The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hongbo Shao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Industrial Crop jerusalem artichoke restored coastal saline soil quality by reducing salt and increasing diversity of bacterial community
Applied Soil Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Tianyun Shao, Xiaohua Long, Manqiang Liu, Hongbo Shao, Tingshuo Zhu, Xiaotian Pan, Ye Zhu, Zed RengelAbstract:Abstract Salinity is one of the main environmental constraints in soil restricting plant growth and agricultural productivity; however, the utilization of salt-affected land brings substantial benefits. This study investigated an in situ remediation method that involved planting Jerusalem artichokes in naturally occurring saline-alkali soils with different salinities (g salt kg−1 soil), specifically, high salinity (H, >4.0), moderate salinity (M, 2.0–4.0) and low salinity (L, 1.0–2.0), in the coastal saline zone of southeast China. We compared these conditions with corresponding soil controls that were not planted. Soil pH and salinity were increased in bulk and unplanted control soils compared to rhizosphere soils. Neutral phosphatase and invertase showed a significant negative correlation with soil salinity, and there was a significant positive correlation between these two enzymes. While catalase activity decreased in the reverse order. The lowest calcite, muscovite and quartz contents as well as the highest chlorite and albite contents were found in the control soils. Planting Jerusalem artichoke also enhanced bacterial microbiota in saline-alkali soils. Bulk soil Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) numbers at high (H), moderate (M) and low (L) salinity were 4177, 5325 and 3672, respectively, and they were 1.27, 1.02 and 1.25 times lower than those in rhizosphere soil. This finding demonstrated that the Jerusalem artichoke played a significant role in enhancing soil microbial richness. In conclusion, Jerusalem artichoke could improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil by released root exudates into soil, increased the diversity and richness of soil microbial communities, and so on, so as to achieved the effect of improved the saline-alkali soil in coastal areas of Dafeng, Jiangsu Province, which provided scientific basis for elaborated the salt-tolerant characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke and improved the mechanism of coastal saline soil function.
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phenolics and antifungal activities analysis in Industrial Crop jerusalem artichoke helianthus tuberosus l leaves
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaohua Long, Fujia Chen, Mengni Yu, Hongbo ShaoAbstract:Spoilage of Industrial fruits and vegetables in storage and transportation due to fungal infection results in significant losses, and new natural antifungal treatments would have a large economic value. The extracts of antifungal compounds and phenolic acids from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) leaves were investigated for potential use in enhancing preservation of fruits and vegetables in storage. Either crude leaf extract or n-butanol fraction was active against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Rhizoctonia cerealis, with the values of IC50 (half of the maximum inhibitory concentration) ranging from 2466 to 2.534 g L-1 for the crude leaf extract and 0.232-1.911 g L-1 for n-butanol fraction. The severity of grey mould caused by B. cinerea was significantly reduced by n-butanol fraction applied at I and 2 g L-1 (the control efficiency of 71.3% and 77.8%, respectively, compared with commercial preparation Carbendazim. Following in vitro activity-guided fractionation by bioautography, six phenolic acids were separated from n-butanol fraction. Among them, caffeic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid played a dominant role and were active in bioassays against Gibberella zeae, with respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) being 108, 60 and 4.2 mu g mL(-1). These results imply that Jerusalem artichoke leaves might be a potential source of natural fungicides. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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characterization of marine pseudomonas spp antagonist towards three tuber rotting fungi from jerusalem artichoke a new Industrial Crop
