The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Melissa E Badowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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real world evaluation of the safety and tolerability of abacavir dolutegravir lamivudine in an Incarcerated Population
International Journal of Std & Aids, 2019Co-Authors: Marisa B Brizzi, Thomas D Chiampas, Sarah M Michienzi, Jeremy D Young, Mahesh C Patel, Melissa E BadowskiAbstract:A trend of increased adverse effects and laboratory abnormalities was observed in patients treated at the University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System (UIH) HIV Telemedicine Clinic af...
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prevalence of hiv 1 transmitted drug resistance in the Incarcerated Population
Hiv Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: J Sapozhnikov, J D Young, M Patel, Thomas D Chiampas, Pyrai Vaughn, Melissa E BadowskiAbstract:Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR)-associated mutations among treatment-naive, Incarcerated individuals with HIV-1 infection in the USA as well as the class TDR and antiretroviral (ARV) mutations present at baseline. Methods Patients over the age of 18 years were included in the study if they had been diagnosed with HIV infection, if their HIV infection was managed through telemedicine and if they were Incarcerated in the State of Illinois Department of Corrections between 10 July 2010 and 29 April 2016. Additionally, the patients were required to have a documented genotype and be ARV-naive. A medical chart review was conducted to assess demographic information, disease burden, and risk factors for acquiring the virus. Results The inclusion criteria were met for 105 patients. A total of 24 patients (23%) had a clinically significant mutation associated with resistance to any drug class. The prevalence of mutations conferring clinically significant resistance was 19% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 18% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 4% for protease inhibitors (PIs). Five per cent of patients had dual-class TDR to both NRTI and NNRTI drug classes and 2% of patients had mutations to both NNRTI and PI drug classes. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of clinically relevant drug resistance mutations based on demographics, burden of disease, or risk factors for acquiring the virus. Conclusions A high prevalence of TDR was identified in the ARV-naive Incarcerated Population. The results of this study indicate an increased prevalence of TDR in a largely unstudied Incarcerated Population, demonstrating the need for increased monitoring of resistance in HIV-infected patients world-wide.
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Prevalence of HIV‐1 transmitted drug resistance in the Incarcerated Population
Hiv Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: J Sapozhnikov, J D Young, M Patel, Thomas D Chiampas, Pyrai Vaughn, Melissa E BadowskiAbstract:Objectives The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR)-associated mutations among treatment-naive, Incarcerated individuals with HIV-1 infection in the USA as well as the class TDR and antiretroviral (ARV) mutations present at baseline. Methods Patients over the age of 18 years were included in the study if they had been diagnosed with HIV infection, if their HIV infection was managed through telemedicine and if they were Incarcerated in the State of Illinois Department of Corrections between 10 July 2010 and 29 April 2016. Additionally, the patients were required to have a documented genotype and be ARV-naive. A medical chart review was conducted to assess demographic information, disease burden, and risk factors for acquiring the virus. Results The inclusion criteria were met for 105 patients. A total of 24 patients (23%) had a clinically significant mutation associated with resistance to any drug class. The prevalence of mutations conferring clinically significant resistance was 19% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 18% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), and 4% for protease inhibitors (PIs). Five per cent of patients had dual-class TDR to both NRTI and NNRTI drug classes and 2% of patients had mutations to both NNRTI and PI drug classes. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of clinically relevant drug resistance mutations based on demographics, burden of disease, or risk factors for acquiring the virus. Conclusions A high prevalence of TDR was identified in the ARV-naive Incarcerated Population. The results of this study indicate an increased prevalence of TDR in a largely unstudied Incarcerated Population, demonstrating the need for increased monitoring of resistance in HIV-infected patients world-wide.
Timothy P Flanigan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The importance of routine HIV testing in the Incarcerated Population: the Rhode Island experience.
AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 2020Co-Authors: Amar A Desai, Josiah D. Rich, E Timothy Latta, Anne Spaulding, Timothy P FlaniganAbstract:Routine HIV testing in the correctional setting offered to all inmates at entry has played an important role in the diagnosis of HIV in Rhode Island. Diagnosis and treatment of HIV in prisons can further public health goals of HIV control, prevention, and education. Routine HIV testing can be incorporated into primary and secondary prevention programs in correctional facilities. In Rhode Island, where HIV testing is routine at entry into the correctional facility, approximately one third of all persons who test positive are identified in the correctional facility. The proportion of males and females testing positive in the correctional facility versus those testing positive in other facilities has shown a gradual decrease, with positive female HIV tests declining more substantially in recent years. Specific groups, such as males, African Americans, and injection drug users continue to be more likely diagnosed in the state correctional facility than in other testing sites. These differences may reflect barriers to health care access that other community initiatives have failed to address.
