The Experts below are selected from a list of 3372 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Bruce Beaver - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
Maria Sobkowiak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
Bei Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
Josefa M Griffith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
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insight into the mechanisms of middle distillate Fuel oxidative degradation part 1 on the role of phenol indole and carbazole derivatives in the thermal oxidative stability of fischer tropsch petroleum jet Fuel blends
Energy & Fuels, 2009Co-Authors: Maria Sobkowiak, Josefa M Griffith, Bei Wang, Bruce BeaverAbstract:The U.S. Air Force (USAF) has committed to use 1/1 volumetric blends of conventional jet Fuels with Fischer−Tropsch (FT) derived Fuels by 2016. Previous work by Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571) examined the relationship between thermal oxidative deposit and the concentration of various polar compounds present in 20 petroleum jet Fuels. The thermal oxidative stability of FT blends, derived from four conventional jet Fuels selected from the study of Balster et al. (Balster, L. M.; Zabarnick, S.; Striebich, R. C.; Shafer, L. M.; West, Z. Energy Fuels 2006, 20, 2564−2571), was examined with the Penn State University (PSU) flow reactor. Excellent linear correlations were found between Fuel thermal oxidative deposit and Indigenous Fuel phenol, indole, and carbazole concentrations. This data is consistent with a mechanism previously proposed for the thermal oxidative degradation of both jet and diesel Fuels (Beaver, B.; Gao...
Ibrahim S Almutaz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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potential of nuclear desalination in the arabian gulf countries
Desalination, 2001Co-Authors: Ibrahim S AlmutazAbstract:Abstract Arabian Gulf countries are located in an arid area with limited water resources. Hydrological investigations point to large resources of underground water, but they are saline and need to be desalted. The best choice for providing fresh water in the Arabian Gulf countries is through seawater desalination with ground water as a back up. About 65% of desalination plants that are in operation worldwide are located in the Arabian Gulf countries, most of which are the dual-purpose multistage flash (MSF) plants, producing power and water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is used mainly for brackish water treatment and a limited number of multiple effect distillation (MED) plants are used in the Arabian Gulf countries. The use of nuclear desalination is practically essential in these countries where massive quantities of water are desalinated and there is a fast increase in power demand. These is no technical impediment to the use of nuclear reactors for supply of either heat or electricity or both to a desalination plant. However, the cost effectiveness of nuclear desalination is a site dependent matter. The type of desalination process and the size and type of the nuclear reactor have to be determined based on the specific site data. MSF plants are considered as energy intensive processes where energy cost is a major controlling parameter in the overall cost of desalination. Oil price fluctuations affect the cost of desalted water significantly, whereas nuclear power offers long term availability of Indigenous Fuel as well as long term Fuel price stability. It has minimal environmental impact compared with other conventional desalination processes. This paper will discuss the potential of application of nuclear desalination in the Arabian Gulf countries. Various processes will be reviewed and most appropriate method selected.
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potential of nuclear desalination in the arabian gulf countries
Desalination, 2001Co-Authors: Ibrahim S AlmutazAbstract:Abstract Arabian Gulf countries are located in an arid area with limited water resources. Hydrological investigations point to large resources of underground water, but they are saline and need to be desalted. The best choice for providing fresh water in the Arabian Gulf countries is through seawater desalination with ground water as a back up. About 65% of desalination plants that are in operation worldwide are located in the Arabian Gulf countries, most of which are the dual-purpose multistage flash (MSF) plants, producing power and water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is used mainly for brackish water treatment and a limited number of multiple effect distillation (MED) plants are used in the Arabian Gulf countries. The use of nuclear desalination is practically essential in these countries where massive quantities of water are desalinated and there is a fast increase in power demand. These is no technical impediment to the use of nuclear reactors for supply of either heat or electricity or both to a desalination plant. However, the cost effectiveness of nuclear desalination is a site dependent matter. The type of desalination process and the size and type of the nuclear reactor have to be determined based on the specific site data. MSF plants are considered as energy intensive processes where energy cost is a major controlling parameter in the overall cost of desalination. Oil price fluctuations affect the cost of desalted water significantly, whereas nuclear power offers long term availability of Indigenous Fuel as well as long term Fuel price stability. It has minimal environmental impact compared with other conventional desalination processes. This paper will discuss the potential of application of nuclear desalination in the Arabian Gulf countries. Various processes will be reviewed and most appropriate method selected.