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Carlos M. Contreras - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stressors can affect Immobility Time and response to imipramine in the rat forced swim test
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Ana G Gutierrezgarcia, Carlos M. ContrerasAbstract:We subjected Wistar rats to the forced swim test (FST) to compare the effects of two doses of imipramine in physically stressed rats (P: unavoidable electric footshocks), emotionally stressed rats (E: odors), or non-stressed rats (C). Stress or control sessions lasted 35 days. Drug treatments began on day 21 and continued for the next 14 days. E rats were placed for 10 min, once per day for 35 days, in a small non-movement-restricting cage impregnated with urine collected from a P rat. E and P rats exhibited opposite changes in locomotion. After 21 days of stress sessions, P rats displayed the longest Immobility Times in the FST, followed by E rats. In the P group, on day 7 of treatment (day 28 of the study), imipramine (2.5 mg/kg) reduced Immobility Time to baseline values. In the E group, Immobility Time decreased only after 14 days of treatment with the low imipramine dose. The high dose of imipramine (5.0 mg/kg) reduced Immobility Time at day 7 of treatment in all groups. In conclusion, physical and emotional stress similarly increased Immobility Time in the FST, but emotional stress appears to be more resistant to imipramine treatment.
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Stressors can affect Immobility Time and response to imipramine in the rat forced swim test
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2009Co-Authors: Ana G. Gutiérrez-garcía, Carlos M. ContrerasAbstract:We subjected Wistar rats to the forced swim test (FST) to compare the effects of two doses of imipramine in physically stressed rats (P: unavoidable electric footshocks), emotionally stressed rats (E: odors), or non-stressed rats (C). Stress or control sessions lasted 35 days. Drug treatments began on day 21 and continued for the next 14 days. E rats were placed for 10 min, once per day for 35 days, in a small non-movement-restricting cage impregnated with urine collected from a P rat. E and P rats exhibited opposite changes in locomotion. After 21 days of stress sessions, P rats displayed the longest Immobility Times in the FST, followed by E rats. In the P group, on day 7 of treatment (day 28 of the study), imipramine (2.5 mg/kg) reduced Immobility Time to baseline values. In the E group, Immobility Time decreased only after 14 days of treatment with the low imipramine dose. The high dose of imipramine (5.0 mg/kg) reduced Immobility Time at day 7 of treatment in all groups. In conclusion, physical and emotional stress similarly increased Immobility Time in the FST, but emotional stress appears to be more resistant to imipramine treatment. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Filippo Drago - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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melatonin affects the Immobility Time of rats in the forced swim test the role of serotonin neurotransmission
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Vincenzo Micale, Anna Arezzi, Liborio Rampello, Filippo DragoAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of melatonin or its derivatives in depressive patients has been recently considered for clinical application. However, the evidence for its effect on experimental models of depression is not consolidated. Here, the effects of melatonin on the model of forced swim test (FST) paradigm were studied in male rats of the Wistar strain after acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of the hormone. Melatonin at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, but not of 0.1 mg/kg, decreased the Immobility of rats in the FST paradigm suggesting a possible antidepressant-like activity. The dose of 0.5 mg/kg appeared to be as potent as clomipramine 50 mg/kg in reducing the Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm. The effect of melatonin on Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm was abolished by the simultaneous injection of the non-selective melatonin antagonist, luzindole (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Similarly, administration of small quantities of serotonin (5-HT, 5 ng/1 μl) or of the 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (2 ng/1 μl) injected into the amygdale totally suppressed the reduction of Immobility Time in the FST paradigm induced by melatonin 0.5 mg/kg. These results may suggest that effects of melatonin on the behavioral reaction of rats in the FST paradigm are due to an interaction of the hormone with central 5-HT neurotransmission.
