The Experts below are selected from a list of 110658 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J.m.j. Gosselink - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Rumen escape nitrogen from forages In sheep: comparison of In situ and In Vitro Techniques usIng In vivo data
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J.m.j. Gosselink, J.p. Dulphy, Claude Poncet, Jocelyne Aufrere, S. Tamminga, John W. ConeAbstract:The objective of this study was to relate In vivo data of rumen escape N (REN) of forages with REN estimated from models and with determInations of rumen undegradable N. For these determInations and models measurements from In situ and In Vitro Techniques were used. Eleven forages were Investigated In vivo usIng sheep with cannula In the rumen, duodenum and ileum. These forages were fresh, silage and hay from lucerne and orchard grass, and fresh, silage and haylage from red clover, and silage and hay from perennial ryegrass. Digesta flows were measured with the double marker technique usIng 51Cr-EDTA and 103Ru-phenanthrolIne. To measure the duodenal flow of microbial nitrogen (N), 15N was Infused as well as purIne derivatives were measured In urIne excretion. In vivo REN, expressed as g N kg-1 of N Intake or as g N kg-1 of duodenal flow of non-ammonia N (NAN), was calculated from duodenal flows of NAN and microbial N and with assumptions for the duodenal flow of endogenous N. REN was also estimated from the models estimatIng effective undegradable N, usIng measurements from the In situ nylon bag technique or usIng Cornell net carbohydrate and proteIn system with data from CPM (Cornell, Penn, MInor Institute) Dairy Beta program (CPM-REN). With the In situ technique REN was calculated from N residues of forages Incubated In the rumen, with and without corrections for microbial contamInation. These In situ measurements were applied In cows fed a standard diet and In sheep fed the same forage as Incubated In the nylon bag. CPM-REN was calculated from five N fractions determIned with In Vitro Techniques. Undegradable N of the 11 forages was measured as N residue after 72 h Incubation In nylon bags In the rumen of cows (In situ residual N), after 24 h Incubation with protease and as acid detergent Insoluble N (ADIn). REN from different In situ measurements and In situ residual N had no relationships with In vivo data. CPM-REN and the In Vitro technique usIng protease had also no relationship with In vivo data. ADIn had a moderate relationship with different In vivo REN determInations and these relations improved when fresh and conserved (silage, hay and haylage) forages were separated (R2 = 0.83–0.87; coefficient of VARIATION = 0.08–0.16). It was concluded, that ADIn has potency to predict In vivo REN of forages.
-
Prediction of forage digestibility In rumInants usIng In situ and In Vitro Techniques
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J.m.j. Gosselink, J.p. Dulphy, S. Tamminga, C. Poncet, M. Jailler, J.w. ConeAbstract:Two experiments were completed to determIne the In vivo digestibility of organic matter (OMD) of forages In sheep. The first experiment was done with 12 forages (database 12) consistIng of fresh and conserved forms of lucerne, red clover, orchard grass and perennial ryegrass, fed restricted to sheep. The second experiment was done with 98 forages fed ad libitum to sheep, divided In a database with 37 forages (database 37) with similar qualities as database 12 and a database with 61 forages (database 61). OM and DM digestibility of the forages from these databases was also determIned with the In situ nylon bag technique, the pepsIn-cellulase technique, the technique of Tilley and Terry and the gas production technique. Database 37 was used to fInd relationships between OMD and the alternative Techniques and between OMD and chemical composition. Databases 12 and 61 were used to validate the observed relationships. The databases were also used to fInd out if there was an effect of DM Intake on the relationships. The OMD predictions by the alternative Techniques improved and the effect of DM Intake disappeared upon the Inclusion of a chemical parameter. The prediction by the In situ technique plus crude proteIn content showed highest accuracy In the validations, although the four alternative Techniques showed similar potency In predictIng OMD. The choice of the technique for prediction also depends on other factors, such as animal welfare, price, time, experience and additional Information on feed degradation.
Natasha D. Spadafora - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Detection of ProteIn-ProteIn Interactions In Tobacco BY-2 Cells UsIng Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2016Co-Authors: Gemma S Puts, Natasha D. SpadaforaAbstract:Knowledge of proteIn-proteIn Interactions In the plant cell is Invaluable for furtherIng our understandIng of the functions of these proteIns. Many of the methods available for the study of these Interactions, such as yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays, rely on In Vitro Techniques. Here we describe the use of bimolecular fluorescence complementation for the study of proteIn-proteIn Interactions In vivo, usIng simple Techniques and accessible materials.
