The Experts below are selected from a list of 243333 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Louise N Glass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
network reconstruction and systems analysis of Plant Cell wall deconstruction by neurospora crassa
bioRxiv, 2017Co-Authors: Areejit Samal, James P Craig, Samuel T Coradetti, Philipp J Benz, James A Eddy, Nathan D Price, Louise N GlassAbstract:Plant biomass degradation by fungal derived enzymes is rapidly expanding in economic importance as a clean and efficient source for biofuels. The ability to rationally engineer filamentous fungi would facilitate biotechnological applications for degradation of Plant Cell wall polysaccharides. However, incomplete knowledge of biomolecular networks responsible for Plant Cell wall deconstruction impedes experimental efforts in this direction. To expand this knowledge base, a detailed network of reactions important for deconstruction of Plant Cell wall polysaccharides into simple sugars was constructed for the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. To reconstruct this network, information was integrated from five heterogeneous data types: functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, genetics, and biochemical characterizations. The combined information was encapsulated into a feature matrix and the evidence weighed to assign annotation confidence scores for each gene within the network. Comparative analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data shed light on the regulation of the Plant Cell wall degradation network (PCWDN), leading to a novel hypothesis for degradation of the hemiCellulose mannan. The transcription factor CLR-2 was subsequently experimentally shown to play a key role in the mannan degradation pathway of Neurospora crassa. Our network serves as a scaffold for integration of diverse experimental data, leading to elucidation of regulatory design principles for Plant Cell wall deconstruction by filamentous fungi, and guiding efforts to rationally engineer industrially relevant hyper-production strains.
-
network reconstruction and systems analysis of Plant Cell wall deconstruction by neurospora crassa
Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2017Co-Authors: Areejit Samal, James P Craig, Samuel T Coradetti, Philipp J Benz, James A Eddy, Nathan D Price, Louise N GlassAbstract:Plant biomass degradation by fungal-derived enzymes is rapidly expanding in economic importance as a clean and efficient source for biofuels. The ability to rationally engineer filamentous fungi would facilitate biotechnological applications for degradation of Plant Cell wall polysaccharides. However, incomplete knowledge of biomolecular networks responsible for Plant Cell wall deconstruction impedes experimental efforts in this direction. To expand this knowledge base, a detailed network of reactions important for deconstruction of Plant Cell wall polysaccharides into simple sugars was constructed for the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. To reconstruct this network, information was integrated from five heterogeneous data types: functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, genetics, and biochemical characterizations. The combined information was encapsulated into a feature matrix and the evidence weighted to assign annotation confidence scores for each gene within the network. Comparative analyses of RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data shed light on the regulation of the Plant Cell wall degradation network, leading to a novel hypothesis for degradation of the hemiCellulose mannan. The transcription factor CLR-2 was subsequently experimentally shown to play a key role in the mannan degradation pathway of N. crassa. Here we built a network that serves as a scaffold for integration of diverse experimental datasets. This approach led to the elucidation of regulatory design principles for Plant Cell wall deconstruction by filamentous fungi and a novel function for the transcription factor CLR-2. This expanding network will aid in efforts to rationally engineer industrially relevant hyper-production strains.
-
expanding xylose metabolism in yeast for Plant Cell wall conversion to biofuels
eLife, 2015Co-Authors: Yuping Lin, Kulika Chomvong, Raissa Estrela, Julie M Liang, Elizabeth A Znameroski, Joanna Feehan, Soo Rin Kim, Yong Su Jin, Annsea Park, Louise N GlassAbstract:Sustainable biofuel production from renewable biomass will require the efficient and complete use of all abundant sugars in the Plant Cell wall. Using the Cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa as a model, we identified a xylodextrin transport and consumption pathway required for its growth on hemiCellulose. Reconstitution of this xylodextrin utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that fungal xylose reductases act as xylodextrin reductases, producing xylosyl-xylitol oligomers as metabolic intermediates. These xylosyl-xylitol intermediates are generated by diverse fungi and bacteria, indicating that xylodextrin reduction is widespread in nature. Xylodextrins and xylosyl-xylitol oligomers are then hydrolyzed by two hydrolases to generate intraCellular xylose and xylitol. Xylodextrin consumption using a xylodextrin transporter, xylodextrin reductases and tandem intraCellular hydrolases in cofermentations with sucrose and glucose greatly expands the capacity of yeast to use Plant Cell wall-derived sugars and has the potential to increase the efficiency of both first-generation and next-generation biofuel production.
