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Jing Xiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a two view cotraining rule Induction System for information extraction
International Conference on Intelligent Computing, 2006Co-Authors: Jing XiaoAbstract:Information extraction is becoming an important task due to the vast growth of the online texts. Pattern rule Induction is one kind of main methods to do information extraction. Manually constructing pattern rules is tedious and error prone. In this paper, we present GRID_CoTrain, a weakly supervised paradigm by bootstrapping GRID (a supervised rule Induction System) with cotraining and active learning. We also utilize external knowledge resource such as WordNet and existing ontology knowledge to optimize the learned pattern rules.
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ICIC (2) - A two-view cotraining rule Induction System for information extraction
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2006Co-Authors: Jing XiaoAbstract:Information extraction is becoming an important task due to the vast growth of the online texts. Pattern rule Induction is one kind of main methods to do information extraction. Manually constructing pattern rules is tedious and error prone. In this paper, we present GRID_CoTrain, a weakly supervised paradigm by bootstrapping GRID (a supervised rule Induction System) with cotraining and active learning. We also utilize external knowledge resource such as WordNet and existing ontology knowledge to optimize the learned pattern rules.
Nick Cercone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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RULE QUALITY MEASURES FOR RULE Induction SystemS: DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION
Computational Intelligence, 2001Co-Authors: Nick CerconeAbstract:A rule quality measure is important to a rule Induction System for determining when to stop generalization or specialization. Such measures are also important to a rule-based classification procedure for resolving conflicts among rules. We describe a number of statistical and empirical rule quality formulas and present an experimental comparison of these formulas on a number of standard machine learning datasets. We also present a meta-learning method for generating a set of formula-behavior rules from the experimental results which show the relationships between a formula’s performance and the characteristics of a dataset. These formula-behavior rules are combined into formula-selection rules that can be used in a rule Induction System to select a rule quality formula before rule Induction. We will report the experimental results showing the effects of formula-selection on the predictive performance of a rule Induction System. A rule Induction System generates decision rules from a set of training data. The set of decision rules determines the performance of a classifier that exploits the rules to classify unseen objects. It is therefore important for a rule Induction System to generate decision rules that have high predictability or reliability. These properties are commonly measured by a function called rule quality. A rule quality measure is needed in both the rule Induction and classification processes. A rule Induction process is usually considered as a search over a hypothesis space of possible rules for a decision rule that satisfies some criterion. The possible rules, in this case, are those rules that are defined by a concept description language, such as propositional rules. In the rule Induction process that is based on generalto-specific search (such as CN2 (Clark and Boswell 1991), HYDRA (Ali and Pazzani 1993)), a rule quality measure can be used as an evaluation heuristic to select attributevalue pairs in the rule specialization process; and/or it can be employed as a significance measure to stop further specialization. The main reason to focus special attention on the stopping criterion can be found in the studies on small disjunct problems (Holte, Acker, and Porter 1989; Ting 1994). The studies indicated that small disjuncts, which cover a small number of training examples, are much more error prone than large disjuncts that cover a large amount of training examples. To prevent small disjuncts, a stopping criterion based on rule consistency (i.e., the rule is consistent with the training examples) is not suggested for use in rule Induction. Other criteria, such as the G2 likelihood ratio statistic as used in CN2 (Clark and Niblett 1989) and the degree of logical sufficiency as used in HYDRA (Ali and Pazzani 1993), have been proposed to “pre-prune” a rule to avoid overspecialization of the rule. Some rule Induction Systems, such as C4.5 (Quinlan 1993) and ELEM2 (An and Cercone 1998), use an alternative strategy to prevent the small disjunct problem. In these Systems, the rule specialization process is allowed to run to completion (i.e., it forms a rule that is consistent with the training data or as nearly consistent as possible) and “post-prunes” overfitted rules by
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an empirical study on rule quality measures
Soft Computing, 1999Co-Authors: Aijun An, Nick CerconeAbstract:We describe statistical and empirical rule quality formulas and present an empirical comparison of them on standard machine learning datasets. From the experimental results, a set of formula-behavior rules are generated which show relationships between a formula’s performance and dataset characteristics. These formula-behavior rules are combined into formula-selection rules which can be used in a rule Induction System to select a rule quality formula before rule Induction.
