The Experts below are selected from a list of 13320 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Brita Hermelin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Grete Rusten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • cross sector collaboration in upper secondary school vocational education experiences from two Industrial Towns in sweden and norway
    Journal of Education and Work, 2017
    Co-Authors: Grete Rusten, Brita Hermelin
    Abstract:

    This study explores industry–education collaboration on vocational education and training (VET) in upper secondary schools in Sweden and Norway, with particular attention to the initiatives, organi...

  • cross sector collaboration in upper secondary school vocational education experiences from two Industrial Towns in sweden and norway
    Journal of Education and Work, 2017
    Co-Authors: Grete Rusten, Brita Hermelin
    Abstract:

    AbstractThis study explores industry–education collaboration on vocational education and training (VET) in upper secondary schools in Sweden and Norway, with particular attention to the initiatives, organisation and operational management, and aspects of robustness and lock-in effects. The case studies include two upper secondary schools situated in manufacturing based Towns, which are similar in size and Industrial structure, and have the dual system of education. Pupils come from these Towns and other places in the surrounding region. The research design is based on a mixed-method approach, including interviews and other sources of information from schools and industry. This covered organisational and operational levels, corporate motives and arrangements, Industrial composition, labour market conditions, and other regional and national characteristics. The results demonstrated how shared goals of improving the reputation and quality of VET and meeting industries’ needs for skills formed in two distinct...

  • how green is the valley foreign direct investment in two norwegian Industrial Towns
    Canadian Geographer, 2005
    Co-Authors: Stigerik Jakobsen, Grete Rusten, Arnt Floysand
    Abstract:

    Depuis le debut des annees 1900, les investissements directs d l'etranger (IDE) ont grandement marque la societe norvegienne, notamment dans les communautes peripheriques. Cet article presente une analyse de la facon dont les entreprises transnationales (ETN) exploitent le territoire y compris le niveau local. Il tente aussi d'expliquer comment la relation complexe entre les entreprises et les espaces depend des attributs propres aux ETN et des caracteristiques de l'economie locale. Un courant important de la litterature etudie les nombreuses incidences et repercussions des ETN, comme les relations d'offre verticale et les effets indirects. Cependant, les discussions qui s'ensuivent presentent generalement peu d'explications d'ordre theorique concernant les resultats. La litterature associe les resultats positifs ou negatifs directement aux conditions locales et aux motivations qui poussent une entreprise d placer ses capitaux dans un IDE. Elle aborde a peine la question sur comment les resultats peuvent varier selon les types d'entreprises, de communautes et d'economies nationales, et comment ces interactions produisent des resultats differents. En conclusion, nous rappelons que les IDE disposent de plusieurs possibilites de transformer un milieu. Un investissement peut produire une dependance au sentier qui accentue la soumission quand le capital economique domine, et une dependance au sentier qui accentue le developpement quand il offre un equilibre entre le capital economique, les reseaux sociaux et le savoir. Une analyse empirique permet de relever cette variation qui caracterise les incidences des IDE. Elle porte sur deux villes moyennes industrielles situees dans la partie occidentale de la Norvege. La premiere est riche en ressources naturelles tandis que l'autre est dotee de ressources technologiques intangibles. Introduction The process of globalisation increases the importance of foreign ownership in the operation of firms and makes foreign direct investment (FDI) an interesting subject for the analysis of local development. The literature discussing FDI has focused on how local conditions and motives behind FDI form local effects (Young et al. 1994; Dunning 1995, 1998; Amin and Cohendet 1999; Nachum and Keeble 1999). FDI generates different local effects, such as vertical supply linkages, spin-offs, knowledge spillovers and welfare effects. These effects vary according to both general economic, regulative and political national conditions and place-specific conditions and the underlying motives of FDI. Further, these factors and market conditions may change over time. The FDI literature demonstrates that interaction between FDI and local conditions can be generalised to generate two main types of outcome (Giarratana et al. 2003). By the term outcome, we understand the collective result and effects of an event. The first outcome may be labelled FDI as development. This characterises a situation in which there are extensive local effects of FDI, such as vertical linkages, knowledge spillovers, spin-offs, innovation networks and technology transfer. The second outcome may be labelled FDI as dependency. This is a situation in which the local effects of FDI are restricted to employment in subsidiaries, taxes and some vertical supply linkages. Theoretical explanations of outcomes are harder to grasp. The literature links positive as well as negative outcomes to local conditions and to investment motives of the entity making the FDI, but says little about the type of FDI and the interactions that generate FDI as development or FDI as dependency. In this article, we develop a model to address this issue. We argue that FDI consists of economic capital, networks and knowledge that, when interacting with given local conditions, can generate different forms of dependency or development. In an analysis of two Norwegian Industrial Towns, the usefulness of this model is examined. The analysis aims to explain: * the history of FDI in these Industrial Towns; * the local effects that are generated by the FDI; * the interaction between the characteristics of the FDI, local conditions and local effects. …