S. Tamminga - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Rumen escape nitrogen from forages In sheep: comparison of In situ and In Vitro Techniques usIng In vivo data
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J.m.j. Gosselink, J.p. Dulphy, Claude Poncet, Jocelyne Aufrere, S. Tamminga, John W. ConeAbstract:The objective of this study was to relate In vivo data of rumen escape N (REN) of forages with REN estimated from models and with determInations of rumen undegradable N. For these determInations and models measurements from In situ and In Vitro Techniques were used. Eleven forages were Investigated In vivo usIng sheep with cannula In the rumen, duodenum and ileum. These forages were fresh, silage and hay from lucerne and orchard grass, and fresh, silage and haylage from red clover, and silage and hay from perennial ryegrass. Digesta flows were measured with the double marker technique usIng 51Cr-EDTA and 103Ru-phenanthrolIne. To measure the duodenal flow of microbial nitrogen (N), 15N was Infused as well as purIne derivatives were measured In urIne excretion. In vivo REN, expressed as g N kg-1 of N Intake or as g N kg-1 of duodenal flow of non-ammonia N (NAN), was calculated from duodenal flows of NAN and microbial N and with assumptions for the duodenal flow of endogenous N. REN was also estimated from the models estimatIng effective undegradable N, usIng measurements from the In situ nylon bag technique or usIng Cornell net carbohydrate and proteIn system with data from CPM (Cornell, Penn, MInor Institute) Dairy Beta program (CPM-REN). With the In situ technique REN was calculated from N residues of forages Incubated In the rumen, with and without corrections for microbial contamInation. These In situ measurements were applied In cows fed a standard diet and In sheep fed the same forage as Incubated In the nylon bag. CPM-REN was calculated from five N fractions determIned with In Vitro Techniques. Undegradable N of the 11 forages was measured as N residue after 72 h Incubation In nylon bags In the rumen of cows (In situ residual N), after 24 h Incubation with protease and as acid detergent Insoluble N (ADIn). REN from different In situ measurements and In situ residual N had no relationships with In vivo data. CPM-REN and the In Vitro technique usIng protease had also no relationship with In vivo data. ADIn had a moderate relationship with different In vivo REN determInations and these relations improved when fresh and conserved (silage, hay and haylage) forages were separated (R2 = 0.83–0.87; coefficient of VARIATION = 0.08–0.16). It was concluded, that ADIn has potency to predict In vivo REN of forages.
-
Prediction of forage digestibility In rumInants usIng In situ and In Vitro Techniques
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J.m.j. Gosselink, J.p. Dulphy, S. Tamminga, C. Poncet, M. Jailler, J.w. ConeAbstract:Two experiments were completed to determIne the In vivo digestibility of organic matter (OMD) of forages In sheep. The first experiment was done with 12 forages (database 12) consistIng of fresh and conserved forms of lucerne, red clover, orchard grass and perennial ryegrass, fed restricted to sheep. The second experiment was done with 98 forages fed ad libitum to sheep, divided In a database with 37 forages (database 37) with similar qualities as database 12 and a database with 61 forages (database 61). OM and DM digestibility of the forages from these databases was also determIned with the In situ nylon bag technique, the pepsIn-cellulase technique, the technique of Tilley and Terry and the gas production technique. Database 37 was used to fInd relationships between OMD and the alternative Techniques and between OMD and chemical composition. Databases 12 and 61 were used to validate the observed relationships. The databases were also used to fInd out if there was an effect of DM Intake on the relationships. The OMD predictions by the alternative Techniques improved and the effect of DM Intake disappeared upon the Inclusion of a chemical parameter. The prediction by the In situ technique plus crude proteIn content showed highest accuracy In the validations, although the four alternative Techniques showed similar potency In predictIng OMD. The choice of the technique for prediction also depends on other factors, such as animal welfare, price, time, experience and additional Information on feed degradation.
-
Digestibility of rumen undegradable proteIn from 40 browse species measured by mobile nylon bag and In Vitro Techniques
BSAP Occasional Publication, 1998Co-Authors: R. J. Kaitho, S. Tamminga, N. N. Umunna, I. V. Nsahlai, J. Van BruchemAbstract:Crude proteIn concentration and energy value of cereal crop residues and poor quality grasses are below animal requirements durIng much of the year and browses have been Incorporated In the feedIng systems to improve the nutritional status of rumInants. Leaves and fruits of legumInous browses can be used as proteIn supplements for rumInants and are commonly used as foods In many agricultural systems. The new systems of proteIn evaluation (Agricultural and Food Research Council, 1992; TammInga et al., 1994) partition food nitrogen Into the amount degraded In the rumen and that which escapes rumInal degradation. ProteIn available for absorption post-rumInally is Influenced by the amount of food nitrogen that is resistant to rumInal degradation plus microbial proteIn (Brown and Pitman, 1991). Several studies have been carried out to assess the digestibility of rumInal escape proteIn (Hvelplund, 1985; Frydrych, 1992), and the digestibility varies considerably across foods (Krishnamoorthy et al., 1982). Values between 0·80 and 0·85 are adopted for the true digestibility of proteIn from temperate foods and from microbial amIno acids (van Bruchem et ah, 1989). However, no data are available on IntestInal digestibility of browses although they have been recognized as good proteIn supplements. The mobile nylon bag (MNB) method is useful for assessIng the digestibility of rumen undegradable food proteIn In the IntestIne (de Boer et ah, 1987). SInce the MNB is labourious, it was desirable to assess the accuracy with which an In Vitro (pepsIn/pancreatIn) procedure could predict results from the former. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determIne apparent digestibility of browse rumen undegradable proteIn usIng MNB method and pepsIn/pancreatIn In Vitro technique.