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Melatonin affects the Immobility Time of rats in the forced swim test: The role of serotonin neurotransmission
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Vincenzo Micale, Anna Arezzi, Liborio Rampello, Filippo DragoAbstract:The efficacy of melatonin or its derivatives in depressive patients has been recently considered for clinical application. However, the evidence for its effect on experimental models of depression is not consolidated. Here, the effects of melatonin on the model of forced swim test (FST) paradigm were studied in male rats of the Wistar strain after acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of the hormone. Melatonin at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, but not of 0.1 mg/kg, decreased the Immobility of rats in the FST paradigm suggesting a possible antidepressant-like activity. The dose of 0.5 mg/kg appeared to be as potent as clomipramine 50 mg/kg in reducing the Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm. The effect of melatonin on Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm was abolished by the simultaneous injection of the non-selective melatonin antagonist, luzindole (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Similarly, administration of small quantities of serotonin (5-HT, 5 ng/1 μl) or of the 5-HT2A/5-HT2C receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (2 ng/1 μl) injected into the amygdale totally suppressed the reduction of Immobility Time in the FST paradigm induced by melatonin 0.5 mg/kg. These results may suggest that effects of melatonin on the behavioral reaction of rats in the FST paradigm are due to an interaction of the hormone with central 5-HT neurotransmission. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP.
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Stressors affect the response of male and female rats to clomipramine in a model of behavioral despair (forced swim test).
European journal of pharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Daniele Consoli, Julia Fedotova, S Sapronov, Vincenzo Micale, Filippo DragoAbstract:Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of physical stressors (electric foot-shocks) on effect of the antidepressant drug, clomipramine and plasma corticosterone levels in male and female rats tested in a model of behavioral despair (forced swim test,). Male and female rats of the Wistar strain were injected with clomipramine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. A group of animals also received electric shocks of different intensity and duration of 24, 5 and 1 h before being subjected to forced swim test. At the end of behavioral procedures, vaginal smears were assessed in all female animals and data on Immobility Time were plotted according to the ovarian cycle phase. After decapitation, corticosterone plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in both male and female rats. Application of mild shocks (5 ms, 0.1 mA) significantly reduced Immobility Time in forced swim test of untreated male rats and augmented clomipramine effect on this parameter. Moderate shocks of higher intensity or duration (5 ms, 1.0 mA) also resulted in decreased Immobility Time of untreated male rats, but in reduced effect of clomipramine treatment. Furthermore, application of severe shocks (10 ms, 1.0 mA) increased the Immobility Time in untreated animals and totally abolished clomipramine effect in forced swim test. Untreated non-shocked female rats in proestrous and estrous phases exhibited a longer Immobility Time as compared to diestrous animals. Immobility Time appeared to be generally higher when mild, moderate or severe shocks were applied prior to behavioral testing in proestrous and estrous animals, while the behavioral response of diestrous and metestrous animals did not differ from that of controls. Clomipramine effect on Immobility Time was generally reduced by application of shocks of every strengths. Stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels surge correlated with intensity and duration of shocks in both male and female rats, but clomipramine treatment generally blunted the hormonal response. However, severe shocks were followed by a surge of plasma corticosterone levels in both male and female clomipramine-treated rats. These results demonstrate that duration and intensity of stressful stimuli may deeply affect the behavioral response of rats in forced swim test and influence clomipramine effect in this behavioral model depending on gender-based variables, probably of the hormonal type. Plasma corticosterone levels correlate with the behavioral response to clomipramine treatment suggesting that reactivity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress may be involved in the antidepressant effect of this drug.
Vincenzo Micale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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melatonin affects the Immobility Time of rats in the forced swim test the role of serotonin neurotransmission
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Vincenzo Micale, Anna Arezzi, Liborio Rampello, Filippo DragoAbstract:Abstract The efficacy of melatonin or its derivatives in depressive patients has been recently considered for clinical application. However, the evidence for its effect on experimental models of depression is not consolidated. Here, the effects of melatonin on the model of forced swim test (FST) paradigm were studied in male rats of the Wistar strain after acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of the hormone. Melatonin at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, but not of 0.1 mg/kg, decreased the Immobility of rats in the FST paradigm suggesting a possible antidepressant-like activity. The dose of 0.5 mg/kg appeared to be as potent as clomipramine 50 mg/kg in reducing the Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm. The effect of melatonin on Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm was abolished by the simultaneous injection of the non-selective melatonin antagonist, luzindole (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Similarly, administration of small quantities of serotonin (5-HT, 5 ng/1 μl) or of the 5-HT 2A /5-HT 2C receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (2 ng/1 μl) injected into the amygdale totally suppressed the reduction of Immobility Time in the FST paradigm induced by melatonin 0.5 mg/kg. These results may suggest that effects of melatonin on the behavioral reaction of rats in the FST paradigm are due to an interaction of the hormone with central 5-HT neurotransmission.
