The Experts below are selected from a list of 207 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Thomas Hojlund Christensen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle assessment of Waste paper management the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and Incineration
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: Hanna Kristina Merrild, Anders Damgaard, Thomas Hojlund ChristensenAbstract:The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and Incineration of Waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the Incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with Incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing Incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than Incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than Incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.
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life cycle assessment of Waste paper management the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and Incineration
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: Hanna Kristina Merrild, Anders Damgaard, Thomas Hojlund ChristensenAbstract:The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and Incineration of Waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the Incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with Incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing Incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than Incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than Incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.
Hanna Kristina Merrild - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle assessment of Waste paper management the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and Incineration
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: Hanna Kristina Merrild, Anders Damgaard, Thomas Hojlund ChristensenAbstract:The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and Incineration of Waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the Incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with Incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing Incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than Incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than Incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.
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life cycle assessment of Waste paper management the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and Incineration
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: Hanna Kristina Merrild, Anders Damgaard, Thomas Hojlund ChristensenAbstract:The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and Incineration of Waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the Incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with Incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing Incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than Incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than Incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.
Masaki Takaoka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Incineration of carbon nanomaterials with sodium chloride as a potential source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2019Co-Authors: Takashi Fujimori, Asako Toda, Kota Mukai, Masaki TakaokaAbstract:Abstract The Incineration of Waste carbon nanomaterials will become an inevitable Waste management strategy following the disposal of products containing carbon nanomaterials. We investigated the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during the Incineration of selected carbon nanomaterials [fullerene (C60), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and graphene], with sodium chloride and trace copper at 850 °C in air using a laboratory-scale electric furnace. Most PCDD/Fs and PCBs were concentrated in particulate fly ash post-Incineration, and in low-temperature zones in the furnace (54–670 °C). Notably, C60 had a specific thermal behavior leading to the formation of high concentrations of high chlorinated PCDD/Fs and toxic 2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD/F (2,3,7,8-T4CDD/F). SWNTs had a lower potential to generate such compounds than C60, but had a higher potential than graphene and graphite. Temperature, solid/gas phases, chlorine sources, and the thermal stability of carbon nanomaterials were the key controlling factors. There is a need to consider the generation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs during the Incineration of Waste streams containing carbon nanomaterials.
Anders Damgaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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life cycle assessment of Waste paper management the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and Incineration
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: Hanna Kristina Merrild, Anders Damgaard, Thomas Hojlund ChristensenAbstract:The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and Incineration of Waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the Incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with Incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing Incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than Incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than Incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.
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life cycle assessment of Waste paper management the importance of technology data and system boundaries in assessing recycling and Incineration
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2008Co-Authors: Hanna Kristina Merrild, Anders Damgaard, Thomas Hojlund ChristensenAbstract:The significance of technical data, as well as the significance of system boundary choices, when modelling the environmental impact from recycling and Incineration of Waste paper has been studied by a life cycle assessment focusing on global warming potentials. The consequence of choosing a specific set of data for the reprocessing technology, the virgin paper manufacturing technology and the Incineration technology, as well as the importance of the recycling rate was studied. Furthermore, the system was expanded to include forestry and to include fossil fuel energy substitution from saved biomass, in order to study the importance of the system boundary choices. For recycling, the choice of virgin paper manufacturing data is most important, but the results show that also the impacts from the reprocessing technologies fluctuate greatly. For the overall results the choice of the technology data is of importance when comparing recycling including virgin paper substitution with Incineration including energy substitution. Combining an environmentally high or low performing recycling technology with an environmentally high or low performing Incineration technology can give quite different results. The modelling showed that recycling of paper, from a life cycle point of view, is environmentally equal or better than Incineration with energy recovery only when the recycling technology is at a high environmental performance level. However, the modelling also showed that expanding the system to include substitution of fossil fuel energy by production of energy from the saved biomass associated with recycling will give a completely different result. In this case recycling is always more beneficial than Incineration, thus increased recycling is desirable. Expanding the system to include forestry was shown to have a minor effect on the results. As assessments are often performed with a set choice of data and a set recycling rate, it is questionable how useful the results from this kind of LCA are for a policy maker. The high significance of the system boundary choices stresses the importance of scientific discussion on how to best address system analysis of recycling, for paper and other recyclable materials.
Takashi Fujimori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Incineration of carbon nanomaterials with sodium chloride as a potential source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs.
Journal of hazardous materials, 2019Co-Authors: Takashi Fujimori, Asako Toda, Kota Mukai, Masaki TakaokaAbstract:Abstract The Incineration of Waste carbon nanomaterials will become an inevitable Waste management strategy following the disposal of products containing carbon nanomaterials. We investigated the formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) during the Incineration of selected carbon nanomaterials [fullerene (C60), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and graphene], with sodium chloride and trace copper at 850 °C in air using a laboratory-scale electric furnace. Most PCDD/Fs and PCBs were concentrated in particulate fly ash post-Incineration, and in low-temperature zones in the furnace (54–670 °C). Notably, C60 had a specific thermal behavior leading to the formation of high concentrations of high chlorinated PCDD/Fs and toxic 2,3,7,8-tetra-CDD/F (2,3,7,8-T4CDD/F). SWNTs had a lower potential to generate such compounds than C60, but had a higher potential than graphene and graphite. Temperature, solid/gas phases, chlorine sources, and the thermal stability of carbon nanomaterials were the key controlling factors. There is a need to consider the generation of PCDD/Fs and PCBs during the Incineration of Waste streams containing carbon nanomaterials.
