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Jiří Jaromír Klemeš - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A retrofit framework for Total Site heat recovery systems
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Peng Yen Liew, Jeng Shiun Lim, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Heat Pinch Analysis retrofit projects are typically performed by evaluating and maximising the heat recovery potentials within the Individual Process units. Once the potential improvements from the Individual units have been assessed, the Total Site (TS) Heat Integration analysis is performed. Such approach may steer designers away from the promising retrofit opportunities and to lead towards suboptimal heat exchanger networks (HEN). This paper presents an effective retrofit framework for a TS system to determine the most cost-effective retrofit options and maximise the potential savings. Instead of performing the typical unit-wise Process retrofit, the strategy is to determine the baseline total site consumption and benchmark targets, and to identify retrofit options from the TS context. This TS retrofit framework has been tested on a case study involving a petrochemical plant comprising of multiple Process sections. The results of the analysis show that significant energy savings can be realised when both direct and indirect heat recovery retrofit options are evaluated. Further energy savings can be achieved via the Plus–Minus Principle that helps pinpoint the correct locations of heat surpluses and deficits and lead to the appropriate TS retrofit solution. As a conclusion, energy retrofit projects should be approached from the TS context, followed by the unit-wise retrofit (i.e., retrofit of the Individual Process sections).
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An effective framework for total site heat recovery systems retrofit
2013Co-Authors: Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Yen Liew Peng, Shiun Lim Jeng, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Heat Pinch Analysis retrofit projects are typically performed by evaluating and maximising the heat recovery potentials within the Individual Process units. Once the potential improvements from the Individual units have been assessed, the Total Site (TS) Heat Integration analysis is performed. Such approach may steer designers away from the promising retrofit opportunities and to lead towards suboptimal heat exchanger networks (HEN). This paper presents an effective retrofit framework for a TS system to determine the most cost-effective retrofit options and maximise the potential savings. Instead of performing the typical unit-wise Process retrofit, the strategy is to determine the baseline total site consumption and benchmark targets, and to identify retrofit options from the TS context. This TS retrofit framework has been tested on a case study involving a petrochemical plant comprising of multiple Process sections. The results of the analysis show that significant energy savings can be realised when both direct and indirect heat recovery retrofit options are evaluated. Further energy savings can be achieved via the Plus-Minus Principle that helps pinpoint the correct locations of heat surpluses and deficits and lead to the appropriate TS retrofit solution. As a conclusion, energy retrofit projects should be approached from the TS context, followed by the unit-wise retrofit (i.e., retrofit of the Individual Process sections).
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Total Site Targeting Accounting for Individual Process Heat Transfer Characteristics
Chemical engineering transactions, 2010Co-Authors: Zsófia Fodor, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Simon Perry, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:This contribution presents an extended approach to Total Site targeting. Total Site integration offers the opportunity of maximising energy recovery between Processes by reducing unnecessary fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the methodology developments, how to deal with the minimum temperature differences is still an open question. This includes the overall selection of the ΔTmin values for Total Site Utility systems and how ΔTmin affects the design of the heat recovery networks of the Individual Processes. Specifying a single uniform ΔTmin for all Processes integrated in the Total Site is not always optimum and could be too simplistic. This can lead to the underestimation of the overall site-wide heat recovery targets. The procedure proposed in this paper allows for estimating the heat recovery potential of Total Sites, which is closer to the reality. It is illustrated by a demonstration case study.
Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Simultaneous diagnosis and retrofit of heat exchanger network via Individual Process stream mapping
Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Yee Qing Lai, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Sharifah Rafidah Wan AlwiAbstract:Medium and large scale industries typically consume large amounts of energy, and are under pressure to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy wastages. Conventional insight-based heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit methods typically combine graphical visualisation and algebraic tools to manage different retrofit stages. These stages often involve repetitive calculations of approach temperature, enthalpy balance and heat transfer area to assess the HEN feasibility and cost-effectiveness. This paper extends the Individual stream temperature versus enthalpy plot (STEP) methodology that was introduced for HEN synthesis, to HEN retrofit. The STEP retrofit method proposed in this work enables users to simultaneously diagnose and retrofit existing HEN by using only the STEP diagram that maintains the characteristics of Individual Process streams. Users can graphically perform Individual stream mapping without having to calculate stream enthalpies or to check for minimum temperature approach (ΔTmin) violation during retrofit. Application of the new STEP retrofit method on an industrial case study demonstrates its advantages in terms of user interactiveness, simplicity of use, flexibility to customise the methodology to achieve retrofit goals of plant owners, and the least amount of efforts needed to achieve comparable results as those of established retrofit methods.