-
expanding xylose metabolism in yeast for Plant Cell wall conversion to biofuels
bioRxiv, 2014Co-Authors: Yuping Lin, Louise N Glass, Kulika Chomvong, Raissa Estrela, Julie M Liang, Elizabeth A Znameroski, Joanna Feehan, Soo Rin Kim, Yong Su Jin, Jamie H D CateAbstract:Sustainable biofuel production from renewable biomass will require the efficient and complete use of all abundant sugars in the Plant Cell wall. Using the Cellulolytic fungus Neurospora crassa as a model, we identified a xylodextrin transport and consumption pathway required for its growth on hemiCellulose. Successful reconstitution of this xylodextrin utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that fungal xylose reductases act as xylodextrin reductases, and together with two hydrolases, generate intraCellular xylose and xylitol. Xylodextrin consumption using xylodextrin reductases and tandem intraCellular hydrolases greatly expands the capacity of yeasts to use Plant Cell wall-derived sugars, and should be adaptable to increase the efficiency of both first-generation and next-generation biofuel production.
-
Plant Cell wall degrading enzymes and their secretion in Plant pathogenic fungi
Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2014Co-Authors: Christian P Kubicek, Trevor L Starr, Louise N GlassAbstract:Approximately a tenth of all described fungal species can cause diseases in Plants. A common feature of this process is the necessity to pass through the Plant Cell wall, an important barrier against pathogen attack. To this end, fungi possess a diverse array of secreted enzymes to depolymerize the main structural polysaccharide components of the Plant Cell wall, i.e., Cellulose, hemiCellulose, and pectin. Recent advances in genomic and systems-level studies have begun to unravel this diversity and have pinpointed Cell wall-degrading enzyme (CWDE) families that are specifically present or enhanced in Plant-pathogenic fungi. In this review, we discuss differences between the CWDE arsenal of Plant-pathogenic and non-Plant-pathogenic fungi, highlight the importance of individual enzyme families for pathogenesis, illustrate the secretory pathway that transports CWDEs out of the fungal Cell, and report the transcriptional regulation of expression of CWDE genes in both saprophytic and phytopathogenic fungi.
Mei Hong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
direct determination of hydroxymethyl conformations of Plant Cell wall Cellulose using 1h polarization transfer solid state nmr
Biomacromolecules, 2018Co-Authors: Pyae Phyo, Tuo Wang, Yu Yang, Hugh Oneill, Mei HongAbstract:In contrast to the well-studied crystalline Cellulose of microbial and animal origins, Cellulose in Plant Cell walls is disordered due to its interactions with matrix polysaccharides. Plant Cell wall (PCW) is an undisputed source of sustainable global energy; therefore, it is important to determine the molecular structure of PCW Cellulose. The most reactive component of Cellulose is the exocyclic hydroxymethyl group: when it adopts the tg conformation, it stabilizes intrachain and interchain hydrogen bonding, while gt and gg conformations destabilize the hydrogen-bonding network. So far, information about the hydroxymethyl conformation in Cellulose has been exclusively obtained from 13C chemical shifts of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, which do not reflect the environment of Cellulose in Plant Cell walls. Here, we use solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy to measure the hydroxymethyl torsion angle of Cellulose in two model Plants, by detecting distance-dependent polarization t...