Muñoz Sanz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Urbanism as Myth and Ceremony: Social Legitimacy and the Development of the Bata Shoe Company Satellite Towns (1929-1935)
    'OpenEdition', 2020
    Co-Authors: Muñoz Sanz
    Abstract:

    Between 1929 and 1935, the Bata Shoe Company planned the construction of a series of modern Industrial satellite Towns in Europe, Asia, and America. By 1935, however, their development was far from advanced, and their original town plans, following a modernist grid, had been replaced with new ones, based on garden city ideas. A transnational explanation of the conditions that complicated their construction and motivated changes in their design remains as a gap in the existing literature on the Bata Shoe Company. The conceptual framework of sociological institutionalism is used to study how questions of meaning and social legitimacy influenced the design and construction of Bata’s Industrial Towns in the 1930s. The methodology employed involved the triangulation of the study of secondary sources and research into Bata’s archives, with the analysis of how the urban form of the Towns changed through time. The research reveals the institutionalization of ideas on urban planning and architecture within Bata’s structure, and the role of external legitimation in justifying their utilization or withdrawal. Finally, this article will posit that interdisciplinary readings on contemporary urban history can bring new insights into the transformation of the built environment by multinational organizations.Urban Desig

  • Urbanism as Myth and Ceremony: Social Legitimacy and the Development of the Bata Shoe Company Satellite Towns (1929-1935)
    'OpenEdition', 2020
    Co-Authors: Muñoz Sanz
    Abstract:

    Between 1929 and 1935, the Bata Shoe Company planned the construction of a series of modern Industrial satellite Towns in Europe, Asia, and America. By 1935, however, their development was far from advanced, and their original town plans, following a modernist grid, had been replaced with new ones, based on garden city ideas. A transnational explanation of the conditions that complicated their construction and motivated changes in their design remains as a gap in the existing literature on the Bata Shoe Company. The conceptual framework of sociological institutionalism is used to study how questions of meaning and social legitimacy influenced the design and construction of Bata’s Industrial Towns in the 1930s. The methodology employed involved the triangulation of the study of secondary sources and research into Bata’s archives, with the analysis of how the urban form of the Towns changed through time. The research reveals the institutionalization of ideas on urban planning and architecture within Bata’s structure, and the role of external legitimation in justifying their utilization or withdrawal. Finally, this article will posit that interdisciplinary readings on contemporary urban history can bring new insights into the transformation of the built environment by multinational organizations

Alberto Salvo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • severe air pollution and labor productivity evidence from Industrial Towns in china
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jiaxiu He, Alberto Salvo
    Abstract:

    We examine day-to-day fluctuations in worker-level output at two manufacturing sites located in different Industrial Towns in China. Ambient air pollution in both Towns, as proxied alternatively by fine-particle (PM2.5) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels, is severe but significantly variable, in part due to exogenous atmospheric ventilation. Across sites, pollution proxies and estimators, and correcting for worker heterogeneity and seasonality, we find a precisely estimated zero response on daily worker output from concurrent (same-shift) variation in air pollution. This is consistent with the stated perceptions of managers during our visits to over 10 firms in four provinces. We then follow the epidemiological literature and allow worker outcomes to respond to day-to-day variation in pollution with up to 30 days of delay. We uncover statistically significant adverse output effects from more prolonged pollution exposure, but these effects are not large. The cumulative effect – scaled for a large +10 μg/m3 PM2.5 variation in exposure on the day of output and on each of the previous 25 days – amounts to -0.5 to -3% of mean daily output. Estimates using SO2 are similar. Consistent with a simple model, more productive workers tend to respond more to pollution.

  • severe air pollution and labor productivity evidence from Industrial Towns in china
    American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2019
    Co-Authors: Haoming Liu, Alberto Salvo
    Abstract:

    We examine day-to-day fluctuations in worker-level output at two manufacturing sites in China. Ambient fine-particle (PM2.5) pollution is severe but significantly variable, largely due to exogenous atmospheric ventilation. We obtain an insignificant immediate output response from concurrent (same-shift) variation in particle pollution. We then allow worker outcomes to respond to day-to-day variation in pollution with up to 30 days of delay. We uncover statistically significant adverse output effects from more prolonged exposure, but effects are not large. A substantial +10 μg/m3 PM2.5 variation sustained over 25 days reduces daily output by 1%.

