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Branko Milanovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global Income Distribution from the fall of the berlin wall to the great recession
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Christoph Lakner, Branko MilanovicAbstract:The paper presents a newly compiled and improved database of national household surveys between 1988 and 2008. In 2008, the global Gini index is around 70.5 percent having declined by approximately 2 Gini points over this twenty year period. When it is adjusted for the likely under-reporting of top Incomes in surveys by using the gap between national accounts consumption and survey means in combination with a Pareto-type imputation of the upper tail, the estimate is a much higher global Gini of almost 76 percent. With such an adjustment the downward trend in the Gini almost disappears. Tracking the evolution of individual country-deciles shows the underlying elements that drive the changes in the global Distribution: China has graduated from the bottom ranks, modifying the overall shape of the global Income Distribution in the process and creating an important global"median"class that has transformed a twin-peaked 1988 global Distribution into an almost single-peaked one now. The"winners"were country-deciles that in 1988 were around the median of the global Income Distribution, 90 percent of whom in terms of population are from Asia. The"losers"were the country-deciles that in 1988 were around the 85th percentile of the global Income Distribution, almost 90 percent of whom in terms of population are from mature economies.
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can we discern the effect of globalization on Income Distribution evidence from household budget surveys
Research Papers in Economics, 2003Co-Authors: Branko MilanovicAbstract:The effects of globalization on Income Distribution in rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make Income Distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. The author presents another attempt to discern the effects of globalization by using data from household budget surveys and looking at the impact of openness and foreign direct investment on relative Income shares of low and high deciles. The author finds some evidence that at very low average Income levels, it is the rich who benefit from openness. As Income levels rise to those of countries such as Chile, Colombia, or Czech Republic, for example, the situation changes, and it is the relative Income of the poor and the middle class that rises compared with the rich. It seems that openness makes Income Distribution worse before making it better-or differently in that the effect of openness on a country's Income Distribution depends on the country's initial Income level.
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can we discern the effect of globalization on Income Distribution evidence from household surveys
The World Bank Economic Review, 2002Co-Authors: Branko MilanovicAbstract:The effects of globalization on Income Distribution in rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make Income Distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. The author presents another attempt to discern the effects of globalization by using data from household budget surveys and looking at the impact of openness and foreign direct investment on relative Income shares of low and high deciles. The author finds some evidence that at very low average Income levels, it is the rich who benefit from openness. As Income levels rise to those of countries such as Chile, Colombia, or Czech Republic, for example, the situation changes, and it is the relative Income of the poor and the middle class that rises compared with the rich. It seems that openness makes Income Distribution worse before making it better-or differently in that the effect of openness on a country's Income Distribution depends on the country's initial Income level.
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can we discern the effect of globalization on Income Distribution evidence from household budget surveys
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Branko MilanovicAbstract:The effects of globalization on Income Distribution in rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make Income Distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. Milanovic presents another attempt to discern the effects of globalization by using data from household budget surveys and looking at the impact of openness and foreign direct investment on relative Income shares of low and high deciles. The author finds some evidence that at very low average Income levels, it is the rich who benefit from openness. As Income levels rise to those of countries such as Chile, Colombia, or Czech Republic, for example, the situation changes, and it is the relative Income of the poor and the middle class that rises compared with the rich. It seems that openness makes Income Distribution worse before making it better - or differently in that the effect of openness on a country's Income Distribution depends on the country's initial Income level. This paper - a product of the Poverty Team, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the effects of globalization. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project "World Income Distribution" (RPO 684-84).
Emmanuel Flachaire - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Income Distribution and inequality measurement the problem of extreme values
Journal of Econometrics, 2007Co-Authors: Frank A Cowell, Emmanuel FlachaireAbstract:We examine the statistical performance of inequality indices in the presence of extreme values in the data and show that these indices are very sensitive to the properties of the Income Distribution. Estimation and inference can be dramatically affected, especially when the tail of the Income Distribution is heavy, even when standard bootstrap methods are employed. However, use of appropriate semiparametric methods for modelling the upper tail can greatly improve the performance of even those inequality indices that are normally considered particularly sensitive to extreme values.