-
Multidimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy of Plant Cell walls
Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, 2016Co-Authors: Tuo Wang, Pyae Phyo, Mei HongAbstract:Plant biomass has become an important source of bio-renewable energy in modern society. The molecular structure of Plant Cell walls is difficult to characterize by most atomic-resolution techniques due to the insoluble and disordered nature of the Cell wall. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) spectroscopy is uniquely suited for studying native hydrated Plant Cell walls at the molecular level with chemical resolution. Significant progress has been made in the last five years to elucidate the molecular structures and interactions of Cellulose and matrix polysaccharides in Plant Cell walls. These studies have focused on primary Cell walls of growing Plants in both the dicotyledonous and grass families, as represented by the model Plants Arabidopsis thaliana, Brachypodium distachyon, and Zea mays. To date, these SSNMR results have shown that 1) Cellulose, hemiCellulose, and pectins form a single network in the primary Cell wall; 2) in dicot Cell walls, the protein expansin targets the hemiCellulose-enriched region of the Cellulose microfibril for its wall-loosening function; and 3) primary wall Cellulose has polymorphic structures that are distinct from the microbial Cellulose structures. This article summarizes these key findings, and points out future directions of investigation to advance our fundamental understanding of Plant Cell wall structure and function.
Daniel J. Cosgrove - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
measuring the biomechanical loosening action of bacterial expansins on paper and Plant Cell walls
Methods of Molecular Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Daniel J. Cosgrove, Nathan K. Hepler, Edward R Wagner, Daniel M DurachkoAbstract:Expansins are proteins that loosen Plant Cell walls but lack enzymatic activity. Here, we describe two protocols tailored to measure the biomechanical activity of bacterial expansin. The first assay relies on weakening of filter paper by expansin. The second assay is based on induction of creep (long-term, irreversible extension) of Plant Cell wall samples.
-
Plant Cell wall extensibility: Connecting Plant Cell growth with Cell wall structure, mechanics, and the action of wall-modifying enzymes
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2016Co-Authors: Daniel J. CosgroveAbstract:The advent of user-friendly instruments for measuring force/deflection curves of Plant surfaces at high spatial resolution has resulted in a recent outpouring of reports of the 'Young's modulus' of Plant Cell walls. The stimulus for these mechanical measurements comes from biomechanical models of morphogenesis of meristems and other tissues, as well as single Cells, in which Cell wall stress feeds back to regulate microtubule organization, auxin transport, Cellulose deposition, and future growth directionality. In this article I review the differences between elastic modulus and wall extensibility in the context of Cell growth. Some of the inherent complexities, assumptions, and potential pitfalls in the interpretation of indentation force/deflection curves are discussed. Reported values of elastic moduli from surface indentation measurements appear to be 10- to >1000-fold smaller than realistic tensile elastic moduli in the plane of Plant Cell walls. Potential reasons for this disparity are discussed, but further work is needed to make sense of the huge range in reported values. The significance of wall stress relaxation for growth is reviewed and connected to recent advances and remaining enigmas in our concepts of how Cellulose, hemiCellulose, and pectins are assembled to make an extensible Cell wall. A comparison of the loosening action of α-expansin and Cel12A endoglucanase is used to illustrate two different ways in which Cell walls may be made more extensible and the divergent effects on wall mechanics.
-
Growth of the Plant Cell wall
Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Daniel J. CosgroveAbstract:Plant Cells encase themselves within a complex polysaccharide wall, which constitutes the raw material that is used to manufacture textiles, paper, lumber, films, thickeners and other products. The Plant Cell wall is also the primary source of Cellulose, the most abundant and useful biopolymer on the Earth. The Cell wall not only strengthens the Plant body, but also has key roles in Plant growth, Cell differentiation, interCellular communication, water movement and defence. Recent discoveries have uncovered how Plant Cells synthesize wall polysaccharides, assemble them into a strong fibrous network and regulate wall expansion during Cell growth.
-
loosening of Plant Cell walls by expansins
Nature, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel J. CosgroveAbstract:Plant Cell walls are the starting materials for many commercial products, from lumber, paper and textiles to thickeners, films and explosives. The Cell wall is secreted by each Cell in the Plant body, forming a thin fibreglass-like network with remarkable strength and flexibility. During growth, Plant Cells secrete a protein called expansin, which unlocks the network of wall polysaccharides, permitting turgor-driven Cell enlargement. Germinating grass pollen also secretes an unusual expansin that loosens maternal Cell walls to aid penetration of the stigma by the pollen tube. Expansin's action has puzzling implications for Plant Cell-wall structure. The recent explosion of gene sequences and expression data has given new hints of additional biological functions for expansins.
