 12 weeks without changing regular food intake. Changes in platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet-crit (Pct) and change of distribution width of platelet size (PDW), and factors affecting the changes were studied administration, dose of IPA-E, age, sex, smoking habits, complications of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, and concomitant drugs such as calcium antagonists or diuretics. With daily administration of 1800 or 900 mg of IPA-E, PLT and Pct began to decrease after four weeks and decreased significantly after eight weeks until the completion of administration. After the 12th week, the MVP became smaller than the preadministration level, while PDW did not change significantly during the entire period of administration. The volume and rates of changes in PLT, MPV and Pct during administration for 12 weeks correlated negatively with those preadministration values. The PLT, MPV and Pct decreased significantly in both the 1800 and 900 mg groups compared to values before administration. There were no significant differences in changes between the two groups. The plasma IPA concentration in the 12th week of the 1800 mg group was significantly higher than that of the 900 mg group. The rate of changes in Pct had a significantly negative correlation with the achieved IPA concentration. The age, smoking habits, complications of diabetes mellitus, or concomitant drugs of calcium antagonists or diuretics did not affect the changes of platelet parameters significantly. The PLT and Pct in male patients decreased significantly, but no significant changes were observed in female patients. The PLT and Pct in patients with IIb and IV hyperlipidemia decreased significantly compared to those in normolipidemic or IIa hyperlipidemic subjects. The study demonstrated that IPA-E improved platelet parameters, suggesting IPA-E could prevent progression of thrombotic and arteriosclerotic diseases, IPA-E was particularly effective in male patients or patients with Type IIb or IV hyperlipidemia. Although a daily dose of 900 mg was effective, 1800 mg was even more effective.
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the effect on changes in serum lipids and factors that may affect those changes after administration of Icosapentaenoic Acid ethyl ester
Japanese journal of geriatrics, 1993Co-Authors: Takashi Saga, Takahiko Aoyama, Tadami TakekoshiAbstract:: The effects of high-purity IPA-E administration on changes in serum lipids and factors that may affect those changes were investigated in 55 patients with arteriosclerotic disease (34 males and 21 females, aged 43-85) under a regular daily diet. Daily administration of 1800 mg or 900 mg IPA-E resulted in a significant decrease or tendency to decrease in serum TG, TC and LDL-C 4 weeks after the initial administration, which continued throughout the administration period. Apo-protein analysis revealed a significant increase in A-I and a significant decrease in B and E after the administration of IPA-E. Lipoprotein analysis disclosed decreasing tendency of VLDL, IDL, LDL and TG, where the changes in VLDL-C, VLDL-TG and TG were significant. The amount and rate of change in TG, TC and LDL-C after IPA-E administration had a significant negative correlation with their respective pre-administration values. The decrease from pre-administration values was significant for patients with abnormal values in both dosage groups. The average rate of decrease in TC and LDL-C were greater in the group receiving administration of 1800 mg/day than that receiving 900 mg/day, but the difference in the change was not significant between the 2 groups. Correlations between the amount or rate of decrease in TC or LDL-C and the baseline value, achieved value, or amount or rate of increase in plasma IPA concentration and IPA/AA ratio were not significant. However, the negative correlation between the rate of change in TG and achieved IPA concentration was significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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the effect of various factors on changes in the levels of unsaturated fatty Acid in plasma and serum lipids after administration of Icosapentaenoic Acid ethyl ester
Japanese journal of geriatrics, 1993Co-Authors: Takashi Saga, Takahiko AoyamaAbstract:: We administered a highly purified Icosapentaenoic Acid ethyl ester (IPA-E) preparation orally for 12 weeks to 32 male and 22 female patients aged 43 to 85 (average 67 years) with arteriosclerosis to investigate the effects of various factors on changes in the levels of unsaturated fatty Acid in plasma and serum lipids. On administration of 1800 mg/day of IPA-E, the plasma level of IPA increased significantly, while the plasma level of DHLA decreased significantly, but no significant changes were observed in plasma DHA and AA concentrations. There were significant inverse correlations between the pretreatment levels of plasma IPA and IPA/AA, and the volumes and ratios of changes in their plasma levels following administration of IPA-E. There was no significant correlation between patient age or concomitant administration of calcium antagonists and baseline plasma IPA level and IPA/AA value or changes in these parameters after administration of IPA-E. In male patients, the plasma IPA level before treatment was higher than that in female patients, while the increase in plasma IPA level after administration of IPA-E tended to be smaller than in female patients. In diabetic patients and those receiving diuretics concomitantly, plasma IPA/AA values before treatment with IPA-E were higher, while the increase in IPA/AA values after treatment tended to be smaller than other groups of patients. On analysis of covariance on modified baseline volume before treatment, the effect of age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus and concurrent use of calcium antagonist or diuretics was not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
