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Oladele Osibanjo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Industrial Pollution load assessment by Industrial Pollution projection system (IPPS)
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: A. A. Oketola, Oladele OsibanjoAbstract:Growing awareness of the harmful effects on the environment caused by Industrial activities has led to increasing pressure from local communities, groups, environmental organizations, and government regulators on industries to reduce their pollutant emissions. The need for Industrial Pollution assessment in the developing countries (where necessary information to set priorities, strategies, and action plans on environmental issues are lacking) has led to the development of the Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) by the World Bank. IPPS is a cheap and rapid environmental management tool for Pollution load estimation towards the development of appropriate policy formulation for Industrial Pollution control.
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Assessment of Industrial Pollution Load in Lagos, Nigeria by Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) versus Effluent Analysis
Environmental Management in Practice, 2011Co-Authors: A. A. Oketola, Oladele OsibanjoAbstract:Lagos is the economic capital of Nigeria with over 70% of industries in the country located there. It is also the fastest growing city in Nigeria in terms of development and Industrial infrastructure, forecast to be one of the three megacities in the world with population of over 20 million by the year 2025. The rapid growth and haphazard urbanization have led to an increase in waste generation and environmental Pollution. The Industrial Pollution problems faced by Lagos with over 7,000 medium and large scale manufacturing facilities are directly related to the rapid Industrial growth and the haphazard Industrialization without environmental consideration (Oketola and Osibanjo, 2009a). Pollution abatement technologies are largely absent and the consequence is a gross Pollution of natural resources and environmental media. Since effective environmental protection cannot take place in a data vacuum, Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which is a rapid environmental management tool for Pollution load assessment, has been employed in this study to estimate Industrial Pollution loads and to ascertain the agreement between IPPS models and conventional effluent analysis. It has been recognized that the developing countries lack the necessary information to set priorities, strategies, and action plans on environmental issues. Plant-level monitoring of air, water and toxic emissions is at best imperfect, monitoring equipment is not available and where available is obsolete; data collection and measurement methodology are questionable, and there is usually lack of trained personnel on Industrial sites (Oketola and Osibanjo, 2009b; Hettige et al., 1994). In the absence of reliable Pollution monitoring data, the World Bank has created a series of datasets that have given the research community the opportunity to better understand levels of Pollution in developing countries, and therefore issue policy advice with more clarity (Aguayo et al., 2001). Hence, the World Bank developed the Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which is a rapid assessment tool for Pollution load estimation towards the development of appropriate policy formulation for Industrial Pollution control in the developing countries, where insufficient data on Industrial Pollution proved to be an impediment to setting-up Pollution control strategies and prioritization of activities (Faisal, 1991; Arpad et al, 1995). IPPS is a modeling system, which has been developed to exploit the fact that Industrial Pollution is heavily affected by the scale of Industrial activity, by its sectoral composition, and by the type of process technology used in production. IPPS combines data from
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Estimating sectoral Pollution load in Lagos by Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS)
Science of the Total Environment, 2007Co-Authors: A. A. Oketola, Oladele OsibanjoAbstract:Sensitivity to environmental issues brought about increasing pressure from local community, groups, environmental organizations and government regulators on industries to reduce their pollutant emissions. In this study, Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which was developed by the Infrastructure and Environment Team of the World Bank, was used to estimate Pollution load in ton/yr (with respect to employment) of Industrial sectors in Lagos. The IPPS was developed to exploit the fact that the scale of Industrial activity, its sectorial composition, and the process technologies, employed in production, heavily affect Industrial Pollution. Available data, from Manufacturer's Association of Nigeria (M.A.N.) for the years 1997-2002 was used for the estimation. From the cumulative ranking of the Pollution load (ton/yr) estimate to all media (i.e. air, land, and water), Chemical and Pharmaceutical (CPH) sector is the highest polluting sector, followed by Basic Metal (BML), Domestic and Industrial Plastics (DIP), and Food, Beverage and Tobacco (FBT) sectors. Some of these sectors have the highest number of employees, and also appeared as the most polluting sectors in Lagos. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A. A. Oketola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Industrial Pollution load assessment by Industrial Pollution projection system (IPPS)
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2020Co-Authors: A. A. Oketola, Oladele OsibanjoAbstract:Growing awareness of the harmful effects on the environment caused by Industrial activities has led to increasing pressure from local communities, groups, environmental organizations, and government regulators on industries to reduce their pollutant emissions. The need for Industrial Pollution assessment in the developing countries (where necessary information to set priorities, strategies, and action plans on environmental issues are lacking) has led to the development of the Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) by the World Bank. IPPS is a cheap and rapid environmental management tool for Pollution load estimation towards the development of appropriate policy formulation for Industrial Pollution control.