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the importance of routine hiv testing in the Incarcerated Population the rhode island experience
Aids Education and Prevention, 2002Co-Authors: Amar A Desai, Josiah D. Rich, Anne C Spaulding, Timothy E Latta, Timothy P FlaniganAbstract:Abstract Routine HIV testing in the correctional setting offered to all inmates at entry has played an important role in the diagnosis of HIV in Rhode Island. Diagnosis and treatment of HIV in prisons can further public health goals of HIV control, prevention, and education. Routine HIV testing can be incorporated into primary and secondary prevention programs in correctional facilities. In Rhode Island, where HIV testing is routine at entry into the correctional facility, approximately one third of all persons who test positive are identified in the correctional facility. The proportion of males and females testing positive in the correctional facility versus those testing positive in other facilities has shown a gradual decrease, with positive female HIV tests declining more substantially in recent years. Specific groups, such as males, African Americans, and injection drug users continue to be more likely diagnosed in the state correctional facility than in other testing sites. These differences may re...
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interpretation of indeterminate hiv serology results in an Incarcerated Population
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 1998Co-Authors: Josiah D. Rich, Brian P Dickinson, Anne C Spaulding, Leonard Lafazia, Timothy P FlaniganAbstract:: The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of indeterminate HIV test results in the prison setting. No specific information or guidelines are currently available to direct counseling of Incarcerated persons with an indeterminate HIV test. A medical chart review was conducted on all Incarcerated inmates at the Rhode Island State Prison who received indeterminate HIV test results between the inception of mandatory testing in 1990 and October 1996. Thirty-five inmates had an indeterminate HIV Western blot (WB) result, and 31 had follow-up HIV testing. Twenty-three of 31 (74%) of the prisoners with follow-up HIV tests seroconverted (95% confidence interval, 55%-88%). Drug/alcohol use, including crack cocaine and injection drug use, was strongly associated with seroconversion (p < 0.01, odds ratio [OR] = 11.8, relative risk [RR] = 2.04). Injection drug use was also significantly associated with seroconversion (p = 0.03, OR = 9.3, RR = 1.56). This is the highest rate of seroconversion ever reported for persons with indeterminate WB test results. Indeterminate test results need to be interpreted differently in the prison setting than in the community. Prison inmates with indeterminate HIV serology should be counseled that in all likelihood they are HIV-infected, and confirmatory viral load testing should be conducted immediately.
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Interpretation of Indeterminate Hiv Serology Results in an Incarcerated Population
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 1998Co-Authors: Josiah D. Rich, Brian P Dickinson, Anne C Spaulding, Leonard Lafazia, Timothy P FlaniganAbstract:Summary: The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of indeterminate HIV test results in the prison setting. No specific information or guidelines are currently available to direct counseling of Incarcerated persons with an indeterminate HIV test. A medical chart review was conducted on all Incarcerated inmates at the Rhode Island State Prison who received indeterminate HIV test results between the inception of mandatory testing in 1990 and October 1996. Thirty-five inmates had an indeterminate HIV Western blot (WB) result, and 31 had follow-up HIV testing. Twenty-three of 31 (74%) of the prisoners with follow-up HIV tests seroconverted (95% confidence interval, 55%-88%). Drug/alcohol use, including crack cocaine and injection drug use, was strongly associated with seroconversion (p
Josiah D. Rich - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The importance of routine HIV testing in the Incarcerated Population: the Rhode Island experience.
AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education, 2020Co-Authors: Amar A Desai, Josiah D. Rich, E Timothy Latta, Anne Spaulding, Timothy P FlaniganAbstract:Routine HIV testing in the correctional setting offered to all inmates at entry has played an important role in the diagnosis of HIV in Rhode Island. Diagnosis and treatment of HIV in prisons can further public health goals of HIV control, prevention, and education. Routine HIV testing can be incorporated into primary and secondary prevention programs in correctional facilities. In Rhode Island, where HIV testing is routine at entry into the correctional facility, approximately one third of all persons who test positive are identified in the correctional facility. The proportion of males and females testing positive in the correctional facility versus those testing positive in other facilities has shown a gradual decrease, with positive female HIV tests declining more substantially in recent years. Specific groups, such as males, African Americans, and injection drug users continue to be more likely diagnosed in the state correctional facility than in other testing sites. These differences may reflect barriers to health care access that other community initiatives have failed to address.
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HIV-Related Research in Correctional Populations: Now is the Time
Current Hiv\ aids Reports, 2011Co-Authors: Josiah D. Rich, Anne C Spaulding, David A. Wohl, Curt G. Beckwith, Nathaniel E. Lepp, Jacques Baillargeon, Adrian Gardner, Ann Avery, Frederick L. Altice, Sandra A. SpringerAbstract:The Incarcerated Population has increased to unprecedented levels following the 1970 US declaration of war on illicit drug use. A substantial proportion of people with or at risk for HIV infection, including those with substance use and mental health disorders, have become Incarcerated. The overlapping epidemics of incarceration and HIV present a need for academic medical centers to collaborate with the criminal justice system to improve the health of Incarcerated Populations. With coordinated collaboration and new programmatic initiatives it is possible to reduce HIV-associated risk behaviors and the likelihood of acquisition and transmission of HIV. Centers for AIDS Research (CFAR), funded by the National Institutes of Health, have proactively responded to this need through Collaboration on HIV in Corrections (CHIC) to improve the diagnosis, treatment, linkage to care, and prevention of HIV. This collaboration serves as a model for aligning academic expertise with criminal justice to confront this challenge to individual and public health. This is especially relevant given recent evidence of the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy in reducing HIV transmission (Cohen et al. N Engl J Med 365(6):493–505, 2011).
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Medicine and the Epidemic of Incarceration in the United States
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2011Co-Authors: Josiah D. Rich, Sarah E. Wakeman, Samuel DickmanAbstract:Mental illness and substance use and dependence, among other medical conditions, are highly prevalent in the vast Incarcerated Population of the United States. But correctional facilities are fundamentally designed to confine and punish, not to treat disease.
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the importance of routine hiv testing in the Incarcerated Population the rhode island experience
Aids Education and Prevention, 2002Co-Authors: Amar A Desai, Josiah D. Rich, Anne C Spaulding, Timothy E Latta, Timothy P FlaniganAbstract:Abstract Routine HIV testing in the correctional setting offered to all inmates at entry has played an important role in the diagnosis of HIV in Rhode Island. Diagnosis and treatment of HIV in prisons can further public health goals of HIV control, prevention, and education. Routine HIV testing can be incorporated into primary and secondary prevention programs in correctional facilities. In Rhode Island, where HIV testing is routine at entry into the correctional facility, approximately one third of all persons who test positive are identified in the correctional facility. The proportion of males and females testing positive in the correctional facility versus those testing positive in other facilities has shown a gradual decrease, with positive female HIV tests declining more substantially in recent years. Specific groups, such as males, African Americans, and injection drug users continue to be more likely diagnosed in the state correctional facility than in other testing sites. These differences may re...
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Hepatitis B and C in the context of HIV disease: implications for Incarcerated Populations.
Aids Reader, 1999Co-Authors: Anne C Spaulding, Josiah D. Rich, Michelle A. Lally, Dieterich DtAbstract:HIV-infected inmates are often co-infected with hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus. To describe the burden of HIV in the Incarcerated Population today, one must consider the impact of co-infection. HIV may dramatically modify the course of viral hepatitis infection, especially chronic hepatitis C. The converse is uncertain: chronic hepatitis does not seem to accelerate HIV disease progression. In this article, we offer guidelines for selecting appropriate candidates for treatment among co-infected inmates.
Jennifer G Clarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Weight Change during Incarceration: Groundwork for a Collaborative Health Intervention.
Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 2020Co-Authors: Nell Baldwin, Jennifer G Clarke, Mary B. RobertsAbstract:In the context of the ever increasing Incarcerated Population in the U.S. and a lack of data documenting weight status of this Population, we document the weight status of male inmates in a unified correctional facility in Rhode Island using BMI and waist circumference. This needs assessment describes the characteristics of men most at risk of weight gain and elevated disease risk associated with their weight status in order to build the groundwork for a collaborative health intervention.