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A retrofit framework for Total Site heat recovery systems
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Peng Yen Liew, Jeng Shiun Lim, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Heat Pinch Analysis retrofit projects are typically performed by evaluating and maximising the heat recovery potentials within the Individual Process units. Once the potential improvements from the Individual units have been assessed, the Total Site (TS) Heat Integration analysis is performed. Such approach may steer designers away from the promising retrofit opportunities and to lead towards suboptimal heat exchanger networks (HEN). This paper presents an effective retrofit framework for a TS system to determine the most cost-effective retrofit options and maximise the potential savings. Instead of performing the typical unit-wise Process retrofit, the strategy is to determine the baseline total site consumption and benchmark targets, and to identify retrofit options from the TS context. This TS retrofit framework has been tested on a case study involving a petrochemical plant comprising of multiple Process sections. The results of the analysis show that significant energy savings can be realised when both direct and indirect heat recovery retrofit options are evaluated. Further energy savings can be achieved via the Plus–Minus Principle that helps pinpoint the correct locations of heat surpluses and deficits and lead to the appropriate TS retrofit solution. As a conclusion, energy retrofit projects should be approached from the TS context, followed by the unit-wise retrofit (i.e., retrofit of the Individual Process sections).
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An effective framework for total site heat recovery systems retrofit
2013Co-Authors: Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Yen Liew Peng, Shiun Lim Jeng, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Heat Pinch Analysis retrofit projects are typically performed by evaluating and maximising the heat recovery potentials within the Individual Process units. Once the potential improvements from the Individual units have been assessed, the Total Site (TS) Heat Integration analysis is performed. Such approach may steer designers away from the promising retrofit opportunities and to lead towards suboptimal heat exchanger networks (HEN). This paper presents an effective retrofit framework for a TS system to determine the most cost-effective retrofit options and maximise the potential savings. Instead of performing the typical unit-wise Process retrofit, the strategy is to determine the baseline total site consumption and benchmark targets, and to identify retrofit options from the TS context. This TS retrofit framework has been tested on a case study involving a petrochemical plant comprising of multiple Process sections. The results of the analysis show that significant energy savings can be realised when both direct and indirect heat recovery retrofit options are evaluated. Further energy savings can be achieved via the Plus-Minus Principle that helps pinpoint the correct locations of heat surpluses and deficits and lead to the appropriate TS retrofit solution. As a conclusion, energy retrofit projects should be approached from the TS context, followed by the unit-wise retrofit (i.e., retrofit of the Individual Process sections).
Ara Darzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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medication errors during simulated paediatric resuscitations a prospective observational human reliability analysis
BMJ Open, 2019Co-Authors: Nicholas Appelbaum, Jonathan Clarke, Calandra Feather, Bryony Dean Franklin, Ruchi Sinha, Phillip Pratt, Ian Maconochie, Ara DarziAbstract:Introduction Medication errors during paediatric resuscitation are thought to be common. However, there is little evidence about the Individual Process steps that contribute to such medication errors in this context. Objectives To describe the incidence, nature and severity of medication errors in simulated paediatric resuscitations, and to employ human reliability analysis to understand the contribution of discrepancies in Individual Process steps to the occurrence of these errors. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of simulated resuscitations subjected to video microanalysis, identification of medication errors, severity assessment and human reliability analysis in a large English teaching hospital. Fifteen resuscitation teams of two doctors and two nurses each conducted one of two simulated paediatric resuscitation scenarios. Results At least one medication error was observed in every simulated case, and a large magnitude (>25% discrepant) or clinically significant error in 11 of 15 cases. Medication errors were observed in 29% of 180 simulated medication administrations, 40% of which considered to be moderate or severe. These errors were the result of 884 observed discrepancies at a number of steps in the drug ordering, preparation and administration stages of medication use, 8% of which made a major contribution to a resultant medication error. Most errors were introduced by discrepancies during drug preparation and administration. Conclusions Medication errors were common with a considerable proportion likely to result in patient harm. There is an urgent need to optimise existing systems and to commission research into new approaches to increase the reliability of human interactions during administration of medication in the paediatric emergency setting.
