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Joanne M. Devlin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latency characteristics in specific pathogen free chickens 21 and 35 days after intra tracheal inoculation with vaccine or field strains of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Avian Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Dulari S Thilakarathne, Andres Diazmendez, Jose A Quinteros, Mauricio J C Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Omid Fakhri, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Latency is an important feature of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) yet is poorly understood. This study aimed to compare latency characteristics of vaccine (SA2) and field (CL9) strains o...
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pathogenesis and tissue tropism of natural field recombinants of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Veterinary Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dulari S Thilakarathne, Jose A Quinteros, Mauricio J C Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. Devlin, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, Gregory J Underwood, Andres DiazmendezAbstract:Abstract Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) is an economically significant respiratory pathogen of poultry. Novel recombinant strains of ILTV have emerged in Australia during the last decade and currently class 9 (CL9) and class 10 (CL10) ILTV are the most prevalent circulating strains. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation of the pathogenesis of these two viral strains. Commercial broiler and specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with varying doses of CL9 or CL10 ILTV and subsequently evaluated for clinical and pathological signs of infection. While no difference in the levels of acute viral replication were observed across the different challenge doses, the severity of clinical signs, tracheal pathology and mortality were dose dependent. Both strains of Virus persisted in the respiratory tract for up to 14 days post inoculation (dpi) and could be detected in the lung and feathers with sporadic detection in the liver, spleen or bursa. Given the prevalence of CL9 and CL10 in Australian poultry flocks, this study provides an important foundation for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the detection and prevention of ILTV.
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immune responses to Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2013Co-Authors: Mauricio J C Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesVirus. Despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ILT continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. Innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. This review examines the current understandings in innate and adaptive immune responses towards ILTV, as well as the role of ILTV glycoprotein G in modulating the host immune response towards infection. Protective immunity induced by ILT vaccines is also examined. The increasing availability of tools and reagents for the characterisation of avian innate and cell-mediated immune responses are expected to further our understanding of immunity against ILTV and drive the development of new generation vaccines towards enhanced control of this disease.
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first complete genome sequence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
BMC Genomics, 2011Co-Authors: Philip F Markham, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, John F Markham, Ivonne Petermann, Nino Ficorilli, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) is an alphaherpesVirus that causes acute respiratory disease in chickens worldwide. To date, only one complete genomic sequence of ILTV has been reported. This sequence was generated by concatenating partial sequences from six different ILTV strains. Thus, the full genomic sequence of a single (individual) strain of ILTV has not been determined previously. This study aimed to use high throughput sequencing technology to determine the complete genomic sequence of a live attenuated vaccine strain of ILTV. The complete genomic sequence of the Serva vaccine strain of ILTV was determined, annotated and compared to the concatenated ILTV reference sequence. The genome size of the Serva strain was 152,628 bp, with a G + C content of 48%. A total of 80 predicted open reading frames were identified. The Serva strain had 96.5% DNA sequence identity with the concatenated ILTV sequence. Notably, the concatenated ILTV sequence was found to lack four large regions of sequence, including 528 bp and 594 bp of sequence in the UL29 and UL36 genes, respectively, and two copies of a 1,563 bp sequence in the repeat regions. Considerable differences in the size of the predicted translation products of 4 other genes (UL54, UL30, UL37 and UL38) were also identified. More than 530 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Most SNPs were located within three genomic regions, corresponding to sequence from the SA-2 ILTV vaccine strain in the concatenated ILTV sequence. This is the first complete genomic sequence of an individual ILTV strain. This sequence will facilitate future comparative genomic studies of ILTV by providing an appropriate reference sequence for the sequence analysis of other ILTV strains.
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First complete genome sequence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
BMC Genomics, 2011Co-Authors: Philip F Markham, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, John F Markham, Ivonne Petermann, Nino Ficorilli, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Background Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) is an alphaherpesVirus that causes acute respiratory disease in chickens worldwide. To date, only one complete genomic sequence of ILTV has been reported. This sequence was generated by concatenating partial sequences from six different ILTV strains. Thus, the full genomic sequence of a single (individual) strain of ILTV has not been determined previously. This study aimed to use high throughput sequencing technology to determine the complete genomic sequence of a live attenuated vaccine strain of ILTV. Results The complete genomic sequence of the Serva vaccine strain of ILTV was determined, annotated and compared to the concatenated ILTV reference sequence. The genome size of the Serva strain was 152,628 bp, with a G + C content of 48%. A total of 80 predicted open reading frames were identified. The Serva strain had 96.5% DNA sequence identity with the concatenated ILTV sequence. Notably, the concatenated ILTV sequence was found to lack four large regions of sequence, including 528 bp and 594 bp of sequence in the UL29 and UL36 genes, respectively, and two copies of a 1,563 bp sequence in the repeat regions. Considerable differences in the size of the predicted translation products of 4 other genes (UL54, UL30, UL37 and UL38) were also identified. More than 530 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Most SNPs were located within three genomic regions, corresponding to sequence from the SA-2 ILTV vaccine strain in the concatenated ILTV sequence. Conclusions This is the first complete genomic sequence of an individual ILTV strain. This sequence will facilitate future comparative genomic studies of ILTV by providing an appropriate reference sequence for the sequence analysis of other ILTV strains.