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characteristics of smoking used cigarettes among an Incarcerated Population
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2015Co-Authors: Ryan Lantini, Mary B. Roberts, L. A.r. Stein, Peter D. Friedmann, Beth C Bock, Donna R. Parker, Jacob J Van Den Berg, Jennifer G ClarkeAbstract:Little is known about smoking behaviors involving shared and previously used cigarettes, which we refer to as “smoking used cigarettes.” Examples include: cigarette sharing with strangers, smoking discarded cigarettes (‘butts’), or remaking cigarettes from portions of discarded cigarettes. The current study focuses on the prevalence of and factors associated with smoking used cigarettes prior to incarceration among a US prison Population. Questionnaires were administered to 244 male and female inmates at baseline. Prevalence of smoking used cigarettes was assessed using three questions; one about sharing cigarettes with strangers, one about smoking a “found” cigarette, and one about smoking previously used cigarettes. Factors associated with those who engaged in smoking used cigarettes were then compared to those who did not engage in smoking used cigarettes. A majority of participants (61.5%) endorsed engaging in at least one smoking used cigarette behavior in the past prior to incarceration. Those who engaged in these behaviors were more likely to have a higher degree of nicotine dependence, to have started smoking regularly at a younger age, and to have lived in an unstable living environment prior to incarceration. Our results indicate that a history of smoking used cigarettes is common among Incarcerated persons in the US. Consistent with our hypothesis, engaging in smoking used cigarettes was found to be associated with a higher degree of nicotine dependence.
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Characteristics of smoking used cigarettes among an Incarcerated Population
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2015Co-Authors: Ryan Lantini, Jacob J. Van Den Berg, Mary B. Roberts, L. A.r. Stein, Peter D. Friedmann, Beth C Bock, Donna R. Parker, Jennifer G ClarkeAbstract:Little is known about smoking behaviors involving shared and previously used cigarettes, which we refer to as "smoking used cigarettes." Examples include: cigarette sharing with strangers, smoking discarded cigarettes ("butts"), or remaking cigarettes from portions of discarded cigarettes. The current study focuses on the prevalence of and factors associated with smoking used cigarettes prior to incarceration among a U.S. prison Population. Questionnaires were administered to 244 male and female inmates at baseline. Prevalence of smoking used cigarettes was assessed using 3 questions; 1 about sharing cigarettes with strangers, 1 about smoking a "found" cigarette, and 1 about smoking previously used cigarettes. Factors associated with those who engaged in smoking used cigarettes were then compared with those who did not engage in smoking used cigarettes. A majority of participants (61.5%) endorsed engaging in at least 1 smoking used cigarette behavior in the past prior to incarceration. Those who engaged in these behaviors were more likely to have a higher degree of nicotine dependence, to have started smoking regularly at a younger age, and to have lived in an unstable living environment prior to incarceration. Our results indicate that a history of smoking used cigarettes is common among Incarcerated persons in the United States. Consistent with our hypothesis, engaging in smoking used cigarettes was found to be associated with a higher degree of nicotine dependence. (PsycINFO Database Record; (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
P V Effler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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epidemiology of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus among Incarcerated Population in hawai i 2000 2005
Hawaii medical journal, 2010Co-Authors: Fenfang Li, F D Miller, P V EfflerAbstract:It is estimated in this study the proportion and incidence of MRSA among the entire state of Hawai‘i inmate Population over a period of six years, using a statewide, Population-based antimicrobial resistance surveillance system. Trend analyses were conducted on both MRSA proportion and MRSA incidence rates including MRSA patterns of antimicrobial resistance to other antibiotics. During the period from 2000 to 2005, 521 (69%) of 753 S. aureus isolates were MRSA. A significant increase in the proportion of MRSA were identified from both jail and prison inmates (p<0.01). A significant increase in MRSA incidence was also observed among jail inmates (p=0.005) but not among prison inmates (p=0.18). A majority of non-β-lactams, including clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole remained as a good choice for the treatment of MRSA infections among inmate Population in Hawai‘i. Active surveillance of MRSA infection in the inmate Population is an important public health tool and should be continued.