-
Expansive growth of Plant Cell walls.
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2000Co-Authors: Daniel J. CosgroveAbstract:Abstract The enlargement of Plant Cell walls is a key determinant of Plant morphogenesis. Current models of the Cell wall are reviewed with respect to their ability to account for the mechanism of Cell wall enlargement. The concept of primary and secondary wall loosening agents is presented, and the possible roles of expansins, xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, endo-1,4-β-D-glucanase, and wall synthesis in the process of Cell wall enlargement are reviewed and critically evaluated. Experimental results indicate that Cell wall enlargement may be regulated at many levels.
Maureen C Mccann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
redesigning Plant Cell walls for the biomass based bioeconomy
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Nicholas C Carpita, Maureen C MccannAbstract:LignoCellulosic biomass-the lignin, Cellulose, and hemiCellulose that comprise major components of the Plant Cell well-is a sustainable resource that could be utilized in the United States to displace oil consumption from heavy vehicles, planes, and marine-going vessels and commodity chemicals. Biomass-derived sugars can also be supplied for microbial fermentative processing to fuels and chemicals or chemically deoxygenated to hydrocarbons. However, the economic value of biomass might be amplified by diversifying the range of target products that are synthesized in living Plants. Genetic engineering of lignoCellulosic biomass has previously focused on changing lignin content or composition to overcome recalcitrance, the intrinsic resistance of Cell walls to deconstruction. New capabilities to remove lignin catalytically without denaturing the carbohydrate moiety have enabled the concept of the "lignin-first" biorefinery that includes high-value aromatic products. The structural complexity of Plant Cell-wall components also provides substrates for polymeric and functionalized target products, such as thermosets, thermoplastics, composites, Cellulose nanocrystals, and nanofibers. With recent advances in the design of synthetic pathways, lignoCellulosic biomass can be regarded as a substrate at various length scales for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, chemicals, and materials. In this review, we describe the architectures of Plant Cell walls and recent progress in overcoming recalcitrance and illustrate the potential for natural or engineered biomass to be used in the emerging bioeconomy.
-
redesigning Plant Cell walls for the biomass based bioeconomy
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Nicholas C Carpita, Maureen C MccannAbstract:LignoCellulosic biomass-the lignin, Cellulose and hemiCellulose that comprise major components of the Plant Cell well-is a sustainable resource that could be utilized in the United States to displace oil consumption from heavy vehicles, planes and marine-going vessels and commodity chemicals. Biomass-derived sugars can also be supplied for microbial fermentative processing to fuels and chemicals, or chemically deoxygenated to hydrocarbons. However, the economic value of biomass might be amplified by diversifying the range of target products that are synthesized in living Plants. Genetic engineering of lignoCellulosic biomass has previously focused on changing lignin content or composition to overcome recalcitrance, the intrinsic resistance of Cell walls to deconstruction. New capabilities to remove lignin catalytically without denaturing the carbohydrate moiety has enabled the concept of the 'lignin-first' biorefinery that includes high-value aromatic products. The structural complexity of Plant Cell wall components also provides substrates for polymeric and functionalized target products, such as thermosets, thermoplastics, composites, Cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers. With recent advances in design of synthetic pathways, lignoCellulosic biomass can be regarded as a substrate at various length scales for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, chemicals and materials. In this review, we describe the architectures of Plant Cell walls, recent progress in overcoming recalcitrance, and illustrate the potential for natural or engineered biomass to be used in the emerging bioeconomy.
