The Experts below are selected from a list of 270 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Avril V Somlyo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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acceleration of myosin light chain dephosphorylation and relaxation of smooth muscle by telokin synergism with cyclic nucleotide activated kinase
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: Xuqiong Wu, Timothy A J Haystead, Robert K Nakamoto, Avril V SomlyoAbstract:Abstract Incorporation of 32P into telokin, a smooth muscle-specific, 17–18-kDa, acidic (pI 4.2–4.4) protein, was increased by forskolin (20 μm) in intact rabbit Ileum smooth muscle (Ileum) and by 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (100 μm) in α-toxin-permeabilized Ileum. Native telokin (5–20 μm), purified from turkey gizzard, and recombinant rabbit telokin, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to >90% purity, induced dose-dependent relaxation, associated with a significant decrease in regulatory myosin light chain phosphorylation, without affecting the rate of thiophosphorylation of regulatory myosin light chain of Ileum permeabilized with 0.1% Triton X-100. Endogenous telokin was lost from Ileum during prolonged permeabilization (>20 min) with 0.1% Triton X-100, and the time course of loss was correlated with the loss of 8-bromo-cyclic GMP-induced calcium desensitization. Recombinant and native gizzard telokins were phosphorylated, in vitro, by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase; the recombinant protein was also phosphorylated by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Exogenous cGMP-dependent protein kinase (0.5 μm) activated by 8-bromo-cyclic GMP (50 μm) phosphorylated recombinant telokin (10 μm) when added concurrently to Ileum depleted of its endogenous telokin, and their relaxant effects were mutually potentiated. Forskolin (20 μm) also increased phosphorylation of telokin in intact Ileum. We conclude that telokin induces calcium desensitization in smooth muscle by enhancing myosin light chain phosphatase activity, and cGMP- and/or cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of telokin up-regulates its relaxant effect.
Michael Sackmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crohn disease of the small bowel proximal to the terminal Ileum detection by mr enteroclysis
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Ochsenkuhn, K Herrmann, Stefan O Schoenberg, M Reiser, Burkhard Goke, Michael SackmannAbstract:Background: Although Crohn disease (CD) can affect the entire alimentary tract, the proportion of patients with small‐bowel inflammation proximal to the terminal Ileum is still unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with small‐bowel enteroclysis can detect inflammatory lesions of the small bowel. Hence, we applied MR‐enteroclysis to assess the percentage of patients with small‐bowel inflammation proximal to the terminal Ileum among patients with CD and abdominal pain. Methods: Twenty‐five consecutive patients with low, active CD of the colon and/or terminal Ileum and episodes of abdominal pain were examined by both MR‐enteroclysis and conventional enteroclysis. The findings of MR‐enteroclysis were compared with endoscopic and histological results in the terminal Ileum and conventional enteroclysis in the small bowel proximal to the terminal Ileum. Results: In 13 of the 25 patients, inflammation of the small bowel proximal to the terminal Ileum was shown by MR‐enteroclysis, whereas in only 4 of...
Xiaoyan Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dexamethasone inhibits small intestinal growth via increased protein catabolism in neonatal pigs
American Journal of Physiology-endocrinology and Metabolism, 1999Co-Authors: Douglas G Burrin, T J Wester, Teresa A Davis, Marta L Fiorotto, Xiaoyan ChangAbstract:Our objective was to determine how dexamethasone (Dex) affects gastrointestinal protein metabolism and growth in neonatal pigs. Two-day-old pigs were given daily subcutaneous injections of either Dex (1 mg/kg body wt,n = 7) or saline (control,n = 6) for 7 days. In vivo protein synthesis was measured after 7 days with a bolus of [3H]phenylalanine. Tissue protein contents were measured in an initial control group of 2-day-old pigs and in control and Dex pigs after 7 days to estimate protein accretion and degradation. In control pigs, the protein accretion in the Ileum was nearly sixfold greater than in the jejunum during the 7-day period. Dex nominally altered stomach growth but completely blocked the accretion of protein and DNA in the jejunum and Ileum, with reduced villus height in the Ileum. Dex increased the fractional protein degradation rate in the Ileum (28%) and decreased the absolute protein synthesis rate in the jejunum and Ileum by 17 and 21%, respectively. Dex resulted in a 40% lower total inte...
Philip K Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the smooth muscle relaxant effect of hydrogen sulphide in vitro evidence for a physiological role to control intestinal contractility
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2002Co-Authors: B Teague, S Asiedu, Philip K MooreAbstract:Sodium hydrogen sulphide (NaHS), a donor of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), produced dose-related relaxation of the rabbit isolated Ileum (EC50, 76.4±7.9 μM) and rat vas deferens (EC50, 64.8±5.4 μM) and reduced ACh-mediated contraction of the guinea-pig isolated Ileum. NaHS also reduced the response of the guinea-pig (EC50, 80.0±5.7 μM) and rat (EC50, 108.2±11.2 μM) Ileum preparations to electrical stimulation of the intramural nerves. In guinea-pig Ileum this effect was spontaneously reversible and mimicked by sodium nitroprusside (SNP, EC50, 2.1 μM). Combination of NaHS (20 μM) with SNP (0.5 μM) produced a greater than additive inhibition of the twitch response of the Ileum to electrical stimulation. The inhibitory effect of NaHS on the field-stimulated guinea-pig Ileum was unaffected by pretreatment with L-NAME (100 μM), indomethacin (10 μM), naloxone (1 μM) or glibenclamide (100 μM). Furthermore, NaHS (200 μM) did not affect the contractile response of the Ileum to KCl (10 to 60 mM). Propargylglycine (PAG, 1 mM) and β-cyanoalanine (BCA, 1 mM) (inhibitors of cystathionine-γ-lyase) but not aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA, 1 mM) (inhibitor of cystathionine-β-synthetase) caused a slowly developing increase in the contraction of the guinea-pig Ileum to field stimulation. This effect was reversed by cysteine (1 mM). These results show that NaHS relaxes gastrointestinal and urogenital smooth muscle and suggest that H2S is responsible for these effects. The possibility that endogenous H2S, formed as a consequence of activation of intramural nerves, plays a part in controlling the contractility of the guinea-pig Ileum is discussed. British Journal of Pharmacology (2002) 137, 139–145. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704858
Thomas Ochsenkuhn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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crohn disease of the small bowel proximal to the terminal Ileum detection by mr enteroclysis
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004Co-Authors: Thomas Ochsenkuhn, K Herrmann, Stefan O Schoenberg, M Reiser, Burkhard Goke, Michael SackmannAbstract:Background: Although Crohn disease (CD) can affect the entire alimentary tract, the proportion of patients with small‐bowel inflammation proximal to the terminal Ileum is still unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with small‐bowel enteroclysis can detect inflammatory lesions of the small bowel. Hence, we applied MR‐enteroclysis to assess the percentage of patients with small‐bowel inflammation proximal to the terminal Ileum among patients with CD and abdominal pain. Methods: Twenty‐five consecutive patients with low, active CD of the colon and/or terminal Ileum and episodes of abdominal pain were examined by both MR‐enteroclysis and conventional enteroclysis. The findings of MR‐enteroclysis were compared with endoscopic and histological results in the terminal Ileum and conventional enteroclysis in the small bowel proximal to the terminal Ileum. Results: In 13 of the 25 patients, inflammation of the small bowel proximal to the terminal Ileum was shown by MR‐enteroclysis, whereas in only 4 of...