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Assessment of Industrial Pollution Load in Lagos, Nigeria by Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS) versus Effluent Analysis
Environmental Management in Practice, 2011Co-Authors: A. A. Oketola, Oladele OsibanjoAbstract:Lagos is the economic capital of Nigeria with over 70% of industries in the country located there. It is also the fastest growing city in Nigeria in terms of development and Industrial infrastructure, forecast to be one of the three megacities in the world with population of over 20 million by the year 2025. The rapid growth and haphazard urbanization have led to an increase in waste generation and environmental Pollution. The Industrial Pollution problems faced by Lagos with over 7,000 medium and large scale manufacturing facilities are directly related to the rapid Industrial growth and the haphazard Industrialization without environmental consideration (Oketola and Osibanjo, 2009a). Pollution abatement technologies are largely absent and the consequence is a gross Pollution of natural resources and environmental media. Since effective environmental protection cannot take place in a data vacuum, Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which is a rapid environmental management tool for Pollution load assessment, has been employed in this study to estimate Industrial Pollution loads and to ascertain the agreement between IPPS models and conventional effluent analysis. It has been recognized that the developing countries lack the necessary information to set priorities, strategies, and action plans on environmental issues. Plant-level monitoring of air, water and toxic emissions is at best imperfect, monitoring equipment is not available and where available is obsolete; data collection and measurement methodology are questionable, and there is usually lack of trained personnel on Industrial sites (Oketola and Osibanjo, 2009b; Hettige et al., 1994). In the absence of reliable Pollution monitoring data, the World Bank has created a series of datasets that have given the research community the opportunity to better understand levels of Pollution in developing countries, and therefore issue policy advice with more clarity (Aguayo et al., 2001). Hence, the World Bank developed the Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which is a rapid assessment tool for Pollution load estimation towards the development of appropriate policy formulation for Industrial Pollution control in the developing countries, where insufficient data on Industrial Pollution proved to be an impediment to setting-up Pollution control strategies and prioritization of activities (Faisal, 1991; Arpad et al, 1995). IPPS is a modeling system, which has been developed to exploit the fact that Industrial Pollution is heavily affected by the scale of Industrial activity, by its sectoral composition, and by the type of process technology used in production. IPPS combines data from
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Estimating sectoral Pollution load in Lagos by Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS)
Science of the Total Environment, 2007Co-Authors: A. A. Oketola, Oladele OsibanjoAbstract:Sensitivity to environmental issues brought about increasing pressure from local community, groups, environmental organizations and government regulators on industries to reduce their pollutant emissions. In this study, Industrial Pollution Projection System (IPPS), which was developed by the Infrastructure and Environment Team of the World Bank, was used to estimate Pollution load in ton/yr (with respect to employment) of Industrial sectors in Lagos. The IPPS was developed to exploit the fact that the scale of Industrial activity, its sectorial composition, and the process technologies, employed in production, heavily affect Industrial Pollution. Available data, from Manufacturer's Association of Nigeria (M.A.N.) for the years 1997-2002 was used for the estimation. From the cumulative ranking of the Pollution load (ton/yr) estimate to all media (i.e. air, land, and water), Chemical and Pharmaceutical (CPH) sector is the highest polluting sector, followed by Basic Metal (BML), Domestic and Industrial Plastics (DIP), and Food, Beverage and Tobacco (FBT) sectors. Some of these sectors have the highest number of employees, and also appeared as the most polluting sectors in Lagos. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
David Wheeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Industrial Pollution Projection System - The Industrial Pollution Projection System
Policy Research Working Papers, 1999Co-Authors: Hemamala Hettige, Paul Martin, Manjula Singh, David WheelerAbstract:The World Bank's technical assistance work with new environmental protection institutions stresses cost-effective regulation, with market-based Pollution control instruments implemented wherever feasible. But few environmental protection institutions can do the benefit-cost analysis needed because they lack data on Industrial emissions and abatement costs. For the time being, they must use appropriate estimates. The Industrial Pollution projection system (IPPS) is being developed as a comprehensive response to this need for estimates. The estimation of IPPS parameters is providing a much clearer, more detailed view of the sources of Industrial Pollution. The IPPS has been developed to exploit the fact that Industrial Pollution is heavily affected by the scale of Industrial activity, by its sectoral composition, and by the type of process technology used in production. Most developing countries have little or no data on Industrial Pollution, but many of them have relatively detailed industry-survey information on employment, value added, or output. The IPPS is designed to convert this information to a profile of associated pollutant output for countries, regions, urban areas, or proposed new projects. It operates through sectoral estimates of Pollution intensity, or Pollution per unit of activity. The IPPS is being developed in two phases. The first prototype has been estimated from a massive U.S. data base developed by the Bank's Policy Research Department, Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, in collaboration with the Center for Economic Studies of the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This database was created by merging manufacturing census data with Environment Protection Agency data on air, water, and solid waste emissions. It draws on environmental, economic, and geographic information from about 200,000 U.S. factories. The IPPS covers about 1,500 product categories, all operating technologies, and hundreds of pollutants. It can project air, water, or solid waste emissions, and it incorporates a range of risk factors for human toxins and ecotoxic effects. The more ambitious second phase of IPPS development will take into account cross-country and cross-regional variations in relative prices, economic and sectoral policies, and strictness of regulation.