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaohua Long, Hongbo Shao, Shanzhao Jin, Ling Liu, Zhaopu LiuAbstract:The aim of this study was the isolation, characterization, and selection of Pseudomonas spp. with antagonistic activity against Jerusalem artichoke tuber rot disease during storage. Ten pathogenic fungi were isolated from rotting tubers and classified in seven genera based on morphology and the part sequences in the ITS analysis. The marine Pseudomonas spp. strain JK2, isolated from mud in South China Sea, exhibited high antifungal activity against Aspergillus tamari (M10), Fusarium solani (M9), and Aspergillus fumigatus (M2). JK2 was identified as Pseudomonas spp. based on morphological, physiological and biochemical methods as well as 16S rDNA analysis. Seven days after inoculation the radii of the inhibition zone (mm) of M2, MO and M10 were 10.5 +/- 1.2, 6.5 +/- 0.15, and 13.0 +/- 0.75, respectively, compared to the sterilized medium as control. Transmission electron microscopy showed that, compared with the normal hyphae, the fungal hyphae treated with strain JK2 had injury in the cell wall. Thus, JK2 had a significant fungicidal effect on the three pathogenic fungi. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of biocontrol agent for storage disease of Jerusalem artichoke. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Alexandros Gasparatos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi dimensional energy poverty patterns around Industrial Crop projects in ghana enhancing the energy poverty alleviation potential of rural development strategies
Energy Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Abubakari Ahmed, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:Abstract Several countries across sub-Saharan Africa have promoted Industrial Crops to boost rural development, including rural energy poverty alleviation. However, little evidence exists about the intersection of rural development and energy poverty in Industrial Crop settings. We undertake a household survey to explore multidimensional energy poverty patterns around three operational Industrial Crop projects in Ghana (oil palm, jatropha, sugarcane). We conduct 850 surveys with households with different involvement in these projects (e.g. plantation workers, smallholders), as well as household not involved (i.e. control groups). Overall, distinct patterns emerge between sites and groups, reflecting the different area, project and household characteristics. Jatropha and oil palm plantation workers register lower energy poverty levels than their respective control groups, while oil palm and sugarcane smallholders register either the same (or higher) energy poverty. This is largely because income from engagement in Industrial Crop activities can reduce energy poverty for some groups, but only where modern energy options are readily available. In reality, other factors can be equally important, including other livelihood activities (e.g. sugarcane/palm oil processing) and the gender of household head. Such distinct patterns and local dynamics must be understood when aiming to achieve positive energy poverty alleviation outcomes through Industrial Crop expansion.
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Food security impacts of Industrial Crop production in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the impact mechanisms
Food Security, 2020Co-Authors: Marcin Pawel Jarzebski, Abubakari Ahmed, Yaw Agyeman Boafo, Boubacar Siddighi Balde, Linda Chinangwa, Osamu Saito, Graham Maltitz, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:A number of Industrial Crops have been promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to meet a range of policy objectives including economic growth, rural development, agricultural modernization and energy security. The food security impacts of Industrial Crop production have received extensive policyattention and have been widely discussed in the academic literature. There is, however, an overall lack of a clear understanding of these impacts due to thelarge diversity of Industrial Crops, and their varied modes of production, expansion areas, and impact mechanisms. This systematic review synthesizes theavailable knowledge on the interface of Industrial Crops and food security in SSA. In particular we identify key patterns with how different Industrial Cropsand impact mechanisms are represented and studied in the current literature, and how they intersect to affect food security. The current literature isfragmented, as most studies focus on single or small subsets of Crops and impact mechanisms. Most studies capture mechanisms related to food access andavailability, rather than to food utilization and stability. A clustering analysis identified the main literature clusters that combine mechanisms related to foodavailability, access to food, and environmental impact. The overall analysis presented in this systematic review allowed us to identify priority policy andpractice domains that need to be targeted in order to improve the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop production in SSA.