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estimation of the Income Distribution and detection of subpopulations an explanatory model
Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2007Co-Authors: Emmanuel Flachaire, Olivier NunezAbstract:Empirical evidence, obtained from non-parametric estimation of the Income Distribution, exhibits strong heterogeneity in most populations of interest. It is common, therefore, to suspect that the population is composed of several homogeneous subpopulations. Such an assumption leads us to consider mixed Income Distributions whose components feature the Distributions of the Incomes of a particular homogeneous subpopulation. A model with mixing probabilities that are allowed to vary with exogenous individual variables that characterize each subpopulation is developed. This model simultaneously provides a flexible estimation of the Income Distribution, a breakdown into several subpopulations and an explanation of Income heterogeneity.
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Income Distribution and inequality measurement the problem of extreme values
Cahiers de la Maison des Sciences Economiques, 2004Co-Authors: Frank A Cowell, Emmanuel FlachaireAbstract:We examine the statistical performance of inequality indices in the presence of extreme values in the data and show that these indices are very sensitive to the properties of the Income Distribution. Estimation and inference can be dramatically affected, especially when the tail of the Income Distribution is heavy, even when standard bootstrap methods are employed. However, use of appropriate methods for modelling the upper tail can greatly improve the performance of even those inequality indices that are normally considered particularly sensitive to extreme values.
Miguel Szekely - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Income Distribution factor endowments and trade openness
Journal of Development Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Antonio Spilimbergo, Juan Luis Londono, Miguel SzekelyAbstract:Abstract This paper studies the empirical links among factor endowments, trade and personal Income Distribution. By using panel data, we show that land and capital intensive countries have a less equal Income Distribution while skill intensive countries have a more equal Income Distribution. We also show that the effects of trade openness on inequality depend on factor endowments in a way consistent with several recent case studies but not with the simple Hecksher–Ohlin framework. Our results are robust to the division of the sample according to level of Income, the inclusion of different regressors, the use of different measures of trade openness and of relative factor abundance, and tests for possible problems of endogeneity.
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Income Distribution factor endowments and trade openness
Research Department Publications, 1997Co-Authors: Antonio Spilimbergo, Juan Luis Londono, Miguel SzekelyAbstract:This paper studies the empirical links among factor endowments, trade, and personal Income Distribution. The motivation is that many developing countries have implemented radical trade reforms in recent years. These reforms have changed relative prices, induced a reallocation of resources, and may have led to the introduction of new production techniques. These changes are quite complex and their final effect on Income Distribution is theoretically unclear. The author`s aim is to present the stylized empirical facts on the relations between Income Distribution, factor endowments, and trade.
Olivier Nunez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of the Income Distribution and detection of subpopulations an explanatory model
Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, 2007Co-Authors: Emmanuel Flachaire, Olivier NunezAbstract:Empirical evidence, obtained from non-parametric estimation of the Income Distribution, exhibits strong heterogeneity in most populations of interest. It is common, therefore, to suspect that the population is composed of several homogeneous subpopulations. Such an assumption leads us to consider mixed Income Distributions whose components feature the Distributions of the Incomes of a particular homogeneous subpopulation. A model with mixing probabilities that are allowed to vary with exogenous individual variables that characterize each subpopulation is developed. This model simultaneously provides a flexible estimation of the Income Distribution, a breakdown into several subpopulations and an explanation of Income heterogeneity.
Antonio Spilimbergo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Income Distribution factor endowments and trade openness
Journal of Development Economics, 1999Co-Authors: Antonio Spilimbergo, Juan Luis Londono, Miguel SzekelyAbstract:Abstract This paper studies the empirical links among factor endowments, trade and personal Income Distribution. By using panel data, we show that land and capital intensive countries have a less equal Income Distribution while skill intensive countries have a more equal Income Distribution. We also show that the effects of trade openness on inequality depend on factor endowments in a way consistent with several recent case studies but not with the simple Hecksher–Ohlin framework. Our results are robust to the division of the sample according to level of Income, the inclusion of different regressors, the use of different measures of trade openness and of relative factor abundance, and tests for possible problems of endogeneity.
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Income Distribution factor endowments and trade openness
Research Department Publications, 1997Co-Authors: Antonio Spilimbergo, Juan Luis Londono, Miguel SzekelyAbstract:This paper studies the empirical links among factor endowments, trade, and personal Income Distribution. The motivation is that many developing countries have implemented radical trade reforms in recent years. These reforms have changed relative prices, induced a reallocation of resources, and may have led to the introduction of new production techniques. These changes are quite complex and their final effect on Income Distribution is theoretically unclear. The author`s aim is to present the stylized empirical facts on the relations between Income Distribution, factor endowments, and trade.
