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Florian H Ebner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0° endoscope. A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World Neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Background Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. Methods On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. Results The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0°endoscope. Conclusions A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting.

Guenther C Feigl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Feasibility and accuracy of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3D Image Rendering in preoperative planning and as a learning tool for young neurosurgeons, exemplified by the anatomical localization of the superior sagittal sinus.
    Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Firas Thaher, Soeren Danz, Anne Katrin Hickmann, Antje Fahrig, Tomaz Velnar, Marcel Kullmann
    Abstract:

    It is essential for a neurosurgeon to know individual anatomy and the corresponding anatomical landmarks before starting a surgery. Continuous training, especially of young neurosurgeons, is crucial for understanding complex neuroanatomy. In this study, we used a neuronavigation system with 3D volumetric Image Rendering to determine the anatomical relationship between the sagittal suture and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in patients with intracranial lesions. Furthermore, we discussed the applicability of such system in preoperative planning, residency training, and research. The study included 30 adult patients (18 female/12 male) who underwent a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan combined with venous angiography, for preoperative planning. The position of the sagittal suture in relation to the SSS was assessed in 3D CT Images using an Image guidance system (IGS) with 3D volumetric Image Rendering. Measurements were performed along the course of the sagittal sinus at the bregma, lambda, and in the middle between these two points. The SSS deviated to the right side of the sagittal suture in 50% of cases at the bregma, and in 46.7% at the midpoint and lambda. The SSS was displaced to the left of the sagittal suture in 10% of cases at the bregma and lambda and in 13% at the midpoint. IGSs with 3D volumetric Image Rendering enable simultaneous visualization of bony surfaces, soft tissue and vascular structures and interactive modulation of tissue transparency. They can be used in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to validate external landmarks and to determine anatomical relationships. In addition, 3D IGSs can be utilized for training of surgical residents and for research in anatomy.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0° endoscope. A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World Neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Background Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. Methods On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. Results The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0°endoscope. Conclusions A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting.

Marcos Tatagiba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Feasibility and accuracy of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3D Image Rendering in preoperative planning and as a learning tool for young neurosurgeons, exemplified by the anatomical localization of the superior sagittal sinus.
    Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Firas Thaher, Soeren Danz, Anne Katrin Hickmann, Antje Fahrig, Tomaz Velnar, Marcel Kullmann
    Abstract:

    It is essential for a neurosurgeon to know individual anatomy and the corresponding anatomical landmarks before starting a surgery. Continuous training, especially of young neurosurgeons, is crucial for understanding complex neuroanatomy. In this study, we used a neuronavigation system with 3D volumetric Image Rendering to determine the anatomical relationship between the sagittal suture and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in patients with intracranial lesions. Furthermore, we discussed the applicability of such system in preoperative planning, residency training, and research. The study included 30 adult patients (18 female/12 male) who underwent a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan combined with venous angiography, for preoperative planning. The position of the sagittal suture in relation to the SSS was assessed in 3D CT Images using an Image guidance system (IGS) with 3D volumetric Image Rendering. Measurements were performed along the course of the sagittal sinus at the bregma, lambda, and in the middle between these two points. The SSS deviated to the right side of the sagittal suture in 50% of cases at the bregma, and in 46.7% at the midpoint and lambda. The SSS was displaced to the left of the sagittal suture in 10% of cases at the bregma and lambda and in 13% at the midpoint. IGSs with 3D volumetric Image Rendering enable simultaneous visualization of bony surfaces, soft tissue and vascular structures and interactive modulation of tissue transparency. They can be used in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to validate external landmarks and to determine anatomical relationships. In addition, 3D IGSs can be utilized for training of surgical residents and for research in anatomy.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World Neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Background Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. Methods On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. Results The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0°endoscope. Conclusions A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0° endoscope. A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • CARS - Volumetric three-dimensional real-time Image Rendering for surgical planning and virtual simulation in intracranial procedures
    International Congress Series, 2003
    Co-Authors: Alireza Gharabaghi, Steffen K. Rosahl, Günter C. Feigl, Hans-joachim Freund, Marcos Tatagiba, Ramin Shahidi, Madjid Samii
    Abstract:

    Abstract With the advent of Image guidance systems, the intraoperative localization of intracranial lesions has become safer and damage to healthy tissue can be minimized. However, surgical planning and the operative approach are still largely based on triaxial Images that have to be reconstructed mentally by the surgeon. We investigated the possibility to plan and to simulate surgical approaches to intracranial lesions based on three-dimensional (3D) volumetric Image Rendering capabilities of a new navigation system (CBYON). Fifty-seven patients with intracranial lesions underwent a preoperative MRI (1.5 or 3 T) after placement of adhesive fiducial markers. The cortical surface was reconstructed three-dimensionally based on a volumetric Rendering algorithm with the CBYON guidance system. By modulation of the opacity of overlying structures, tumors could be visualized simultaneously with the cortical surface. Before surgery, a “fly-through” video option was used to simulate the surgical approach to the lesion. Real-time 3D Image Rendering of the cortical surface was possible in all patients. During planning, several possible approaches and patient positions could be compared within seconds. The new guidance system allowed for fast-and-easy assessment of the complex anatomical structure of gyri and sulci and the course of hidden vessels. The possibility to visualize the cortical surface in real-time 3D Images that match the surgical situs represents a new quality in surgical planning and virtual simulation. This feature by far surpasses triaxial scan Rendering and allows for instantaneous familiarization of individual intraoperative anatomy. In combination with virtual fly-through options volumetric three-dimensional real-time Image Rendering may become indispensable in neurosurgical planning, teaching and intraoperative navigation in approaches to intracranial lesions.

