The Experts below are selected from a list of 610575 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John S Brownstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Temporal Topic Modeling to Assess Associations between News Trends and Infectious Disease Outbreaks
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Saurav Ghosh, John S Brownstein, Prithwish Chakraborty, Elaine O. Nsoesie, Emily Cohn, Sumiko R. Mekaru, Naren RamakrishnanAbstract:In retrospective assessments, internet news reports have been shown to capture early reports of unknown Infectious Disease transmission prior to official laboratory confirmation. In general, media interest and reporting peaks and wanes during the course of an outbreak. In this study, we quantify the extent to which media interest during Infectious Disease outbreaks is indicative of trends of reported incidence. We introduce an approach that uses supervised temporal topic models to transform large corpora of news articles into temporal topic trends. The key advantages of this approach include: applicability to a wide range of Diseases and ability to capture Disease dynamics, including seasonality, abrupt peaks and troughs. We evaluated the method using data from multiple Infectious Disease outbreaks reported in the United States of America (U.S.), China, and India. We demonstrate that temporal topic trends extracted from Disease-related news reports successfully capture the dynamics of multiple outbreaks such as whooping cough in U.S. (2012), dengue outbreaks in India (2013) and China (2014). Our observations also suggest that, when news coverage is uniform, efficient modeling of temporal topic trends using time-series regression techniques can estimate Disease case counts with increased precision before official reports by health organizations.
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big data opportunities for global Infectious Disease surveillance
PLOS Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Catherine L. Moyes, Dylan B George, Simon I Hay, John S BrownsteinAbstract:Simon Hay and colleagues discuss the potential and challenges of producing continually updated Infectious Disease risk maps using diverse and large volume data sources such as social media.
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Global mapping of Infectious Disease
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 2013Co-Authors: Simon I Hay, Katherine E. Battle, Catherine L. Moyes, Samir Bhatt, Monica F Myers, Nigel Collier, David M Pigott, David L Smith, John S Brownstein, Dylan B GeorgeAbstract:The primary aim of this review was to evaluate the state of knowledge of the geographical distribution of all Infectious Diseases of clinical significance to humans. A systematic review was conducted to enumerate cartographic progress, with respect to the data available for mapping and the methods currently applied. The results helped define the minimum information requirements for mapping Infectious Disease occurrence, and a quantitative framework for assessing the mapping opportunities for all Infectious Diseases. This revealed that of 355 Infectious Diseases identified, 174 (49%) have a strong rationale for mapping and of these only 7 (4%) had been comprehensively mapped. A variety of ambitions, such as the quantification of the global burden of Infectious Disease, international biosurveillance, assessing the likelihood of Infectious Disease outbreaks and exploring the propensity for Infectious Disease evolution and emergence, are limited by these omissions. An overview of the factors hindering progress in Disease cartography is provided. It is argued that rapid improvement in the landscape of Infectious Diseases mapping can be made by embracing non-conventional data sources, automation of geo-positioning and mapping procedures enabled by machine learning and information technology, respectively, in addition to harnessing labour of the volunteer ‘cognitive surplus’ through crowdsourcing.
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global capacity for emerging Infectious Disease detection
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010Co-Authors: Emily H Chan, Timothy F Brewer, Marjorie P Pollack, Amy L Sonricker, Mikaela Keller, Clark C Freifeld, Michael Blench, Abla Mawudeku, Lawrence C Madoff, John S BrownsteinAbstract:The increasing number of emerging Infectious Disease events that have spread internationally, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the 2009 pandemic A/H1N1, highlight the need for improvements in global outbreak surveillance. It is expected that the proliferation of Internet-based reports has resulted in greater communication and improved surveillance and reporting frameworks, especially with the revision of the World Health Organization's (WHO) International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), which went into force in 2007. However, there has been no global quantitative assessment of whether and how outbreak detection and communication processes have actually changed over time. In this study, we analyzed the entire WHO public record of Disease Outbreak News reports from 1996 to 2009 to characterize spatial-temporal trends in the timeliness of outbreak discovery and public communication about the outbreak relative to the estimated outbreak start date. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses show that overall, the timeliness of outbreak discovery improved by 7.3% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.073, 95% CI (1.038; 1.110)] per year, and public communication improved by 6.2% [HR = 1.062, 95% CI (1.028; 1.096)] per year. However, the degree of improvement varied by geographic region; the only WHO region with statistically significant (α = 0.05) improvement in outbreak discovery was the Western Pacific region [HR = 1.102 per year, 95% CI (1.008; 1.205)], whereas the Eastern Mediterranean [HR = 1.201 per year, 95% CI (1.066; 1.353)] and Western Pacific regions [HR = 1.119 per year, 95% CI (1.025; 1.221)] showed improvement in public communication. These findings provide quantitative historical assessment of timeliness in Infectious Disease detection and public reporting of outbreaks.