James R. Gilkerson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impairment of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus replication by deletion of the UL[-1] gene
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: M. Nadimpalli, James R. Gilkerson, J. M. Devlin, C. A. HartleyAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) encodes several unique genes, including a pair of unique nuclear proteins UL0 and UL[-1] that are expressed during replication in cell culture. Although the UL0 gene has been shown to be dispensable for replication, the role of UL[-1] has not been elucidated. In this study a deletion mutant of ILTV lacking the UL[-1] gene was constructed using homologous recombination. The coding sequences of the gene were replaced with the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein and the cytomegaloVirus major immediate early promoter element. The progeny Virus carrying the reporter gene was readily identified using fluorescent microscopy, but was unable to propagate in the permissive cells in the absence of wild type ILTV. Even after plaque purification and fluorescent associated cell sorting the recombinant Virus deficient in UL[-1] gene could not be successfully isolated. Our findings suggest that the UL[-1] gene has an important role in ILTV replication.
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Impairment of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus replication by deletion of the UL[-1] gene
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: M. Nadimpalli, James R. Gilkerson, J. M. Devlin, S. W. Lee, C. A. HartleyAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) encodes several unique genes, including a pair of unique nuclear proteins UL0 and UL[-1] that are expressed during replication in cell culture. Although the UL0 gene has been shown to be dispensable for replication, the role of UL[-1] has not been elucidated. In this study a deletion mutant of ILTV lacking the UL[-1] gene was constructed using homologous recombination. The coding sequences of the gene were replaced with the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein and the cytomegaloVirus major immediate early promoter element. The progeny Virus carrying the reporter gene was readily identified using fluorescent microscopy, but was unable to propagate in the permissive cells in the absence of wild type ILTV. Even after plaque purification and fluorescent associated cell sorting the recombinant Virus deficient in UL[-1] gene could not be successfully isolated. Our findings suggest that the UL[-1] gene has an important role in ILTV replication.
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evaluation of immunological responses to a glycoprotein g deficient candidate vaccine strain of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Vaccine, 2010Co-Authors: Joanne M. Devlin, James R. Gilkerson, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, Abel Viejoborbolla, Antonio Alcami, Carol A. HartleyAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesVirus, causes severe respiratory disease in poultry. Glycoprotein G (gG) is a virulence factor in ILTV. Recent studies have shown that gG-deficient ILTV is an effective attenuated vaccine however the function of ILTV gG is unknown. This study examined the function and in vivo relevance of ILTV gG. The results showed that ILTV gG binds to chemokines with high affinity and inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis. Specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens infected with gG-deficient Virus had altered tracheal leukocyte populations and lower serum antibody levels compared with those infected with the parent Virus. The findings suggest that the absence of chemokine-binding activity during infection with gG-deficient ILTV results in altered host immune responses.
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glycoprotein g deficient Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus is a candidate attenuated vaccine
Vaccine, 2007Co-Authors: Joanne M. Devlin, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F Browning, James R. GilkersonAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesVirus, causes respiratory disease in chickens and is currently controlled by vaccination with conventionally attenuated Virus strains. These vaccines have limitations because of residual pathogenicity and reversion to virulence, suggesting that a novel vaccine strain that lacks virulence gene(s) may enhance disease control. Glycoprotein G (gG) has recently been identified as a virulence factor in ILTV. In this study the immunogenicity and relative pathogenicity of gG deficient ILTV was investigated in SPF chickens. Birds vaccinated with gG deficient ILTV were protected against clinical signs of disease following challenge with virulent ILTV and gG deficient ILTV was also shown to be less pathogenic than currently available commercial vaccine strains. Thus gG deficient ILTV appears to have potential as a vaccine candidate.
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Glycoprotein G is a virulence factor in Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus.