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the Industrial Pollution projection system
1999Co-Authors: Hemamala Hettige, Paul Martin, Manjula Singh, David WheelerAbstract:The World Bank's technical assistance work with new environmental protection institutions stresses cost-effective regulation, with market-based Pollution control instruments implemented wherever feasible. But few environmental protection institutions can do the benefit-cost analysis needed because they lack data on Industrial emissions and abatement costs. For the time being, they must use appropriate estimates. The Industrial Pollution projection system (IPPS) is being developed as a comprehensive response to this need for estimates. The estimation of IPPS parameters is providing a much clearer, more detailed view of the sources of Industrial Pollution. The IPPS has been developed to exploit the fact that Industrial Pollution is heavily affected by the scale of Industrial activity, by its sectoral composition, and by the type of process technology used in production. Most developing countries have little or no data on Industrial Pollution, but many of them have relatively detailed industry-survey information on employment, value added, or output. The IPPS is designed to convert this information to a profile of associated pollutant output for countries, regions, urban areas, or proposed new projects. It operates through sectoral estimates of Pollution intensity, or Pollution per unit of activity. The IPPS is being developed in two phases. The first prototype has been estimated from a massive U.S. data base developed by the Bank's Policy Research Department, Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, in collaboration with the Center for Economic Studies of the U.S. Census Bureau and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This database was created by merging manufacturing census data with Environment Protection Agency data on air, water, and solid waste emissions. It draws on environmental, economic, and geographic information from about 200,000 U.S. factories. The IPPS covers about 1,500 product categories, all operating technologies, and hundreds of pollutants. It can project air, water, or solid waste emissions, and it incorporates a range of risk factors for human toxins and ecotoxic effects. The more ambitious second phase of IPPS development will take into account cross-country and cross-regional variations in relative prices, economic and sectoral policies, and strictness of regulation.
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Controlling Industrial Pollution in the developing world
Environmental Quality Management, 1998Co-Authors: David Shaman, David WheelerAbstract:Industrial Pollution has become a serious problem in many developing countries during the past two decades. Support for regulation of Industrial Pollution has remained lukewarm from many policymakers, despite research suggesting large benefits from Pollution reduction even in very poor countries. Since 1993, a World Bank research team on the environment has worked in collaboration with Pollution control agencies to understand existing regulatory practices, industry's environmental performance, and Pollution abatement costs in developing countries. The researchers'ongoing work has already produced a large number of publicly-available research papers and datasets, and is providing the Bank team with considerable expertise and insights into the design of effective Pollution control policies.
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Controlling Industrial Pollution: A New Paradigm - Controlling Industrial Pollution: A New Paradigm
Policy Research Working Papers, 1996Co-Authors: Shakeb Afsah, Benoit Laplante, David WheelerAbstract:The authors call for a revised model for the regulation of Industrial Pollution. They think the traditional emphasis on appropriate instruments, while ultimately correct, is premature, because agencies in most developing countries have insufficient information and burdensome transaction costs to implement any instruments comprehensively. Once regulators have better information, more integrated information systems, more capacity for setting priorities, and a stronger public mandate, it will not be difficult for them to manage Pollution more cost-effectively. Overhasty production of market-based instruments will not work and will probably discredit those regulatory tools. Rather, the new model of regulation should relegate regulators to their proper place in the scheme of things. The state should play a role in regulating Pollution externalities, but should also recognize the role of the community and the market. In the authors' view, appropriate regulation in developing countries should incorporate five key features, namely, it should foster a climate of information intensity, encourage community environmental education, allow variations in regulations in different communities, initiate pilot projects and build larger programs later, and fashion adaptive regulatory instruments that both counter environmental degradation and minimize disruption for investors.