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medication errors during simulated paediatric resuscitations a prospective observational human reliability analysis
medRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Nicholas Appelbaum, Jonathan Clarke, Calandra Feather, Bryony Dean Franklin, Ruchi Sinha, Phillip Pratt, Ian Maconochie, Ara DarziAbstract:Introduction: Medication errors during paediatric resuscitation are thought to be common. However, there is little evidence about the Individual Process steps that contribute to such medication errors in this context. Objectives: To describe the incidence, nature and severity of medication errors in simulated paediatric resuscitations, and to employ human reliability analysis to understand the contributory role of Individual Process step discrepancies to these errors. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of simulated resuscitations subject to video micro-analysis, identification of medication errors, severity assessment and human reliability analysis in a large English teaching hospital. Fifteen resuscitation teams of two doctors and two nurses each conducted one of two simulated paediatric resuscitation scenarios. Results: At least one medication error was observed in every simulated case, and a large magnitude or clinically significant error in 11 of 15 cases. Medication errors were observed in 29% of 180 simulated medication administrations, 40% of which considered to be moderate or severe. These errors were the result of 884 observed discrepancies at a number of steps in the drug ordering, preparation and administration stages of medication use, 8% of which made a major contribution to a resultant medication error. Most errors were introduced by discrepancies during drug preparation and administration. Conclusions: Medication errors were common with a considerable proportion likely to result in patient harm. There is an urgent need to optimise existing systems and to commission research into new approaches to increase the reliability of human interactions during administration of medication in the paediatric emergency setting.
Peng Yen Liew - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A retrofit framework for Total Site heat recovery systems
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Peng Yen Liew, Jeng Shiun Lim, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Heat Pinch Analysis retrofit projects are typically performed by evaluating and maximising the heat recovery potentials within the Individual Process units. Once the potential improvements from the Individual units have been assessed, the Total Site (TS) Heat Integration analysis is performed. Such approach may steer designers away from the promising retrofit opportunities and to lead towards suboptimal heat exchanger networks (HEN). This paper presents an effective retrofit framework for a TS system to determine the most cost-effective retrofit options and maximise the potential savings. Instead of performing the typical unit-wise Process retrofit, the strategy is to determine the baseline total site consumption and benchmark targets, and to identify retrofit options from the TS context. This TS retrofit framework has been tested on a case study involving a petrochemical plant comprising of multiple Process sections. The results of the analysis show that significant energy savings can be realised when both direct and indirect heat recovery retrofit options are evaluated. Further energy savings can be achieved via the Plus–Minus Principle that helps pinpoint the correct locations of heat surpluses and deficits and lead to the appropriate TS retrofit solution. As a conclusion, energy retrofit projects should be approached from the TS context, followed by the unit-wise retrofit (i.e., retrofit of the Individual Process sections).
Petar Sabev Varbanov - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A retrofit framework for Total Site heat recovery systems
Applied Energy, 2014Co-Authors: Peng Yen Liew, Jeng Shiun Lim, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:Heat Pinch Analysis retrofit projects are typically performed by evaluating and maximising the heat recovery potentials within the Individual Process units. Once the potential improvements from the Individual units have been assessed, the Total Site (TS) Heat Integration analysis is performed. Such approach may steer designers away from the promising retrofit opportunities and to lead towards suboptimal heat exchanger networks (HEN). This paper presents an effective retrofit framework for a TS system to determine the most cost-effective retrofit options and maximise the potential savings. Instead of performing the typical unit-wise Process retrofit, the strategy is to determine the baseline total site consumption and benchmark targets, and to identify retrofit options from the TS context. This TS retrofit framework has been tested on a case study involving a petrochemical plant comprising of multiple Process sections. The results of the analysis show that significant energy savings can be realised when both direct and indirect heat recovery retrofit options are evaluated. Further energy savings can be achieved via the Plus–Minus Principle that helps pinpoint the correct locations of heat surpluses and deficits and lead to the appropriate TS retrofit solution. As a conclusion, energy retrofit projects should be approached from the TS context, followed by the unit-wise retrofit (i.e., retrofit of the Individual Process sections).
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Total Site Targeting Accounting for Individual Process Heat Transfer Characteristics
Chemical engineering transactions, 2010Co-Authors: Zsófia Fodor, Petar Sabev Varbanov, Simon Perry, Jiří Jaromír KlemešAbstract:This contribution presents an extended approach to Total Site targeting. Total Site integration offers the opportunity of maximising energy recovery between Processes by reducing unnecessary fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the methodology developments, how to deal with the minimum temperature differences is still an open question. This includes the overall selection of the ΔTmin values for Total Site Utility systems and how ΔTmin affects the design of the heat recovery networks of the Individual Processes. Specifying a single uniform ΔTmin for all Processes integrated in the Total Site is not always optimum and could be too simplistic. This can lead to the underestimation of the overall site-wide heat recovery targets. The procedure proposed in this paper allows for estimating the heat recovery potential of Total Sites, which is closer to the reality. It is illustrated by a demonstration case study.