Journal of General Virology, 2006Co-Authors: Joanne M. Devlin, Alireza Mahmoudian, Naomi C Kirkpatrick, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, James R. GilkersonAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV; Gallid herpesVirus 1) is an alphaherpesVirus that causes acute respiratory disease in chickens. The role of glycoprotein G (gG) in vitro has been investigated in a number of alphaherpesViruses, but the relevance of gG in vivo in the pathogenicity of ILTV or in other alphaherpesViruses is unknown. In this study, gG-deficient mutants of ILTV were generated and inoculated into specific-pathogen-free chickens to assess the role of gG in pathogenicity. In chickens, gG-deficient ILTV reached a similar titre to wild-type (wt) ILTV but was significantly attenuated with respect to induction of clinical signs, effect on weight gain and bird mortality. In addition, an increased tracheal mucosal thickness, reflecting increased inflammatory cell infiltration at the site of infection, was detected in birds inoculated with gG-deficient ILTV compared with birds inoculated with wt ILTV. The reinsertion of gG into gG-deficient ILTV restored the in vivo phenotype of the mutant to that of wt ILTV. Quantitative PCR analysis of the expression of the genes adjacent to gG demonstrated that they were not affected by the deletion of gG and investigations in vitro confirmed that the phenotype of gG-deficient ILTV was consistent with unaltered expression of these adjacent genes. This is the first reported study to demonstrate definitively that gG is a virulence factor in ILTV and that deletion of gG from this alphaherpesVirus genome causes marked attenuation of the Virus in its natural host.
C. A. Hartley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impairment of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus replication by deletion of the UL[-1] gene
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: M. Nadimpalli, James R. Gilkerson, J. M. Devlin, C. A. HartleyAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) encodes several unique genes, including a pair of unique nuclear proteins UL0 and UL[-1] that are expressed during replication in cell culture. Although the UL0 gene has been shown to be dispensable for replication, the role of UL[-1] has not been elucidated. In this study a deletion mutant of ILTV lacking the UL[-1] gene was constructed using homologous recombination. The coding sequences of the gene were replaced with the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein and the cytomegaloVirus major immediate early promoter element. The progeny Virus carrying the reporter gene was readily identified using fluorescent microscopy, but was unable to propagate in the permissive cells in the absence of wild type ILTV. Even after plaque purification and fluorescent associated cell sorting the recombinant Virus deficient in UL[-1] gene could not be successfully isolated. Our findings suggest that the UL[-1] gene has an important role in ILTV replication.
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Impairment of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus replication by deletion of the UL[-1] gene
Archives of Virology, 2017Co-Authors: M. Nadimpalli, James R. Gilkerson, J. M. Devlin, S. W. Lee, C. A. HartleyAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) encodes several unique genes, including a pair of unique nuclear proteins UL0 and UL[-1] that are expressed during replication in cell culture. Although the UL0 gene has been shown to be dispensable for replication, the role of UL[-1] has not been elucidated. In this study a deletion mutant of ILTV lacking the UL[-1] gene was constructed using homologous recombination. The coding sequences of the gene were replaced with the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein and the cytomegaloVirus major immediate early promoter element. The progeny Virus carrying the reporter gene was readily identified using fluorescent microscopy, but was unable to propagate in the permissive cells in the absence of wild type ILTV. Even after plaque purification and fluorescent associated cell sorting the recombinant Virus deficient in UL[-1] gene could not be successfully isolated. Our findings suggest that the UL[-1] gene has an important role in ILTV replication.
C. T. Prideaux - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Comparison of the Genomic Short Regions of a Vaccine Strain (SA-2) and a Virulent Strain (CSW-1) of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (Gallid HerpesVirus 1)
Avian Diseases, 1996Co-Authors: Halina Trist, Scott G. Tyack, C. T. Prideaux, Michael A. Johnson, Michael SheppardAbstract:SUMMARY. Restriction enzyme linkage maps were produced for the genomic short region of the virulent Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (CSW-1 strain). After comparison with the equivalent restriction enzyme linkage maps for the Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus SA-2 strain (a vaccine strain), it was determined that the maps for the short regions of the two strains were identical, apart from a single section in each of the inverted terminal repeats. Each inverted terminal repeat of the SA-2 strain was discovered to contain 467 base pairs more DNA than the CSW-1 strain's inverted terminal repeats. This extra DNA was more precisely mapped entirely within the EcoRI fragments D and d of SA-2, which were found to form part of the SmaI fragments U and P of SA-2 and Q and b of SA-2 and to contain one SmaI restriction enzyme site.
