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Katharina Von Kriegstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporal voice areas exist in autism spectrum disorder but are dysfunctional for voice Identity Recognition
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Stefanie Schelinski, Kamila Borowiak, Katharina Von KriegsteinAbstract:: The ability to recognise the Identity of others is a key requirement for successful communication. Brain regions that respond selectively to voices exist in humans from early infancy on. Currently, it is unclear whether dysfunction of these voice-sensitive regions can explain voice Identity Recognition impairments. Here, we used two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to investigate voice processing in a population that has been reported to have no voice-sensitive regions: autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our results refute the earlier report that individuals with ASD have no responses in voice-sensitive regions: Passive listening to vocal, compared to non-vocal, sounds elicited typical responses in voice-sensitive regions in the high-functioning ASD group and controls. In contrast, the ASD group had a dysfunction in voice-sensitive regions during voice Identity but not speech Recognition in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG)-a region implicated in processing complex spectrotemporal voice features and unfamiliar voices. The right anterior STS/STG correlated with voice Identity Recognition performance in controls but not in the ASD group. The findings suggest that right STS/STG dysfunction is critical for explaining voice Recognition impairments in high-functioning ASD and show that ASD is not characterised by a general lack of voice-sensitive responses.
Ilaria Miniopaluello - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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face individual Identity Recognition a potential endophenotype in autism
Molecular Autism, 2020Co-Authors: Ilaria Miniopaluello, Giuseppina Porciello, Alvaro Pascualleone, Simon BaroncohenAbstract:BACKGROUND Face individual Identity Recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual Identity Recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face Identity Recognition) occurs in 2-3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. METHODS The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms' severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. RESULTS More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom's severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face Identity Recognition was instead linked to mental state Recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants' basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. LIMITATIONS We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. CONCLUSIONS Impaired face individual Identity Recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models.
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face individual Identity Recognition a potential endophenotype in autism
Molecular Autism, 2020Co-Authors: Ilaria Miniopaluello, Giuseppina Porciello, Alvaro Pascualleone, Simon BaroncohenAbstract:Face individual Identity Recognition skill is heritable and independent of intellectual ability. Difficulties in face individual Identity Recognition are present in autistic individuals and their family members and are possibly linked to oxytocin polymorphisms in families with an autistic child. While it is reported that developmental prosopagnosia (i.e., impaired face Identity Recognition) occurs in 2–3% of the general population, no prosopagnosia prevalence estimate is available for autism. Furthermore, an autism within-group approach has not been reported towards characterizing impaired face memory and to investigate its possible links to social and communication difficulties. The present study estimated the prevalence of prosopagnosia in 80 autistic adults with no intellectual disability, investigated its cognitive characteristics and links to autism symptoms’ severity, personality traits, and mental state understanding from the eye region by using standardized tests and questionnaires. More than one third of autistic participants showed prosopagnosia. Their face memory skill was not associated with their symptom’s severity, empathy, alexithymia, or general intelligence. Face Identity Recognition was instead linked to mental state Recognition from the eye region only in autistic individuals who had prosopagnosia, and this relationship did not depend on participants’ basic face perception skills. Importantly, we found that autistic participants were not aware of their face memory skills. We did not test an epidemiological sample, and additional work is necessary to establish whether these results generalize to the entire autism spectrum. Impaired face individual Identity Recognition meets the criteria to be a potential endophenotype in autism. In the future, testing for face memory could be used to stratify autistic individuals into genetically meaningful subgroups and be translatable to autism animal models.
Nancy Kanwisher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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face Recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders are both domain specific and process specific
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah Weigelt, Kami Koldewyn, Nancy KanwisherAbstract:Although many studies have reported face Identity Recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), two fundamental question remains: 1) Is this deficit “process specific” for face memory in particular, or does it extend to perceptual discrimination of faces as well? And 2) Is the deficit “domain specific” for faces, or is it found more generally for other social or even nonsocial stimuli? The answers to these questions are important both for understanding the nature of autism and its developmental etiology, and for understanding the functional architecture of face processing in the typical brain. Here we show that children with ASD are impaired (compared to age and IQ-matched typical children) in face memory, but not face perception, demonstrating process specificity. Further, we find no deficit for either memory or perception of places or cars, indicating domain specificity. Importantly, we further showed deficits in both the perception and memory of bodies, suggesting that the relevant domain of deficit may be social rather than specifically facial. These results provide a more precise characterization of the cognitive phenotype of autism and further indicate a functional dissociation between face memory and face perception.
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face Identity Recognition in autism spectrum disorders a review of behavioral studies
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2012Co-Authors: Sarah Weigelt, Kami Koldewyn, Nancy KanwisherAbstract:Face Recognition – the ability to recognize a person from their facial appearance – is essential for normal social interaction. Face Recognition deficits have been implicated in the most common disorder of social interaction: autism. Here we ask: is face Identity Recognition in fact impaired in people with autism? Reviewing behavioral studies we find no strong evidence for a qualitative difference in how facial Identity is processed between those with and without autism: markers of typical face Identity Recognition, such as the face inversion effect, seem to be present in people with autism. However, quantitatively – i.e., how well facial Identity is remembered or discriminated – people with autism perform worse than typical individuals. This impairment is particularly clear in face memory and in face perception tasks in which a delay intervenes between sample and test, and less so in tasks with no memory demand. Although some evidence suggests that this deficit may be specific to faces, further evidence on this question is necessary.