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linking Industrial Crop production and food security in sub saharan africa local national and continental perspectives
2020Co-Authors: Marcin Pawel Jarzebski, Abubakari Ahmed, Alice Karanja, Yaw Agyeman Boafo, Boubacar Siddighi Balde, Linda Chinangwa, Sileshi Degefa, Eric Brako Dompreh, Osamu Saito, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:Various Industrial Crops have been promoted across sub-Saharan African (SSA) to meet very diverse socioeconomic objectives linked to economic growth, rural development, agricultural modernization and energy security. Even though Industrial Crop production and food security have received extensive policy attention, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their interface due to the large diversity of Crops, modes of production, production areas and underlying impact mechanisms. This chapter synthesizes the existing evidence about the production patterns and drivers of Industrial Crop production in SSA, as well as how it intersects with food security. Initially through the analysis of secondary data and policy documents, we identify the very diverse production patterns and underlying drivers of Industrial Crop expansion in some of the key producing countries in the continent such as Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Burkina Faso, and Swaziland. Subsequently through a systematic literature review, we unravel how different mechanisms dictate the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop production across the continent. In particular, we identify 25 distinct mechanisms and the underlying factors through which they influence food security outcomes. The current literature is fragmented, with most studies focusing on single or small subsets of Crops and impact mechanisms. Most studies capture mechanisms related to food access and availability, rather than food utilization and stability. Based on this synthesis, we identify priority policy and practice domains that need to be targeted in order to improve the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop production across SSA.
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human wellbeing outcomes of involvement in Industrial Crop production evidence from sugarcane oil palm and jatropha sites in ghana
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Abubakari Ahmed, Eric Brako Dompreh, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:An extensive body of theoretical work has advocated the use of multiple human wellbeing indicators to assess the outcomes of agricultural investments in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). However, few studies have actually achieved it. This study investigates the human wellbeing outcomes of involvement in Industrial Crop production in Ghana by comparing the levels of different objective and subjective wellbeing measures for groups involved in Industrial Crop production as plantation workers and smallholders, and groups not involved (i.e. control groups). We use household income, adult consumption and the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) as indicators of objective wellbeing. We measure subjective wellbeing through self-reported levels of satisfaction with life, worthwhileness, happiness and anxiousness. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis is used to assess whether involvement in Industrial Crop production increases household income and consumption. Overall, for most indicators of objective wellbeing Industrial Crop outgrowers, smallholders and independent smallholders are better off compared to other groups in their respective sites (in terms of mean scores), but involvement does not necessarily brings human wellbeing benefits (PSM analysis). On the other hand plantation workers are either worse off or have similar level of objective human wellbeing with control groups in their respective sites (in terms of mean scores), but involvement sometimes brings human wellbeing benefits (PSM analysis). However, workers tend to benefit from access to plantation infrastructure, which has a positive effect to their multi-dimensional poverty. In most cases the objective wellbeing measures do not correlate well with self-reported levels of subjective wellbeing. It is important to combine such indicators when evaluating the human wellbeing outcomes of agricultural investments in order to obtain a more comprehensive outlook of whether Industrial Crop production can become a valuable rural development strategy in SSA.
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Assessing the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop expansion in smallholder settings: insights from cotton production in Northern Ghana and sugarcane production in Central Ethiopia
Sustainability Science, 2017Co-Authors: Rodolfo Dam Lam, Alexandros Gasparatos, Yaw Agyeman Boafo, Sileshi Degefa, Osamu SaitoAbstract:The current Industrial Crop (IC) expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) may have important ramifications for food security. This study proposes a rapid appraisal method that can capture the food security outcomes of IC expansion in smallholder settings in SSA. A key element of this approach is a common unit of household caloric intake that captures food security across its four pillars (availability, access, utilization, stability). This approach also considers the role of women in household food security. The proposed approach is tested in two radically different smallholder IC settings: cotton production in Northern Ghana and sugarcane production in Central Ethiopia.