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nucleotide sequence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus gallid herpesVirus 1 icp4 gene
Virus Research, 1995Co-Authors: Michael A. Johnson, Scott G. Tyack, C. T. Prideaux, Kritaya Kongsuwan, Michael SheppardAbstract:Abstract The Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) gene encoding a homologue to the ICP4 protein of herpes simplex Virus (HSV) has been mapped to the inverted repeat region. The complete nucleotide sequence of ILTV ICP4 has been determined. The ILTV ORF encoding ICP4 is 4386 nucleotides long, calculated from the first of four ATG codons, and has an overall G + C content of 59%. The ILTV ICP4 contains two domains of high homology which have been reported in other studies to be conserved in the ICP4 homologues of alphaherpesViruses, and to be functionally important. Several regulatory features were identified including a serine-rich domain in region one. A more extensive serine-rich domain was located in region five which is also found in varicella-zoster Virus (VZV) and bovine herpesVirus 1. A 5.4 kb immediate early transcript was identified in infected primary kidney cells.
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Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus growth, DNA replication, and protein synthesis
Archives of Virology, 1992Co-Authors: C. T. Prideaux, M Sheppard, Kritaya Kongsuwan, M A Johnson, K.j. FaheyAbstract:The polypeptides associated with infection of primary chicken kidney (CK) cells with Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) were examined by metabolic labelling with [^35S]methionine and SDS-PAGE. Polypeptide synthesis was followed over the first 24 h post-infection (p.i.) as this was shown to be the period of viable Virus production. A total of 16 ILTV encoded or induced polypeptides were identified using metabolic labelling. The use of inhibitors of protein and DNA synthesis in conjunction with metabolic labelling and viral DNA replication studies enabled a cascade pattern of gene expression, similar to that of herpes simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1), to be established for ILTV. Representatives of alpha, beta, gamma 1 and gamma 2 classes of genes were identified. In contrast to infection with HSV types 1 and 2, which leads to a rapid inhibition of total host cell polypeptide synthesis, ILTV infection of CK cells did not result in a complete inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, with only a small number of host cell polypeptides absent from infected cells.
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Gallid herpesVirus 1 (Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus): cloning and physical maps of the SA-2 strain
Archives of Virology, 1991Co-Authors: M A Johnson, C. T. Prideaux, M Sheppard, Kritaya Kongsuwan, K.j. FaheyAbstract:Clones representing 90% of the genome of Gallid herpesVirus 1 (Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus; ILTV) were obtained and used in hybridization experiments to construct Eco RI, Kpn I amd Sma I physical maps. The genome was 155 kilobase pairs (kbp) and comprised of a long unique sequence (120 kbp) and a short unique sequence (17 kbp) bounded by repeat sequences each of 9 kbp. An unrelated second pair of repeat sequences was located at 0.67 and 0.88 map untis. A terminal repeat of the unique long region (U_L) was also detected, but no isomerization of U_L was detected.
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Gallid herpesVirus 1 (Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus): cloning and physical maps of the SA-2 strain
Archives of Virology, 1991Co-Authors: M A Johnson, C. T. Prideaux, M Sheppard, Kritaya Kongsuwan, K.j. FaheyAbstract:Clones representing 90% of the genome of Gallid herpesVirus 1 (Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus; ILTV) were obtained and used in hybridization experiments to construct Eco RI, Kpn I amd Sma I physical maps. The genome was 155 kilobase pairs (kbp) and comprised of a long unique sequence (120 kbp) and a short unique sequence (17 kbp) bounded by repeat sequences each of 9 kbp. An unrelated second pair of repeat sequences was located at 0.67 and 0.88 map untis. A terminal repeat of the unique long region (U_L) was also detected, but no isomerization of U_L was detected.
Carol A. Hartley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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latency characteristics in specific pathogen free chickens 21 and 35 days after intra tracheal inoculation with vaccine or field strains of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Avian Pathology, 2020Co-Authors: Dulari S Thilakarathne, Andres Diazmendez, Jose A Quinteros, Mauricio J C Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Omid Fakhri, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Latency is an important feature of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) yet is poorly understood. This study aimed to compare latency characteristics of vaccine (SA2) and field (CL9) strains o...
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pathogenesis and tissue tropism of natural field recombinants of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Veterinary Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Dulari S Thilakarathne, Jose A Quinteros, Mauricio J C Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. Devlin, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, Gregory J Underwood, Andres DiazmendezAbstract:Abstract Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) is an economically significant respiratory pathogen of poultry. Novel recombinant strains of ILTV have emerged in Australia during the last decade and currently class 9 (CL9) and class 10 (CL10) ILTV are the most prevalent circulating strains. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation of the pathogenesis of these two viral strains. Commercial broiler and specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were inoculated with varying doses of CL9 or CL10 ILTV and subsequently evaluated for clinical and pathological signs of infection. While no difference in the levels of acute viral replication were observed across the different challenge doses, the severity of clinical signs, tracheal pathology and mortality were dose dependent. Both strains of Virus persisted in the respiratory tract for up to 14 days post inoculation (dpi) and could be detected in the lung and feathers with sporadic detection in the liver, spleen or bursa. Given the prevalence of CL9 and CL10 in Australian poultry flocks, this study provides an important foundation for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the detection and prevention of ILTV.