Stefanie Schelinski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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temporal voice areas exist in autism spectrum disorder but are dysfunctional for voice Identity Recognition
Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2016Co-Authors: Stefanie Schelinski, Kamila Borowiak, Katharina Von KriegsteinAbstract:: The ability to recognise the Identity of others is a key requirement for successful communication. Brain regions that respond selectively to voices exist in humans from early infancy on. Currently, it is unclear whether dysfunction of these voice-sensitive regions can explain voice Identity Recognition impairments. Here, we used two independent functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to investigate voice processing in a population that has been reported to have no voice-sensitive regions: autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our results refute the earlier report that individuals with ASD have no responses in voice-sensitive regions: Passive listening to vocal, compared to non-vocal, sounds elicited typical responses in voice-sensitive regions in the high-functioning ASD group and controls. In contrast, the ASD group had a dysfunction in voice-sensitive regions during voice Identity but not speech Recognition in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus/gyrus (STS/STG)-a region implicated in processing complex spectrotemporal voice features and unfamiliar voices. The right anterior STS/STG correlated with voice Identity Recognition performance in controls but not in the ASD group. The findings suggest that right STS/STG dysfunction is critical for explaining voice Recognition impairments in high-functioning ASD and show that ASD is not characterised by a general lack of voice-sensitive responses.
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Visual abilities are important for auditory-only speech Recognition: Evidence from autism spectrum disorder
Neuropsychologia, 2014Co-Authors: Stefanie Schelinski, Philipp Riedel, Katharina Von KriegsteinAbstract:In auditory-only conditions, for example when we listen to someone on the phone, it is essential to fast and accurately recognize what is said (speech Recognition). Previous studies have shown that speech Recognition performance in auditory-only conditions is better if the speaker is known not only by voice, but also by face. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such an improvement in auditory-only speech Recognition depends on the ability to lip-read. To test this we recruited a group of adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition associated with difficulties in lip-reading, and typicallydeveloped controls. All participants were trained to identify six speakers by name and voice. Three speakers were learned by a video showing their face and three others were learned in a matched control condition without face. After training, participants performed an auditory-only speech Recognition test that consisted of sentences spoken by the trained speakers. As a control condition, the test also included speaker Identity Recognition on the same auditory material. The results showed that, in the control group, performance in speech Recognition was improved for speakers known by face in comparison to speakers learned in the matched control condition without face. The ASD group lacked such a performance benefit. For the ASD group auditory-only speech Recognition was even worse for speakers known by face compared to speakers not known by face. In speaker Identity Recognition, the ASD group performed worse than the control group independent of whether the speakers were learned with or without face. Two additional visual experiments showed that the ASD group performed worse in lip-reading whereas face Identity Recognition was within the normal range. The findings support the view that auditory-only communication involves specific visual mechanisms. Further, they indicate that in ASD, speaker-specific dynamic visual information is not available to optimize auditory-only speech Recognition.
Sarah Weigelt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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face Recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders are both domain specific and process specific
PLOS ONE, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah Weigelt, Kami Koldewyn, Nancy KanwisherAbstract:Although many studies have reported face Identity Recognition deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD), two fundamental question remains: 1) Is this deficit “process specific” for face memory in particular, or does it extend to perceptual discrimination of faces as well? And 2) Is the deficit “domain specific” for faces, or is it found more generally for other social or even nonsocial stimuli? The answers to these questions are important both for understanding the nature of autism and its developmental etiology, and for understanding the functional architecture of face processing in the typical brain. Here we show that children with ASD are impaired (compared to age and IQ-matched typical children) in face memory, but not face perception, demonstrating process specificity. Further, we find no deficit for either memory or perception of places or cars, indicating domain specificity. Importantly, we further showed deficits in both the perception and memory of bodies, suggesting that the relevant domain of deficit may be social rather than specifically facial. These results provide a more precise characterization of the cognitive phenotype of autism and further indicate a functional dissociation between face memory and face perception.
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face Identity Recognition in autism spectrum disorders a review of behavioral studies
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2012Co-Authors: Sarah Weigelt, Kami Koldewyn, Nancy KanwisherAbstract:Face Recognition – the ability to recognize a person from their facial appearance – is essential for normal social interaction. Face Recognition deficits have been implicated in the most common disorder of social interaction: autism. Here we ask: is face Identity Recognition in fact impaired in people with autism? Reviewing behavioral studies we find no strong evidence for a qualitative difference in how facial Identity is processed between those with and without autism: markers of typical face Identity Recognition, such as the face inversion effect, seem to be present in people with autism. However, quantitatively – i.e., how well facial Identity is remembered or discriminated – people with autism perform worse than typical individuals. This impairment is particularly clear in face memory and in face perception tasks in which a delay intervenes between sample and test, and less so in tasks with no memory demand. Although some evidence suggests that this deficit may be specific to faces, further evidence on this question is necessary.