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Melatonin affects the Immobility Time of rats in the forced swim test: The role of serotonin neurotransmission
European Neuropsychopharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Vincenzo Micale, Anna Arezzi, Liborio Rampello, Filippo DragoAbstract:The efficacy of melatonin or its derivatives in depressive patients has been recently considered for clinical application. However, the evidence for its effect on experimental models of depression is not consolidated. Here, the effects of melatonin on the model of forced swim test (FST) paradigm were studied in male rats of the Wistar strain after acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 0.1, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of the hormone. Melatonin at doses of 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, but not of 0.1 mg/kg, decreased the Immobility of rats in the FST paradigm suggesting a possible antidepressant-like activity. The dose of 0.5 mg/kg appeared to be as potent as clomipramine 50 mg/kg in reducing the Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm. The effect of melatonin on Immobility Time of rats in the FST paradigm was abolished by the simultaneous injection of the non-selective melatonin antagonist, luzindole (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneously). Similarly, administration of small quantities of serotonin (5-HT, 5 ng/1 μl) or of the 5-HT2A/5-HT2C receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane (2 ng/1 μl) injected into the amygdale totally suppressed the reduction of Immobility Time in the FST paradigm induced by melatonin 0.5 mg/kg. These results may suggest that effects of melatonin on the behavioral reaction of rats in the FST paradigm are due to an interaction of the hormone with central 5-HT neurotransmission. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. and ECNP.
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Stressors affect the response of male and female rats to clomipramine in a model of behavioral despair (forced swim test).
European journal of pharmacology, 2005Co-Authors: Daniele Consoli, Julia Fedotova, S Sapronov, Vincenzo Micale, Filippo DragoAbstract:Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of physical stressors (electric foot-shocks) on effect of the antidepressant drug, clomipramine and plasma corticosterone levels in male and female rats tested in a model of behavioral despair (forced swim test,). Male and female rats of the Wistar strain were injected with clomipramine (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline. A group of animals also received electric shocks of different intensity and duration of 24, 5 and 1 h before being subjected to forced swim test. At the end of behavioral procedures, vaginal smears were assessed in all female animals and data on Immobility Time were plotted according to the ovarian cycle phase. After decapitation, corticosterone plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in both male and female rats. Application of mild shocks (5 ms, 0.1 mA) significantly reduced Immobility Time in forced swim test of untreated male rats and augmented clomipramine effect on this parameter. Moderate shocks of higher intensity or duration (5 ms, 1.0 mA) also resulted in decreased Immobility Time of untreated male rats, but in reduced effect of clomipramine treatment. Furthermore, application of severe shocks (10 ms, 1.0 mA) increased the Immobility Time in untreated animals and totally abolished clomipramine effect in forced swim test. Untreated non-shocked female rats in proestrous and estrous phases exhibited a longer Immobility Time as compared to diestrous animals. Immobility Time appeared to be generally higher when mild, moderate or severe shocks were applied prior to behavioral testing in proestrous and estrous animals, while the behavioral response of diestrous and metestrous animals did not differ from that of controls. Clomipramine effect on Immobility Time was generally reduced by application of shocks of every strengths. Stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels surge correlated with intensity and duration of shocks in both male and female rats, but clomipramine treatment generally blunted the hormonal response. However, severe shocks were followed by a surge of plasma corticosterone levels in both male and female clomipramine-treated rats. These results demonstrate that duration and intensity of stressful stimuli may deeply affect the behavioral response of rats in forced swim test and influence clomipramine effect in this behavioral model depending on gender-based variables, probably of the hormonal type. Plasma corticosterone levels correlate with the behavioral response to clomipramine treatment suggesting that reactivity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress may be involved in the antidepressant effect of this drug.