Abubakari Ahmed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multi dimensional energy poverty patterns around Industrial Crop projects in ghana enhancing the energy poverty alleviation potential of rural development strategies
Energy Policy, 2020Co-Authors: Abubakari Ahmed, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:Abstract Several countries across sub-Saharan Africa have promoted Industrial Crops to boost rural development, including rural energy poverty alleviation. However, little evidence exists about the intersection of rural development and energy poverty in Industrial Crop settings. We undertake a household survey to explore multidimensional energy poverty patterns around three operational Industrial Crop projects in Ghana (oil palm, jatropha, sugarcane). We conduct 850 surveys with households with different involvement in these projects (e.g. plantation workers, smallholders), as well as household not involved (i.e. control groups). Overall, distinct patterns emerge between sites and groups, reflecting the different area, project and household characteristics. Jatropha and oil palm plantation workers register lower energy poverty levels than their respective control groups, while oil palm and sugarcane smallholders register either the same (or higher) energy poverty. This is largely because income from engagement in Industrial Crop activities can reduce energy poverty for some groups, but only where modern energy options are readily available. In reality, other factors can be equally important, including other livelihood activities (e.g. sugarcane/palm oil processing) and the gender of household head. Such distinct patterns and local dynamics must be understood when aiming to achieve positive energy poverty alleviation outcomes through Industrial Crop expansion.
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Food security impacts of Industrial Crop production in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the impact mechanisms
Food Security, 2020Co-Authors: Marcin Pawel Jarzebski, Abubakari Ahmed, Yaw Agyeman Boafo, Boubacar Siddighi Balde, Linda Chinangwa, Osamu Saito, Graham Maltitz, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:A number of Industrial Crops have been promoted in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to meet a range of policy objectives including economic growth, rural development, agricultural modernization and energy security. The food security impacts of Industrial Crop production have received extensive policyattention and have been widely discussed in the academic literature. There is, however, an overall lack of a clear understanding of these impacts due to thelarge diversity of Industrial Crops, and their varied modes of production, expansion areas, and impact mechanisms. This systematic review synthesizes theavailable knowledge on the interface of Industrial Crops and food security in SSA. In particular we identify key patterns with how different Industrial Cropsand impact mechanisms are represented and studied in the current literature, and how they intersect to affect food security. The current literature isfragmented, as most studies focus on single or small subsets of Crops and impact mechanisms. Most studies capture mechanisms related to food access andavailability, rather than to food utilization and stability. A clustering analysis identified the main literature clusters that combine mechanisms related to foodavailability, access to food, and environmental impact. The overall analysis presented in this systematic review allowed us to identify priority policy andpractice domains that need to be targeted in order to improve the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop production in SSA.
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linking Industrial Crop production and food security in sub saharan africa local national and continental perspectives
2020Co-Authors: Marcin Pawel Jarzebski, Abubakari Ahmed, Alice Karanja, Yaw Agyeman Boafo, Boubacar Siddighi Balde, Linda Chinangwa, Sileshi Degefa, Eric Brako Dompreh, Osamu Saito, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:Various Industrial Crops have been promoted across sub-Saharan African (SSA) to meet very diverse socioeconomic objectives linked to economic growth, rural development, agricultural modernization and energy security. Even though Industrial Crop production and food security have received extensive policy attention, we lack a comprehensive understanding of their interface due to the large diversity of Crops, modes of production, production areas and underlying impact mechanisms. This chapter synthesizes the existing evidence about the production patterns and drivers of Industrial Crop production in SSA, as well as how it intersects with food security. Initially through the analysis of secondary data and policy documents, we identify the very diverse production patterns and underlying drivers of Industrial Crop expansion in some of the key producing countries in the continent such as Kenya, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Burkina Faso, and Swaziland. Subsequently through a systematic literature review, we unravel how different mechanisms dictate the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop production across the continent. In particular, we identify 25 distinct mechanisms and the underlying factors through which they influence food security outcomes. The current literature is fragmented, with most studies focusing on single or small subsets of Crops and impact mechanisms. Most studies capture mechanisms related to food access and availability, rather than food utilization and stability. Based on this synthesis, we identify priority policy and practice domains that need to be targeted in order to improve the food security outcomes of Industrial Crop production across SSA.