Leslie A Real - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the landscape genetics of Infectious Disease emergence and spread
Molecular Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Roman Biek, Leslie A RealAbstract:The spread of parasites is inherently a spatial process often embedded in physically complex landscapes. It is therefore not surprising that Infectious Disease researchers are increasingly taking a landscape genetics perspective to elucidate mechanisms underlying basic ecological processes driving Infectious Disease dynamics and to understand the linkage between spatially dependent population processes and the geographic distribution of genetic variation within both hosts and parasites. The increasing availability of genetic information on hosts and parasites when coupled to their ecological interactions can lead to insights for predicting patterns of Disease emergence, spread and control. Here, we review research progress in this area based on four different motivations for the application of landscape genetics approaches: (i) assessing the spatial organization of genetic variation in parasites as a function of environmental variability, (ii) using host population genetic structure as a means to parameterize ecological dynamics that indirectly influence parasite populations, for example, gene flow and movement pathways across heterogeneous landscapes and the concurrent transport of Infectious agents, (iii) elucidating the temporal and spatial scales of Disease processes and (iv) reconstructing and understanding Infectious Disease invasion. Throughout this review, we emphasize that landscape genetic principles are relevant to infection dynamics across a range of scales from within host dynamics to global geographic patterns and that they can also be applied to unconventional ‘landscapes’ such as heterogeneous contact networks underlying the spread of human and livestock Diseases. We conclude by discussing some general considerations and problems for inferring epidemiological processes from genetic data and try to identify possible future directions and applications for this rapidly expanding field.
Victor J Dzau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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assessment of economic vulnerability to Infectious Disease crises
The Lancet, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Sands, Anas El Turabi, Philip A Saynisch, Victor J DzauAbstract:Summary Infectious Disease crises have substantial economic impact. Yet mainstream macroeconomic forecasting rarely takes account of the risk of potential pandemics. This oversight contributes to persistent underestimation of Infectious Disease risk and consequent underinvestment in preparedness and response to Infectious Disease crises. One reason why economists fail to include economic vulnerability to Infectious Disease threats in their assessments is the absence of readily available and digestible input data to inform such analysis. In this Viewpoint we suggest an approach by which the global health community can help to generate such inputs, and a framework to use these inputs to assess the economic vulnerability to Infectious Disease crises of individual countries and regions. We argue that incorporation of these risks in influential macroeconomic analyses such as the reports from the International Monetary Fund's Article IV consultations, rating agencies and risk consultancies would simultaneously improve the quality of economic risk forecasting and reinforce individual government and donor incentives to mitigate Infectious Disease risks.
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the neglected dimension of global security a framework for countering Infectious Disease crises
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2016Co-Authors: Peter Sands, Carmen Mundacashah, Victor J DzauAbstract:The Ebola epidemic demonstrated how ill-prepared the global community is for major Infectious Disease crises. Now an international expert group has outlined a framework for preparedness, detection, and response to future Infectious-Disease threats.
Jong Wook Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infectious Disease infection index information system
2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), 2019Co-Authors: Beakcheol Jang, Miran Lee, Myeong Hwi Kim, Hoon Yoo, Hyun Jung Kim, Jong Wook KimAbstract:Various Infectious Disease information systems have been developed to provide Infectious Disease outbreak information through personal devices. However, the existing systems deliver information in the form of e-mail or text file, so it is difficult to understand at a glance. Additionally, users are unable to confirm the risk level because they are only provided with the number of outbreaks. In this paper, we propose a system that provides not only Infectious Disease outbreak but also relevant infection index information. We believe that our system provides effective Infectious Disease outbreak information by showing the user the risk level at a glance.
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PEACOCK: A Map-Based Multitype Infectious Disease Outbreak Information System
IEEE Access, 2019Co-Authors: Beakcheol Jang, Miran Lee, Jong Wook KimAbstract:A map-based Infectious Disease outbreak information system, called PEACOCK, that provides three types of necessary Infectious Disease outbreak information is presented. The system first collects the Infectious Disease outbreak statistics from the government agencies and displays the number of infected people and infection indices on the map. Then, it crawls online news articles for each Infectious Disease and displays the number of mentions of each Disease on the map. Users can also search for news articles regarding the Disease. Finally, it retrieves the portal search query data and plots the graphs of the trends. It divides the risk into three levels (i.e., normal, caution, and danger) and visualizes them using different colors on the map. Users can access Infectious Disease outbreak information accurately and quickly using the system. As the system visualizes the information using both a map and various types of graphs, users can check the information at a glance. This system is in live at http://www.epidemic.co.kr/map.
