The Experts below are selected from a list of 47235 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hungsia Teh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
il 2 activated cd8 cd44high cells express both adaptive and innate Immune System Receptors and demonstrate specificity for syngeneic tumor cells
Journal of Immunology, 2003Co-Authors: Salim Dhanji, Hungsia TehAbstract:CD8(+) T cells depend on the alphabeta TCR for Ag recognition and function. However, Ag-activated CD8(+) T cells can also express Receptors of the innate Immune System. In this study, we examined the expression of NK Receptors on a population of CD8(+) T cells expressing high levels of CD44 (CD8(+)CD44(high) cells) from normal mice. These cells are distinct from conventional memory CD8(+) T cells and they proliferate and become activated in response to IL 2 via a CD48/CD2-dependent mechanism. Before activation, they express low or undetectable levels of NK Receptors but upon activation with IL-2 they expressed significant levels of activating NK Receptors including 2B4 and NKG2D. Interestingly, the IL-2-activated cells demonstrate a preference in the killing of syngeneic tumor cells. This killing of syngeneic tumor cells was greatly enhanced by the expression of the NKG2D ligand Rae-1 on the target cell. In contrast to conventional CD8(+) T cells, IL-2-activated CD8(+)CD44(high) cells express DAP12, an adaptor molecule that is normally expressed in activated NK cells. These observations indicate that activated CD8(+)CD44(high) cells express Receptors of both the adaptive and innate Immune System and may play a unique role in the surveillance of host cells that have been altered by infection or transformation.
Antonio Egidio Nardi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the role of innate Immune System Receptors in epilepsy research
Cns & Neurological Disorders-drug Targets, 2017Co-Authors: Jessica Corderoarreola, Rachel M West, Julieta Mendozatorreblanca, Edna M Mendezhernandez, Jose M Salaspacheco, Manuel Menendezgonzalez, Rafael C Freire, Sergio Machado, Eric Murillorodriguez, Antonio Egidio NardiAbstract:Background & objective Epilepsy is one of the most complex neurological disorders and its study requires a broad knowledge of neurology and neuroscience. It comprises a diverse group of neurological disorders that share the central feature of spontaneous recurrent seizures, and are often accompanied by cognitive deficits and mood disorder. This condition is one of the most common neurological disorders. Until recently, alterations of neuronal activities had been the focus of epilepsy research. This neurocentric emphasis did not address issues that arise in more complex models of epileptogenesis. An important factor in epilepsy that is not regulated directly by neurons is inflammation and the Immune response of the brain. Recent evidence obtained in rodent epilepsy models supports the role of Immune responses in the initiation and maintenance of epilepsy. Recognition of exogenous pathogens by the innate Immune System is mediated by some pattern recognition Receptors such as Toll-like Receptors leading to cell activation and cytokine production. Currently, these Receptors have been the focus of epilepsy studies looking to determine whether the innate Immune activation is neuroprotective or neurotoxic for the brain. Conclusion Here, we present the evidence in the literature of the involvement of key innate Immune Receptors in the development of epilepsy. We address some of the contradictory findings in these studies and also mention possible avenues for research into epilepsy treatments that target these Receptors.