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human wellbeing outcomes of involvement in Industrial Crop production evidence from sugarcane oil palm and jatropha sites in ghana
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Abubakari Ahmed, Eric Brako Dompreh, Alexandros GasparatosAbstract:An extensive body of theoretical work has advocated the use of multiple human wellbeing indicators to assess the outcomes of agricultural investments in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA). However, few studies have actually achieved it. This study investigates the human wellbeing outcomes of involvement in Industrial Crop production in Ghana by comparing the levels of different objective and subjective wellbeing measures for groups involved in Industrial Crop production as plantation workers and smallholders, and groups not involved (i.e. control groups). We use household income, adult consumption and the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) as indicators of objective wellbeing. We measure subjective wellbeing through self-reported levels of satisfaction with life, worthwhileness, happiness and anxiousness. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) analysis is used to assess whether involvement in Industrial Crop production increases household income and consumption. Overall, for most indicators of objective wellbeing Industrial Crop outgrowers, smallholders and independent smallholders are better off compared to other groups in their respective sites (in terms of mean scores), but involvement does not necessarily brings human wellbeing benefits (PSM analysis). On the other hand plantation workers are either worse off or have similar level of objective human wellbeing with control groups in their respective sites (in terms of mean scores), but involvement sometimes brings human wellbeing benefits (PSM analysis). However, workers tend to benefit from access to plantation infrastructure, which has a positive effect to their multi-dimensional poverty. In most cases the objective wellbeing measures do not correlate well with self-reported levels of subjective wellbeing. It is important to combine such indicators when evaluating the human wellbeing outcomes of agricultural investments in order to obtain a more comprehensive outlook of whether Industrial Crop production can become a valuable rural development strategy in SSA.
Xiaohua Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Industrial Crop Jerusalem artichoke on the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment in saline soil
2021Co-Authors: Tianyun Shao, Xiaohua Long, Xiumei Gao, Manqiang Liu, Zed RengelAbstract:Salinity is not only a threat to organisms and ecosystems, but also a major factor restricting the development of agricultural production. This study aimed to explore the modification effect of in-situ Jerusalem artichoke (genotype NY-1) cultivation on the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment in the saline-alkali region along the southeast coast of China. We analyzed the change of carbon and nitrogen in the saline soil from a microbial perspective, through the quantification of the area of root channels, rhizosphere secretions and soil microbiome (cbbL, cbbM and nifH). The root channels of NY-1 not only improved the physical structure of saline soil, but also provided a living space for microorganisms, afforded basic conditions for the optimization of the soil micro-ecological environment. In addition, rhizosphere secretions (from roots of NY-1 as well as microorganisms), such as carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, acids, etc., could be considered as a way to improve the saline-alkali soil habitat. NY-1 increased the diversity and abundance of autotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in saline soil (rhizosphere > bulk soils), which should be a biological way to increase the amount of carbon and nitrogen fixation in soil. Moreover, some of the detected genera (Sideroxydans, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, Desulfuromonas, etc.) participate in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and in the biogeochemical cycle of other elements. In short, Jerusalem artichoke can improve not only the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, but also promote material circulation and energy flow in the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment of saline soils.