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DOVE: An Infectious Disease Outbreak Statistics Visualization System
IEEE Access, 2018Co-Authors: Miran Lee, Jong Wook Kim, Beakcheol JangAbstract:Humans are susceptible to various Infectious Diseases. However, humanity still has limited responses to emergent and recurrent Infectious Diseases. Recent developments in medical technology have led to various vaccines being developed, but these vaccines typically require a considerable amount of time to counter Infectious Diseases. Therefore, one of the best methods to prevent Infectious Diseases is to continuously update our knowledge with useful information from Infectious Disease information systems and taking active steps to safeguard ourselves against Infectious Diseases. Some existing Infectious Disease information systems simply present Infectious Disease information in the form of text or transmit it via e-mail. Other systems provide data in the form of files or maps. Most existing systems display text-centric information regarding Infectious Disease outbreaks. Therefore, understanding Infectious Disease outbreak information at a glance is difficult for users. In this paper, we propose the Infectious Disease outbreak statistics visualization system, called to DOVE, which collects Infectious Disease outbreak statistics from the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention and provides statistical charts with district, time, Infectious Disease, gender, and age data. Users can easily identify Infectious Disease outbreak statistics at a glance by simply entering the district, time, and name of an Infectious Disease into our system. Additionally, each statistical chart allows users to recognize the characteristics of an Infectious Disease and predict outbreaks by investigating the outbreak trends of that Disease. We believe that our system provides effective information to help prevent Infectious Disease outbreaks. Our system is currently available on the web at http://www.epidemic.co.kr/statistics.
Beakcheol Jang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Infectious Disease infection index information system
2019 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE), 2019Co-Authors: Beakcheol Jang, Miran Lee, Myeong Hwi Kim, Hoon Yoo, Hyun Jung Kim, Jong Wook KimAbstract:Various Infectious Disease information systems have been developed to provide Infectious Disease outbreak information through personal devices. However, the existing systems deliver information in the form of e-mail or text file, so it is difficult to understand at a glance. Additionally, users are unable to confirm the risk level because they are only provided with the number of outbreaks. In this paper, we propose a system that provides not only Infectious Disease outbreak but also relevant infection index information. We believe that our system provides effective Infectious Disease outbreak information by showing the user the risk level at a glance.
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PEACOCK: A Map-Based Multitype Infectious Disease Outbreak Information System
IEEE Access, 2019Co-Authors: Beakcheol Jang, Miran Lee, Jong Wook KimAbstract:A map-based Infectious Disease outbreak information system, called PEACOCK, that provides three types of necessary Infectious Disease outbreak information is presented. The system first collects the Infectious Disease outbreak statistics from the government agencies and displays the number of infected people and infection indices on the map. Then, it crawls online news articles for each Infectious Disease and displays the number of mentions of each Disease on the map. Users can also search for news articles regarding the Disease. Finally, it retrieves the portal search query data and plots the graphs of the trends. It divides the risk into three levels (i.e., normal, caution, and danger) and visualizes them using different colors on the map. Users can access Infectious Disease outbreak information accurately and quickly using the system. As the system visualizes the information using both a map and various types of graphs, users can check the information at a glance. This system is in live at http://www.epidemic.co.kr/map.
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DOVE: An Infectious Disease Outbreak Statistics Visualization System
IEEE Access, 2018Co-Authors: Miran Lee, Jong Wook Kim, Beakcheol JangAbstract:Humans are susceptible to various Infectious Diseases. However, humanity still has limited responses to emergent and recurrent Infectious Diseases. Recent developments in medical technology have led to various vaccines being developed, but these vaccines typically require a considerable amount of time to counter Infectious Diseases. Therefore, one of the best methods to prevent Infectious Diseases is to continuously update our knowledge with useful information from Infectious Disease information systems and taking active steps to safeguard ourselves against Infectious Diseases. Some existing Infectious Disease information systems simply present Infectious Disease information in the form of text or transmit it via e-mail. Other systems provide data in the form of files or maps. Most existing systems display text-centric information regarding Infectious Disease outbreaks. Therefore, understanding Infectious Disease outbreak information at a glance is difficult for users. In this paper, we propose the Infectious Disease outbreak statistics visualization system, called to DOVE, which collects Infectious Disease outbreak statistics from the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention and provides statistical charts with district, time, Infectious Disease, gender, and age data. Users can easily identify Infectious Disease outbreak statistics at a glance by simply entering the district, time, and name of an Infectious Disease into our system. Additionally, each statistical chart allows users to recognize the characteristics of an Infectious Disease and predict outbreaks by investigating the outbreak trends of that Disease. We believe that our system provides effective information to help prevent Infectious Disease outbreaks. Our system is currently available on the web at http://www.epidemic.co.kr/statistics.