Juan Carlos Pineda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Immobility Time during the forced swimming test predicts sensitivity to amitriptyline whereas traveled distance in the circular corridor indicates resistance to treatment in female wistar rats
Neuroreport, 2015Co-Authors: Ana Gisela Floresserrano, Jaime Zaldivarrae, Humberto Salgado, Juan Carlos PinedaAbstract:: Among the main issues in the pharmacological treatment of depression are the wide variation in response to antidepressants among individual patients and the lack of indexes that allow prediction of which drug will be effective in a particular case. We evaluated whether differential sensitivity to amitriptyline is related to dichotomous categorization of individuals on the basis of their behavioral responses to two common paradigms used to evaluate the potential of tricyclic drugs as antidepressants. Hence, we categorized a cohort of 38 female rats on the basis of their Immobility Time in the conditioning phase of the forced swimming test [FST; high Immobility (HI) vs. low Immobility (LI) rats] and their locomotor behavior in the circular corridor test [high locomotor response (HR) vs. low locomotor response (LR) rats]. We subjected the rodents to the FST while under the influence of vehicle (n=20) or amitriptyline (15 mg/kg; n=18). We found no statistical evidence of dependence between categorizations of rats on the basis of their behavior in the FST and circular corridor test. Rats categorized as HI/LI and HR/LR significantly differed in their sensitivity/resistance to amitriptyline, as evidenced by changes (or lack thereof) in their Immobility Time, climbing Time, and swimming Time during the FST. These results confirm that different behavioral styles among rats are linked to differential sensitivity/resistance to antidepressants. However, we specifically found that categorizing rats as HI/LI better reflected sensitivity to amitriptyline, whereas categorizing them as HR/LR better revealed resistance to the drug. These differential responses should be considered in experimental approaches.
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clinical doses of citalopram or reboxetine differentially modulate passive and active behaviors of female wistar rats with high or low Immobility Time in the forced swimming test
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2013Co-Authors: Ana Gisela Floresserrano, Maria Leonor Vilaluna, Fernando J Alvarezcervera, Francisco J Heredialopez, Jose L Gongoraalfaro, Juan Carlos PinedaAbstract:Abstract The sensitivity of Immobility Time (IT) to antidepressant-drugs differs in rats expressing high or low motor activity during the forced swimming test (FST). However, whether this heterogeneity is expressed after the administration of the most selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs and SNRIs, respectively) is unknown. We compared the influence of either the SSRI citalopram or the SNRI reboxetine with the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline on two subgroups of female Wistar rats expressing high IT (HI; at or above the mean value) or low IT (LI; below the mean) during the initial 5 min of the first session of the FST. None of the tested drugs increased motor activity in the open field test. When vehicle was applied to either HI or LI rats, IT increased in the second session of the FST. This increment concurred with a simultaneous climbing Time (CT) decrement. When amitriptyline (15 mg/kg) was tested the CT increased for both HI and LI rats. This increment was accompanied by an IT decrement in HI and LI rats. Reboxetine (0.16 or 1 mg/kg) precluded IT and CT changes in both HI and LI rats and produced a swimming Time reduction. Citalopram (0.4, 1, and 3 mg/kg) essentially mimicked the influence of reboxetine on the IT and CT in LI rats, as well as in HI rats, but in the latter case only at 3 mg/kg. Yet, at the dose of 10 mg/kg citalopram lacked this effect in both subgroups. No differences were detected when the IT of LI rats was evaluated with citalopram (3 mg/kg) during estrus or diestrus stage. These results show that clinical doses of citalopram produced an antidepressant-like effect selectively in LI rats, while amitriptyline or reboxetine produced this effect in both LI and HI animals.