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Industrial Crop jerusalem artichoke restored coastal saline soil quality by reducing salt and increasing diversity of bacterial community
Applied Soil Ecology, 2019Co-Authors: Tianyun Shao, Xiaohua Long, Manqiang Liu, Hongbo Shao, Tingshuo Zhu, Xiaotian Pan, Ye Zhu, Zed RengelAbstract:Abstract Salinity is one of the main environmental constraints in soil restricting plant growth and agricultural productivity; however, the utilization of salt-affected land brings substantial benefits. This study investigated an in situ remediation method that involved planting Jerusalem artichokes in naturally occurring saline-alkali soils with different salinities (g salt kg−1 soil), specifically, high salinity (H, >4.0), moderate salinity (M, 2.0–4.0) and low salinity (L, 1.0–2.0), in the coastal saline zone of southeast China. We compared these conditions with corresponding soil controls that were not planted. Soil pH and salinity were increased in bulk and unplanted control soils compared to rhizosphere soils. Neutral phosphatase and invertase showed a significant negative correlation with soil salinity, and there was a significant positive correlation between these two enzymes. While catalase activity decreased in the reverse order. The lowest calcite, muscovite and quartz contents as well as the highest chlorite and albite contents were found in the control soils. Planting Jerusalem artichoke also enhanced bacterial microbiota in saline-alkali soils. Bulk soil Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) numbers at high (H), moderate (M) and low (L) salinity were 4177, 5325 and 3672, respectively, and they were 1.27, 1.02 and 1.25 times lower than those in rhizosphere soil. This finding demonstrated that the Jerusalem artichoke played a significant role in enhancing soil microbial richness. In conclusion, Jerusalem artichoke could improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil by released root exudates into soil, increased the diversity and richness of soil microbial communities, and so on, so as to achieved the effect of improved the saline-alkali soil in coastal areas of Dafeng, Jiangsu Province, which provided scientific basis for elaborated the salt-tolerant characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke and improved the mechanism of coastal saline soil function.
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optimizing medium for producing ethanol from Industrial Crop jerusalem artichoke by one step fermentation and recombinant saccharomyces cerevisiae
Plant Biosystems, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaohua Long, Zhaopu Liu, Hui ShaoAbstract:In order to obtain a high ethanol yield from the Jerusalem artichoke raw extract and reduce the fermentation cost, we have engineered a new recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that could produce ex-inulinase. The response surface methodology based on Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the medium for the ethanol production from the Jerusalem artichoke raw extracts by the recombinant strain. In the first optimization step, Plackett-Burman design was employed to select significant factors, including concentrations of yeast extract, inoculum, and MgSO(4)7H(2)O. In the second step, the steepest ascent experiment was carried out to determine the center point with the three significant factors; the selected combinations were further optimized using the Box-Behnken design. The maximum ethanol production rate was predicted at 91.1g/l, which was based on a medium consisting of yeast extract 9.24g/l, inoculum 39.8ml/l, and MgSO(4)7H(2)O 0.45g/l. In the validating experiment, the ethanol fermentation rate reached 102.1g/l, closely matching the predicted rate.
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phenolics and antifungal activities analysis in Industrial Crop jerusalem artichoke helianthus tuberosus l leaves
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaohua Long, Fujia Chen, Mengni Yu, Hongbo ShaoAbstract:Spoilage of Industrial fruits and vegetables in storage and transportation due to fungal infection results in significant losses, and new natural antifungal treatments would have a large economic value. The extracts of antifungal compounds and phenolic acids from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) leaves were investigated for potential use in enhancing preservation of fruits and vegetables in storage. Either crude leaf extract or n-butanol fraction was active against Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora capsici Leonian and Rhizoctonia cerealis, with the values of IC50 (half of the maximum inhibitory concentration) ranging from 2466 to 2.534 g L-1 for the crude leaf extract and 0.232-1.911 g L-1 for n-butanol fraction. The severity of grey mould caused by B. cinerea was significantly reduced by n-butanol fraction applied at I and 2 g L-1 (the control efficiency of 71.3% and 77.8%, respectively, compared with commercial preparation Carbendazim. Following in vitro activity-guided fractionation by bioautography, six phenolic acids were separated from n-butanol fraction. Among them, caffeic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid played a dominant role and were active in bioassays against Gibberella zeae, with respective minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) being 108, 60 and 4.2 mu g mL(-1). These results imply that Jerusalem artichoke leaves might be a potential source of natural fungicides. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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characterization of marine pseudomonas spp antagonist towards three tuber rotting fungi from jerusalem artichoke a new Industrial Crop