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immune responses to Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2013Co-Authors: Mauricio J C Coppo, Carol A. Hartley, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an upper respiratory tract disease in chickens caused by Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV), an alphaherpesVirus. Despite the extensive use of attenuated, and more recently recombinant, vaccines for the control of this disease, ILT continues to affect the intensive poultry industries worldwide. Innate and cell-mediated, rather than humoral immune responses, have been identified as responsible for protection against disease. This review examines the current understandings in innate and adaptive immune responses towards ILTV, as well as the role of ILTV glycoprotein G in modulating the host immune response towards infection. Protective immunity induced by ILT vaccines is also examined. The increasing availability of tools and reagents for the characterisation of avian innate and cell-mediated immune responses are expected to further our understanding of immunity against ILTV and drive the development of new generation vaccines towards enhanced control of this disease.
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first complete genome sequence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
BMC Genomics, 2011Co-Authors: Philip F Markham, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, John F Markham, Ivonne Petermann, Nino Ficorilli, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) is an alphaherpesVirus that causes acute respiratory disease in chickens worldwide. To date, only one complete genomic sequence of ILTV has been reported. This sequence was generated by concatenating partial sequences from six different ILTV strains. Thus, the full genomic sequence of a single (individual) strain of ILTV has not been determined previously. This study aimed to use high throughput sequencing technology to determine the complete genomic sequence of a live attenuated vaccine strain of ILTV. The complete genomic sequence of the Serva vaccine strain of ILTV was determined, annotated and compared to the concatenated ILTV reference sequence. The genome size of the Serva strain was 152,628 bp, with a G + C content of 48%. A total of 80 predicted open reading frames were identified. The Serva strain had 96.5% DNA sequence identity with the concatenated ILTV sequence. Notably, the concatenated ILTV sequence was found to lack four large regions of sequence, including 528 bp and 594 bp of sequence in the UL29 and UL36 genes, respectively, and two copies of a 1,563 bp sequence in the repeat regions. Considerable differences in the size of the predicted translation products of 4 other genes (UL54, UL30, UL37 and UL38) were also identified. More than 530 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Most SNPs were located within three genomic regions, corresponding to sequence from the SA-2 ILTV vaccine strain in the concatenated ILTV sequence. This is the first complete genomic sequence of an individual ILTV strain. This sequence will facilitate future comparative genomic studies of ILTV by providing an appropriate reference sequence for the sequence analysis of other ILTV strains.
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First complete genome sequence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus
BMC Genomics, 2011Co-Authors: Philip F Markham, Carol A. Hartley, Glenn F Browning, Amir H. Noormohammadi, John F Markham, Ivonne Petermann, Nino Ficorilli, Joanne M. DevlinAbstract:Background Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) is an alphaherpesVirus that causes acute respiratory disease in chickens worldwide. To date, only one complete genomic sequence of ILTV has been reported. This sequence was generated by concatenating partial sequences from six different ILTV strains. Thus, the full genomic sequence of a single (individual) strain of ILTV has not been determined previously. This study aimed to use high throughput sequencing technology to determine the complete genomic sequence of a live attenuated vaccine strain of ILTV. Results The complete genomic sequence of the Serva vaccine strain of ILTV was determined, annotated and compared to the concatenated ILTV reference sequence. The genome size of the Serva strain was 152,628 bp, with a G + C content of 48%. A total of 80 predicted open reading frames were identified. The Serva strain had 96.5% DNA sequence identity with the concatenated ILTV sequence. Notably, the concatenated ILTV sequence was found to lack four large regions of sequence, including 528 bp and 594 bp of sequence in the UL29 and UL36 genes, respectively, and two copies of a 1,563 bp sequence in the repeat regions. Considerable differences in the size of the predicted translation products of 4 other genes (UL54, UL30, UL37 and UL38) were also identified. More than 530 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Most SNPs were located within three genomic regions, corresponding to sequence from the SA-2 ILTV vaccine strain in the concatenated ILTV sequence. Conclusions This is the first complete genomic sequence of an individual ILTV strain. This sequence will facilitate future comparative genomic studies of ILTV by providing an appropriate reference sequence for the sequence analysis of other ILTV strains.