Koichi Kakegawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 and VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 Effectively Induce Transdifferentiation into Xylem Vessel Elements under Control of an Induction System
Plant physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Masatoshi Yamaguchi, Nadia Goué, Hisako Igarashi, Misato Ohtani, Yoshimi Nakano, Jennifer C. Mortimer, Nobuyuki Nishikubo, Minoru Kubo, Yoshihiro Katayama, Koichi KakegawaAbstract:We previously showed that the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 (VND6) and VND7 genes, which encode NAM/ATAF/CUC domain protein transcription factors, act as key regulators of xylem vessel differentiation. Here, we report a glucocorticoid-mediated posttranslational Induction System of VND6 and VND7. In this System, VND6 or VND7 is expressed as a fused protein with the activation domain of the herpes virus VP16 protein and hormone-binding domain of the animal glucocorticoid receptor, and the protein's activity is induced by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid derivative. Upon DEX treatment, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants carrying the chimeric gene exhibited transdifferentiation of various types of cells into xylem vessel elements, and the plants died. Many genes involved in xylem vessel differentiation, such as secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, were up-regulated in these plants after DEX treatment. Chemical analysis showed that xylan, a major hemicellulose component of the dicot secondary cell wall, was increased in the transgenic plants after DEX treatment. This Induction System worked in poplar (Populus tremula x tremuloides) trees and in suspension cultures of cells from Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); more than 90% of the tobacco BY-2 cells expressing VND7-VP16-GR transdifferentiated into xylem vessel elements after DEX treatment. These data demonstrate that the Induction Systems controlling VND6 and VND7 activities can be used as powerful tools for understanding xylem cell differentiation.
A. Famili - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparative Performance of Rule Quality Measures in an Induction System
Applied Intelligence, 1997Co-Authors: Peter Dean, A. FamiliAbstract:This paper addresses an important problem related to the use ofInduction Systems in analyzing real world data. The problem is thequality and reliability of the rules generated by the Systems.~Wediscuss the significance of having a reliable and efficient rule quality measure. Such a measure can provide useful support ininterpreting, ranking and applying the rules generated by anInduction System. A number of rule quality and statistical measuresare selected from the literature and their performance is evaluatedon four sets of semiconductor data. The primary goal of thistesting and evaluation has been to investigate the performance ofthese quality measures based on: (i) accuracy, (ii) coverage, (iii)positive error ratio, and (iv) negative error ratio of the ruleselected by each measure. Moreover, the sensitivity of these qualitymeasures to different data distributions is examined. Inconclusion, we recommend Cohen‘s statistic as being the best qualitymeasure examined for the domain. Finally, we explain some future workto be done in this area.
Masatoshi Yamaguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 and VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 Effectively Induce Transdifferentiation into Xylem Vessel Elements under Control of an Induction System
Plant physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Masatoshi Yamaguchi, Nadia Goué, Hisako Igarashi, Misato Ohtani, Yoshimi Nakano, Jennifer C. Mortimer, Nobuyuki Nishikubo, Minoru Kubo, Yoshihiro Katayama, Koichi KakegawaAbstract:We previously showed that the VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 (VND6) and VND7 genes, which encode NAM/ATAF/CUC domain protein transcription factors, act as key regulators of xylem vessel differentiation. Here, we report a glucocorticoid-mediated posttranslational Induction System of VND6 and VND7. In this System, VND6 or VND7 is expressed as a fused protein with the activation domain of the herpes virus VP16 protein and hormone-binding domain of the animal glucocorticoid receptor, and the protein's activity is induced by treatment with dexamethasone (DEX), a glucocorticoid derivative. Upon DEX treatment, transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants carrying the chimeric gene exhibited transdifferentiation of various types of cells into xylem vessel elements, and the plants died. Many genes involved in xylem vessel differentiation, such as secondary wall biosynthesis and programmed cell death, were up-regulated in these plants after DEX treatment. Chemical analysis showed that xylan, a major hemicellulose component of the dicot secondary cell wall, was increased in the transgenic plants after DEX treatment. This Induction System worked in poplar (Populus tremula x tremuloides) trees and in suspension cultures of cells from Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum); more than 90% of the tobacco BY-2 cells expressing VND7-VP16-GR transdifferentiated into xylem vessel elements after DEX treatment. These data demonstrate that the Induction Systems controlling VND6 and VND7 activities can be used as powerful tools for understanding xylem cell differentiation.