Industrial Crops and Products, 2013Co-Authors: Xiaohua Long, Hongbo Shao, Shanzhao Jin, Ling Liu, Zhaopu LiuAbstract:The aim of this study was the isolation, characterization, and selection of Pseudomonas spp. with antagonistic activity against Jerusalem artichoke tuber rot disease during storage. Ten pathogenic fungi were isolated from rotting tubers and classified in seven genera based on morphology and the part sequences in the ITS analysis. The marine Pseudomonas spp. strain JK2, isolated from mud in South China Sea, exhibited high antifungal activity against Aspergillus tamari (M10), Fusarium solani (M9), and Aspergillus fumigatus (M2). JK2 was identified as Pseudomonas spp. based on morphological, physiological and biochemical methods as well as 16S rDNA analysis. Seven days after inoculation the radii of the inhibition zone (mm) of M2, MO and M10 were 10.5 +/- 1.2, 6.5 +/- 0.15, and 13.0 +/- 0.75, respectively, compared to the sterilized medium as control. Transmission electron microscopy showed that, compared with the normal hyphae, the fungal hyphae treated with strain JK2 had injury in the cell wall. Thus, JK2 had a significant fungicidal effect on the three pathogenic fungi. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of biocontrol agent for storage disease of Jerusalem artichoke. 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Herve Chrestin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ethylene stimulation of latex yield depends on the expression of a sucrose transporter hbsut1b in rubber tree hevea brasiliensis
Tree Physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Anais Dusotoitcoucaud, Panida Kongsawadworakul, Laurence Maurousset, Unshira Viboonjun, Nicole Brunel, Valerie Pujaderenaud, Herve ChrestinAbstract:Hevea brasiliensis is an important Industrial Crop for natural rubber production. Latex biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of highly specialized latex cells and requires sucrose as the unique precursor. Ethylene stimulation of latex production results in high sugar flow from the surrounding cells of inner bark towards the latex cells. The aim of this work was to understand the role of seven sucrose transporters (HbSUTs) and one hexose transporter (HbHXT1) in this process. Two Hevea clones were used: PB217 and PB260, respectively described as high and low yielding clones. The expression pattern of these sugar transporters (HbSUTs and HbHXT1) was monitored under different physiological conditions and found to be maximal in latex cells. HbSUT1, one of the most abundant isoforms, displayed the greatest response to ethylene treatment. In clone PB217, ethylene treatment led to a higher accumulation of HbSUT1B in latex cells than in the inner bark tissues. Conversely, stronger expression of HbSUT1B was observed in inner bark tissues than in latex cells of PB260. A positive correlation with HbSUT1B transcript accumulation and increased latex production was further supported by its lower expression in latex cells of the virgin clone PB217.
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ethylene stimulation of latex yield depends on the expression of a sucrose transporter hbsut1b in rubber tree hevea brasiliensis
Tree Physiology, 2010Co-Authors: Anais Dusotoitcoucaud, Panida Kongsawadworakul, Laurence Maurousset, Unshira Viboonjun, Nicole Brunel, Valerie Pujaderenaud, Herve Chrestin, Soulaiman SakrAbstract:Hevea brasiliensis is an important Industrial Crop for natural rubber production. Latex biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm of highly specialized latex cells and requires sucrose as the unique precursor. Ethylene stimulation of latex production results in high sugar flow from the surrounding cells of inner bark towards the latex cells. The aim of this work was to understand the role of seven sucrose transporters (HbSUTs) and one hexose transporter (HbHXT1) in this process. Two Hevea clones were used: PB217 and PB260, respectively described as high and low yielding clones. The expression pattern of these sugar transporters (HbSUTs and HbHXT1) was monitored under different physiological conditions and found to be maximal in latex cells. HbSUT1, one of the most abundant isoforms, displayed the greatest response to ethylene treatment. In clone PB217, ethylene treatment led to a higher accumulation of HbSUT1B in latex cells than in the inner bark tissues. Conversely, stronger expression of HbSUT1B was observed in inner bark tissues than in latex cells of PB260. A positive correlation with HbSUT1B transcript accumulation and increased latex production was further supported by its lower expression in latex cells of the virgin clone PB217.