Nobuaki Egashira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol prolongs the Immobility Time in the mouse forced swim test involvement of cannabinoid cb1 receptor and serotonergic system
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Tomomi Matsuda, Emi Koushi, Fuminori Higashihara, Shozo Chidori, Nobuyoshi Hasebe, Nobuaki Egashira, Katsunori Iwasaki, Kenichi Mishima, Ryoji NishimuraAbstract:Abstract In the present study, we investigated the effect of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of marijuana, on Immobility Time during the forced swim test. THC (2 and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly prolonged the Immobility Time. In addition, THC at the same doses did not significantly affect locomotor activity in the open-field test. The selective cannabinoid CB 1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the enhancement of Immobility by THC (6 mg/kg). Similarly, the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and 5-HT 1A/7 receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di- n -propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced this THC-induced effect. Moreover, the selective 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist N -[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]- N -(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexane carboxamide dihydrochloride (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist MM-77 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed this reduction effect of 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg). In contrast, the selective 5-HT 7 receptor antagonist (R)-3-[2-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl]phenol hydrochloride (SB269970) had no effect on this reduction effect of 8-OH-DPAT. WAY100635 (1 mg/kg) also reversed the reduction effect of citalopram (10 mg/kg). These findings suggest that the 5-HT 1A receptors are involved in THC-induced enhancement of Immobility.
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Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol prolongs the Immobility Time in the mouse forced swim test: involvement of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor and serotonergic system.
European journal of pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuaki Egashira, Tomomi Matsuda, Emi Koushi, Fuminori Higashihara, Shozo Chidori, Nobuyoshi Hasebe, Ryoji Nishimura, Katsunori Iwasaki, Kenichi Mishima, Ryozo OishiAbstract:In the present study, we investigated the effect of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of marijuana, on Immobility Time during the forced swim test. THC (2 and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly prolonged the Immobility Time. In addition, THC at the same doses did not significantly affect locomotor activity in the open-field test. The selective cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the enhancement of Immobility by THC (6 mg/kg). Similarly, the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and 5-HT(1A/7) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced this THC-induced effect. Moreover, the selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexane carboxamide dihydrochloride (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist MM-77 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed this reduction effect of 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg). In contrast, the selective 5-HT(7) receptor antagonist (R)-3-[2-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl]phenol hydrochloride (SB269970) had no effect on this reduction effect of 8-OH-DPAT. WAY100635 (1 mg/kg) also reversed the reduction effect of citalopram (10 mg/kg). These findings suggest that the 5-HT(1A) receptors are involved in THC-induced enhancement of Immobility.
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Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol prolongs the Immobility Time in the mouse forced swim test: Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptor and serotonergic system
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Nobuaki Egashira, Tomomi Matsuda, Emi Koushi, Fuminori Higashihara, Shozo Chidori, Nobuyoshi Hasebe, Ryoji Nishimura, Katsunori Iwasaki, Kenichi Mishima, Ryozo OishiAbstract:In the present study, we investigated the effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the principal psychoactive component of marijuana, on Immobility Time during the forced swim test. THC (2 and 6 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly prolonged the Immobility Time. In addition, THC at the same doses did not significantly affect locomotor activity in the open-field test. The selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced the enhancement of Immobility by THC (6 mg/kg). Similarly, the selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) citalopram (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and 5-HT1A/7 receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly reduced this THC-induced effect. Moreover, the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexane carboxamide dihydrochloride (WAY100635, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) and the postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor antagonist MM-77 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed this reduction effect of 8-OH-DPAT (0.3 mg/kg). In contrast, the selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist (R)-3-[2-[2-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl]phenol hydrochloride (SB269970) had no effect on this reduction effect of 8-OH-DPAT. WAY100635 (1 mg/kg) also reversed the reduction effect of citalopram (10 mg/kg). These findings suggest that the 5-HT1A receptors are involved in THC-induced enhancement of Immobility. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