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controlling Industrial Pollution a new paradigm
1996Co-Authors: Shakeb Afsah, Benoit Laplante, David WheelerAbstract:The authors call for a revised model for the regulation of Industrial Pollution. They think the traditional emphasis on appropriate instruments, while ultimately correct, is premature, because agencies in most developing countries have insufficient information and burdensome transaction costs to implement any instruments comprehensively. Once regulators have better information, more integrated information systems, more capacity for setting priorities, and a stronger public mandate, it will not be difficult for them to manage Pollution more cost-effectively. Overhasty production of market-based instruments will not work and will probably discredit those regulatory tools. Rather, the new model of regulation should relegate regulators to their proper place in the scheme of things. The state should play a role in regulating Pollution externalities, but should also recognize the role of the community and the market. In the authors' view, appropriate regulation in developing countries should incorporate five key features, namely, it should foster a climate of information intensity, encourage community environmental education, allow variations in regulations in different communities, initiate pilot projects and build larger programs later, and fashion adaptive regulatory instruments that both counter environmental degradation and minimize disruption for investors.
Zheng Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling and computation of transboundary Industrial Pollution with emission permits trading by stochastic differential game
PLOS ONE, 2015Co-Authors: Shuhua Chang, Xinyu Wang, Zheng WangAbstract:Transboundary Industrial Pollution requires international actions to control its formation and effects. In this paper, we present a stochastic differential game to model the transboundary Industrial Pollution problems with emission permits trading. More generally, the process of emission permits price is assumed to be stochastic and to follow a geometric Brownian motion (GBM). We make use of stochastic optimal control theory to derive the system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations satisfied by the value functions for the cooperative and the noncooperative games, respectively, and then propose a so-called fitted finite volume method to solve it. The efficiency and the usefulness of this method are illustrated by the numerical experiments. The two regions’ cooperative and noncooperative optimal emission paths, which maximize the regions’ discounted streams of the net revenues, together with the value functions, are obtained. Additionally, we can also obtain the threshold conditions for the two regions to decide whether they cooperate or not in different cases. The effects of parameters in the established model on the results have been also examined. All the results demonstrate that the stochastic emission permits prices can motivate the players to make more flexible strategic decisions in the games.
Johannes Schmidt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Industrial Pollution load assessment in Phnom Penh, Cambodia using an Industrial Pollution projection system
Science of the Total Environment, 2018Co-Authors: Vibol San, Vin Spoann, Johannes SchmidtAbstract:Approximately 56% out of the total 1302 Cambodian firms are operated in the Capital city of Cambodia. The necessary information on Industrial Pollution to set strategies, priorities and action plans on environmental protection issues is absent in Cambodia. In the absence of this data, effective environmental protection cannot be implemented. The objective of this study is to estimate Industrial Pollution load by employing the Industrial Pollution Projection System, a rapid environmental management tool for assessment of Pollution load, to produce a scientific rational basis for preparing future policy direction to reduce Industrial Pollution in Phnom Penh city. Factory data between 1994 and 2014 obtained from the Ministry of Industry and Handicraft of Cambodia were used in our study. Due to the high number of employees, the total environmental load generated in Phnom Penh city was estimated to be 476,981 Mg in 2014. Phnom Penh city generated 189,109 Mg of VOC, 165,411 Mg of toxic chemicals to air, 38,523 Mg of toxic chemicals to land, and 28,968 Mg of SO2 in 2014. The results of the estimation show that the Textiles and Apparel sector was the highest generators of toxic chemicals into land and air, and toxic metals into land, air and water, while the Basic Metal sector was the greatest contributor of toxic chemicals to water. The Textiles and Apparel sector alone emitted 436,016 Mg of total Pollution load. The results indicate that the Dangkao and Meanchey districts were the greatest emitters of all pollutants in Phnom Penh. The results suggest that reduction in Industrial Pollution could be achieved by focusing on the most polluting sectors and areas. Adopting waste minimization strategies, which include cleaner production processes, will not only reduce the cost of controlling Pollution, it will also make manufacturing more efficient thereby increasing profits while reducing Pollution load in the long run.