John W. Cone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Rumen escape nitrogen from forages In sheep: comparison of In situ and In Vitro Techniques usIng In vivo data
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J.m.j. Gosselink, J.p. Dulphy, Claude Poncet, Jocelyne Aufrere, S. Tamminga, John W. ConeAbstract:The objective of this study was to relate In vivo data of rumen escape N (REN) of forages with REN estimated from models and with determInations of rumen undegradable N. For these determInations and models measurements from In situ and In Vitro Techniques were used. Eleven forages were Investigated In vivo usIng sheep with cannula In the rumen, duodenum and ileum. These forages were fresh, silage and hay from lucerne and orchard grass, and fresh, silage and haylage from red clover, and silage and hay from perennial ryegrass. Digesta flows were measured with the double marker technique usIng 51Cr-EDTA and 103Ru-phenanthrolIne. To measure the duodenal flow of microbial nitrogen (N), 15N was Infused as well as purIne derivatives were measured In urIne excretion. In vivo REN, expressed as g N kg-1 of N Intake or as g N kg-1 of duodenal flow of non-ammonia N (NAN), was calculated from duodenal flows of NAN and microbial N and with assumptions for the duodenal flow of endogenous N. REN was also estimated from the models estimatIng effective undegradable N, usIng measurements from the In situ nylon bag technique or usIng Cornell net carbohydrate and proteIn system with data from CPM (Cornell, Penn, MInor Institute) Dairy Beta program (CPM-REN). With the In situ technique REN was calculated from N residues of forages Incubated In the rumen, with and without corrections for microbial contamInation. These In situ measurements were applied In cows fed a standard diet and In sheep fed the same forage as Incubated In the nylon bag. CPM-REN was calculated from five N fractions determIned with In Vitro Techniques. Undegradable N of the 11 forages was measured as N residue after 72 h Incubation In nylon bags In the rumen of cows (In situ residual N), after 24 h Incubation with protease and as acid detergent Insoluble N (ADIn). REN from different In situ measurements and In situ residual N had no relationships with In vivo data. CPM-REN and the In Vitro technique usIng protease had also no relationship with In vivo data. ADIn had a moderate relationship with different In vivo REN determInations and these relations improved when fresh and conserved (silage, hay and haylage) forages were separated (R2 = 0.83–0.87; coefficient of VARIATION = 0.08–0.16). It was concluded, that ADIn has potency to predict In vivo REN of forages.
F A Rojo-vázquez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The present status of anthelmIntic resistance In gastroIntestInal nematode Infections of sheep In the northwest of SpaIn by In vivo and In Vitro Techniques.
Veterinary parasitology, 2012Co-Authors: M Martínez-valladares, J M Martínez-pérez, D Robles-pérez, C Cordero-pérez, M R Famularo, N Fernández-pato, L Castañón-ordóñez, F A Rojo-vázquezAbstract:The aim of this study was to update the anthelmIntic resistance (AR) status In sheep flocks Infected by gastroIntestInal nematodes (GIn) by means of In vivo and In Vitro methods In the northwest of SpaIn. With this objective, we studied the efficacy of benzimidazoles (BZs), imidazothiazoles (IMs) and macrocyclic lactones (MLs), between 2006 and 2011. The samplIng area was the Autonomous Community of Castilla y León but the majority of the flocks were located In the provInce of León. When the mean of GIn eggs per gram (epg) In faeces In a flock was higher than 150, the In vivo Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) was carried out. AccordIng to this test, AR was present In 63.6% of flocks, Independently of the anthelmIntic used. Flocks were maInly resistant to levamisole (LEV) (59.0%), followed by ivermectIn (IVM) (27.3%) and albendazole (13.6%). Multidrug-resistance was also observed In 27.2% of the flocks, one of them beIng resistant to all anthelmIntic families, IncludIng long-actIng moxidectIn. ComparIng the evolution of AR In the last decade, between 1999 and 2011, the level of resistance to BZs and MLs was fairly constant throughout the time by means of the FECRT. However, the resistance to LEV Increased significantly In only one decade sInce durIng the period 1999-2003 the percentage was 38.5%. The AR status was also measured by In Vitro Techniques In those flocks with an egg output lower than 150 epg. The prevalence of AR to BZs reached the 35.3% by Egg Hatch Assay. However, the level of resistance reported for LEV and IVM was 61.5% and 23.5%, respectively, by usIng the Larval FeedIng Inhibition Assay, percentages very similar to those reported with the FECRT.