Firas Thaher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Feasibility and accuracy of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3D Image Rendering in preoperative planning and as a learning tool for young neurosurgeons, exemplified by the anatomical localization of the superior sagittal sinus.
    Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Firas Thaher, Soeren Danz, Anne Katrin Hickmann, Antje Fahrig, Tomaz Velnar, Marcel Kullmann
    Abstract:

    It is essential for a neurosurgeon to know individual anatomy and the corresponding anatomical landmarks before starting a surgery. Continuous training, especially of young neurosurgeons, is crucial for understanding complex neuroanatomy. In this study, we used a neuronavigation system with 3D volumetric Image Rendering to determine the anatomical relationship between the sagittal suture and the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) in patients with intracranial lesions. Furthermore, we discussed the applicability of such system in preoperative planning, residency training, and research. The study included 30 adult patients (18 female/12 male) who underwent a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan combined with venous angiography, for preoperative planning. The position of the sagittal suture in relation to the SSS was assessed in 3D CT Images using an Image guidance system (IGS) with 3D volumetric Image Rendering. Measurements were performed along the course of the sagittal sinus at the bregma, lambda, and in the middle between these two points. The SSS deviated to the right side of the sagittal suture in 50% of cases at the bregma, and in 46.7% at the midpoint and lambda. The SSS was displaced to the left of the sagittal suture in 10% of cases at the bregma and lambda and in 13% at the midpoint. IGSs with 3D volumetric Image Rendering enable simultaneous visualization of bony surfaces, soft tissue and vascular structures and interactive modulation of tissue transparency. They can be used in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance to validate external landmarks and to determine anatomical relationships. In addition, 3D IGSs can be utilized for training of surgical residents and for research in anatomy.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0° endoscope. A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  • Evaluation of a 3-dimensional voxel-based neuronavigation system with perspective Image Rendering for keyhole approaches to the skull base: an anatomical study.
    World Neurosurgery, 2013
    Co-Authors: Guenther C Feigl, Marcos Tatagiba, Boris Krischek, Rainer Ritz, Firas Thaher, Jakob S Marquardt, Bernhard Hirt, Andreas Korn, Martin Schumann, Florian H Ebner
    Abstract:

    Background Keeping track of the endoscope tip in 3 planes (axial, coronal, and sagittal) while performing skull base surgeries can be difficult because the surgeon is focused most on the live video Images of the endoscope. For that reason, it was the aim of this anatomical cadaver study to evaluate the usefulness of a voxel-based neuronavigation system with 3-dimensional (3D) perspective Image Rendering for endoscopic procedures through keyhole approaches to the skull base. Methods On 5 whole-body fixed cadavers, frontolateral and retrosigmoid approaches were performed bilaterally using a neuronavigation system with 3D perspective Image Rendering (Cbyon, Med-Surgical Services Inc., Sunnyvale, California). Target points defined on the selected target structures were approached with the navigated ∅ 4-mm 0° endoscope (Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). Using an Endocameleon 4-mm rigid endoscope capable of changing its angle of view while remaining stationary, the surgical field was checked for injuries before and after insertion of the navigated 0° endoscope. Results The median neuronavigation registration error was 0.95 mm (range 0.6 to 1.2 mm). Evaluation showed that 100% of the defined targets were reached and visualized. Neither a target structure nor neurovascular structures or surrounding brain tissue were injured by the navigated 0°endoscope. Conclusions A neuronavigation system with 3D voxel-based perspective Image Rendering could potentially improve safety during complex skull base surgeries, and possibly also help to improve surgical results. Such a system, however, cannot replace a neurosurgeon's experience nor surgical skill or anatomical knowledge. It is an excellent teaching tool for young neurosurgeons, but it also has some limitations. Therefore, clinical studies will be necessary to further evaluate the benefits of this type of neuronavigation system in a clinical setting.

Yun Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Virtual View Image Rendering Using Groundtruth Disparity Map
    2011 International Conference on Internet Technology and Applications, 2011
    Co-Authors: Tao Qiu, Yun Zhang
    Abstract:

    The existing disparity map based virtual view Rendering may decrease the sharpness of the rendered Image, or result in ghosts. In this paper, a new disparity map based virtual view Rendering method is proposed. The left and the right view Images and their corresponding disparity maps are used to render intermediate virtual view Image respectively. Then the two rendered Images resulted from the left and the right references are fused, and the remained holes are interpolated with the neighbouring pixels of the holes. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve high object quality as well as high PSNR of the rendered virtual view Image.