Maxim Prokchorchik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a host target of a bacterial cysteine protease virulence effector plays a key role in convergent evolution of plant innate Immune System Receptors
New Phytologist, 2020Co-Authors: Maxim Prokchorchik, Sera Choi, Eui Hwan Chung, Kyungho Won, Jeffery L Dangl, Kee Hoon SohnAbstract:Some virulence effectors secreted from pathogens target host proteins and induce biochemical modifications that are monitored by nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) Immune Receptors. Arabidopsis RIN4 protein (AtRIN4: RPM1-interacting protein 4) homologs are present in diverse plant species and targeted by several bacterial type III effector proteins including the cysteine protease AvrRpt2. RIN4 is 'guarded' by several independently evolved NLRs from various plant species, including Arabidopsis RPS2. Recently, it was shown that the MR5 NLR from a wild apple relative can recognize the AvrRpt2 effector from Erwinia amylovora, but the details of this recognition remained unclear. The present contribution reports the mechanism of AvrRpt2 recognition by independently evolved NLRs, MR5 from apple and RPS2, both of which require proteolytically processed RIN4 for activation. It shows that the C-terminal cleaved product of apple RIN4 (MdRIN4) but not AtRIN4 is necessary and sufficient for MR5 activation. Additionally, two polymorphic residues in AtRIN4 and MdRIN4 are identified that are crucial in the regulation of and physical association with NLRs. It is proposed that polymorphisms in RIN4 from distantly related plant species allow it to remain an effector target while maintaining compatibility with multiple NLRs.
Salim Dhanji - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
il 2 activated cd8 cd44high cells express both adaptive and innate Immune System Receptors and demonstrate specificity for syngeneic tumor cells
Journal of Immunology, 2003Co-Authors: Salim Dhanji, Hungsia TehAbstract:CD8(+) T cells depend on the alphabeta TCR for Ag recognition and function. However, Ag-activated CD8(+) T cells can also express Receptors of the innate Immune System. In this study, we examined the expression of NK Receptors on a population of CD8(+) T cells expressing high levels of CD44 (CD8(+)CD44(high) cells) from normal mice. These cells are distinct from conventional memory CD8(+) T cells and they proliferate and become activated in response to IL 2 via a CD48/CD2-dependent mechanism. Before activation, they express low or undetectable levels of NK Receptors but upon activation with IL-2 they expressed significant levels of activating NK Receptors including 2B4 and NKG2D. Interestingly, the IL-2-activated cells demonstrate a preference in the killing of syngeneic tumor cells. This killing of syngeneic tumor cells was greatly enhanced by the expression of the NKG2D ligand Rae-1 on the target cell. In contrast to conventional CD8(+) T cells, IL-2-activated CD8(+)CD44(high) cells express DAP12, an adaptor molecule that is normally expressed in activated NK cells. These observations indicate that activated CD8(+)CD44(high) cells express Receptors of both the adaptive and innate Immune System and may play a unique role in the surveillance of host cells that have been altered by infection or transformation.
Jessica Corderoarreola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the role of innate Immune System Receptors in epilepsy research
Cns & Neurological Disorders-drug Targets, 2017Co-Authors: Jessica Corderoarreola, Rachel M West, Julieta Mendozatorreblanca, Edna M Mendezhernandez, Jose M Salaspacheco, Manuel Menendezgonzalez, Rafael C Freire, Sergio Machado, Eric Murillorodriguez, Antonio Egidio NardiAbstract:Background & objective Epilepsy is one of the most complex neurological disorders and its study requires a broad knowledge of neurology and neuroscience. It comprises a diverse group of neurological disorders that share the central feature of spontaneous recurrent seizures, and are often accompanied by cognitive deficits and mood disorder. This condition is one of the most common neurological disorders. Until recently, alterations of neuronal activities had been the focus of epilepsy research. This neurocentric emphasis did not address issues that arise in more complex models of epileptogenesis. An important factor in epilepsy that is not regulated directly by neurons is inflammation and the Immune response of the brain. Recent evidence obtained in rodent epilepsy models supports the role of Immune responses in the initiation and maintenance of epilepsy. Recognition of exogenous pathogens by the innate Immune System is mediated by some pattern recognition Receptors such as Toll-like Receptors leading to cell activation and cytokine production. Currently, these Receptors have been the focus of epilepsy studies looking to determine whether the innate Immune activation is neuroprotective or neurotoxic for the brain. Conclusion Here, we present the evidence in the literature of the involvement of key innate Immune Receptors in the development of epilepsy. We address some of the contradictory findings in these studies and also mention possible avenues for research into epilepsy treatments that target these Receptors.