Siim Sultson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • formation mechanisms of stalinist oil shale mining and Industrial Towns in east estonia soviet nuclear needs and local ambitions
    Journal of Urban History, 2021
    Co-Authors: Siim Sultson
    Abstract:

    Planning of oil-shale mining and Industrial Towns Kohtla-Jarve, Johvi, Sillamae, Ahtme, Sompa, Kukruse, Kivioli, Kohtla-Nomme, and Viivikonna was caused by Soviet Union’s need for mineral resources...

  • towards a prosperous future through cold war planning stalinist urban design in the Industrial Towns of sillamae and kohtla jarve estonia
    2020
    Co-Authors: Siim Sultson
    Abstract:

    This chapter focusses on East-Estonian Industrial Towns Sillamae and Kohtla-Jarve concerning deployment of Soviet urban space design within the period of mid-1940s and mid-1950s. The new Industrial Towns as examples of Stalinist utopia were built in East-Estonia in order to exploit local mineral resources by the occupying Soviet regime. Representative urban design of those Towns formulated a paradigm that was unfamiliar to local urban space tradition. Sillamae and Kohtla-Jarve were designed under the guidance of Lengiproshacht and Lengorstroyproyekt residing in Leningrad (St. Petersburg). In the 1950s, both Towns with the population of 10,000 got city-like centres that indicated intensions to develop them into big Industrial centres. Sillamae and Kohtla-Jarve were designed to be model Soviet Industrial Towns in order to demonstrate a way to a prosperous future. Unlike the rest of Estonian Towns, inhabitants of Sillamae and Kohtla-Jarve were deported from the large Soviet Union. Kohtla-Jarve consists of six satellite Towns (Jarve, Ahtme, Kukruse, Sompa, Oru, Viivikonna, Sirgala) that were regarded as oil-shale mining and processing complex in order to produce energy in large thermal power plants. Sillamae was a classified town due to processing of uranium oxides for the Soviet nuclear industry and army. Though both Stalinist Industrial Towns are still considered unfamiliar, as from parallel dimension, they have got perspective and functional plans. The essay reflects on possibilities to integrate partially abandoned and mostly Russian-speaking Sillamae and Kohtla-Jarve into the entire state.

  • replacement of urban space estonian post war town planning principles and local stalinist Industrial Towns
    Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 2016
    Co-Authors: Siim Sultson
    Abstract:

    AbstractThe presented paper focuses on Estonian urban space research concerning both replacement of urban heritage and establishment of new urban design within the period of mid 1940s and 1950s. On the one hand, Stalinist principles brought by Soviet occupation reminded independent Estonian 1930s town planning ambitions. On the other hand, the new principles formulated a new paradigm that was unfamiliar to local urban space tradition. Estonian urban space was compelled to follow the Soviet doctrine by concept, forms and building materials. Sometimes suffering irrational demolitions the Towns got axially arranged representative, but perspective and functional plans. Some existing Towns (for instance Tallinn, Parnu, Narva) got new centres due to war wreckages and the ideological reasons. Meanwhile new Industrial Towns as examples of Stalinist utopia were built in East-Estonia during 1940s–1950s in order to exploit local mineral resources by the Soviet regime. In comparison with Tallinn and Parnu urban space...

  • alteration in the awareness of estonian city space from independence to stalinism
    Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 2016
    Co-Authors: Siim Sultson
    Abstract:

    The presented research focuses on the alteration of Estonian city space awareness within the period of the mid-1940s and 1950s. Soviet occupation changed Estonian city space as the materialisation of ideology. Paradoxically, regardless of the war’s destruction and occupying Soviet regime, Stalinist town planning principles generally matched with Estonian architects´ city visions. Some existing Towns (for instance Tallinn, Parnu, Narva) gained new centres due to the damage from the war and for ideological reasons. Meanwhile, new Industrial Towns, as examples of Stalinist utopia, were built in East-Estonia during 1940s-1950s by the Soviet regime to exploit local mineral resources. While the Tallinn, Parnu, Tartu new Stalinist centres were designed by local architects, the new Industrial Towns represented so-called imperial city space principles elaborated under the guidance of the Leningrad construction departments. Was there any difference between the pre-war independence period city space and the Stalinist period city space? Where lies the alteration of Estonian city space awareness from independence to Stalinism?