-
designing the deconstruction of Plant Cell walls
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Maureen C Mccann, Nicholas C CarpitaAbstract:Cell wall architecture plays a key role in the regulation of Plant Cell growth and differentiation into specific Cell types. Gaining genetic control of the amount, composition, and structure of Cell walls in different Cell types will impact both the quantity and yield of fermentable sugars from biomass for biofuels production. The recalcitrance of Plant biomass to degradation is a function of how polymers crosslink and aggregate within walls. Novel imaging technologies provide an opportunity to probe these higher order structures in their native state. If Cell walls are to be efficiently deconstructed enzymatically to release fermentable sugars, then we require a detailed understanding of their structural organization in future bioenergy crops.
Nicholas C Carpita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
redesigning Plant Cell walls for the biomass based bioeconomy
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Nicholas C Carpita, Maureen C MccannAbstract:LignoCellulosic biomass-the lignin, Cellulose, and hemiCellulose that comprise major components of the Plant Cell well-is a sustainable resource that could be utilized in the United States to displace oil consumption from heavy vehicles, planes, and marine-going vessels and commodity chemicals. Biomass-derived sugars can also be supplied for microbial fermentative processing to fuels and chemicals or chemically deoxygenated to hydrocarbons. However, the economic value of biomass might be amplified by diversifying the range of target products that are synthesized in living Plants. Genetic engineering of lignoCellulosic biomass has previously focused on changing lignin content or composition to overcome recalcitrance, the intrinsic resistance of Cell walls to deconstruction. New capabilities to remove lignin catalytically without denaturing the carbohydrate moiety have enabled the concept of the "lignin-first" biorefinery that includes high-value aromatic products. The structural complexity of Plant Cell-wall components also provides substrates for polymeric and functionalized target products, such as thermosets, thermoplastics, composites, Cellulose nanocrystals, and nanofibers. With recent advances in the design of synthetic pathways, lignoCellulosic biomass can be regarded as a substrate at various length scales for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, chemicals, and materials. In this review, we describe the architectures of Plant Cell walls and recent progress in overcoming recalcitrance and illustrate the potential for natural or engineered biomass to be used in the emerging bioeconomy.
-
redesigning Plant Cell walls for the biomass based bioeconomy
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: Nicholas C Carpita, Maureen C MccannAbstract:LignoCellulosic biomass-the lignin, Cellulose and hemiCellulose that comprise major components of the Plant Cell well-is a sustainable resource that could be utilized in the United States to displace oil consumption from heavy vehicles, planes and marine-going vessels and commodity chemicals. Biomass-derived sugars can also be supplied for microbial fermentative processing to fuels and chemicals, or chemically deoxygenated to hydrocarbons. However, the economic value of biomass might be amplified by diversifying the range of target products that are synthesized in living Plants. Genetic engineering of lignoCellulosic biomass has previously focused on changing lignin content or composition to overcome recalcitrance, the intrinsic resistance of Cell walls to deconstruction. New capabilities to remove lignin catalytically without denaturing the carbohydrate moiety has enabled the concept of the 'lignin-first' biorefinery that includes high-value aromatic products. The structural complexity of Plant Cell wall components also provides substrates for polymeric and functionalized target products, such as thermosets, thermoplastics, composites, Cellulose nanocrystals and nanofibers. With recent advances in design of synthetic pathways, lignoCellulosic biomass can be regarded as a substrate at various length scales for liquid hydrocarbon fuels, chemicals and materials. In this review, we describe the architectures of Plant Cell walls, recent progress in overcoming recalcitrance, and illustrate the potential for natural or engineered biomass to be used in the emerging bioeconomy.
-
designing the deconstruction of Plant Cell walls
Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2008Co-Authors: Maureen C Mccann, Nicholas C CarpitaAbstract:Cell wall architecture plays a key role in the regulation of Plant Cell growth and differentiation into specific Cell types. Gaining genetic control of the amount, composition, and structure of Cell walls in different Cell types will impact both the quantity and yield of fermentable sugars from biomass for biofuels production. The recalcitrance of Plant biomass to degradation is a function of how polymers crosslink and aggregate within walls. Novel imaging technologies provide an opportunity to probe these higher order structures in their native state. If Cell walls are to be efficiently deconstructed enzymatically to release fermentable sugars, then we require a detailed understanding of their structural organization in future bioenergy crops.
