The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lily Natalia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Development of ELISA technique for detecting Clostridium novyi alpha toxin
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner, 1997Co-Authors: Lily NataliaAbstract:the investigation of Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis . Modification of the indirect ELISA technique in the system used is an inhibition ELISA for antigen . The test samples were liver fluid from dead animals suspected from Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis. To analyse for alpha toxin, microtiter plates were coated with antigen or alpha toxin . The liver fluid sample thought to contain antigen or toxin was then mixed together with reference antiserum containing specific alpha antitoxin of Cl. novyi. Enzyme labelled antiglobulin was then added, followed by enzyme substrate . The difference in colour change between a reference sample containing no antigen or toxin and the test sample solution indicates the amount of antigen or toxin in the test samples . This is a competitive assay; high toxin concentrations result in less colour at the end of the test . The sandwich ELISA technique was sensitive enough to detect as little as 390 ng/ml toxin in liver fluid sample. These results indicate that the ELISA technique is useful for detecting alpha toxin of Cl. novyi and for diagnosing Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis . Keywords: ELISA technique, Clostridium novyi alpha toxin, Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis
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Development of ELISA technique for detecting Clostridium novyi alpha toxin
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, 1997Co-Authors: Lily NataliaAbstract:the investigation of Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis . Modification of the indirect ELISA technique in the system used is an inhibition ELISA for antigen . The test samples were liver fluid from dead animals suspected from Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis. To analyse for alpha toxin, microtiter plates were coated with antigen or alpha toxin . The liver fluid sample thought to contain antigen or toxin was then mixed together with reference antiserum containing specific alpha antitoxin of Cl. novyi. Enzyme labelled antiglobulin was then added, followed by enzyme substrate . The difference in colour change between a reference sample containing no antigen or toxin and the test sample solution indicates the amount of antigen or toxin in the test samples . This is a competitive assay; high toxin concentrations result in less colour at the end of the test . The sandwich ELISA technique was sensitive enough to detect as little as 390 ng/ml toxin in liver fluid sample. These results indicate that the ELISA technique is useful for detecting alpha toxin of Cl. novyi and for diagnosing Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis
Francisco A. Uzal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pathobiology and diagnosis of clostridial Hepatitis in animals
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2019Co-Authors: Mauricio A. Navarro, Francisco A. UzalAbstract:Clostridia can cause hepatic damage in domestic livestock, and wild and laboratory animals. Clostridium novyi type B causes Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (INH) in sheep and less frequently in other species. Spores of C. novyi type B can be present in soil; after ingestion, they reach the liver via portal circulation where they persist in phagocytic cells. Following liver damage, frequently caused by migrating parasites, local anaerobic conditions allow germination of the clostridial spores and production of toxins. C. novyi type B alpha toxin causes necrotizing Hepatitis and extensive edema, congestion, and hemorrhage in multiple organs. Clostridium haemolyticum causes bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) in cattle, sheep, and rarely, horses. Beta toxin is the main virulence factor of C. haemolyticum, causing hepatic necrosis and hemolysis. Clostridium piliforme, the causal agent of Tyzzer disease (TD), is the only gram-negative and obligate intracellular pathogenic clostridia. TD occurs in multiple species, but it is more frequent in foals, lagomorphs, and laboratory animals. The mode of transmission is fecal-oral, with ingestion of spores from a fecal-contaminated environment. In affected animals, C. piliforme proliferates in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in necrosis, and then disseminates to the liver and other organs. Virulence factors for this microorganism have not been identified, to date. Given the peracute or acute nature of clostridial Hepatitis in animals, treatment is rarely effective. However, INH and BH can be prevented, and should be controlled by vaccination and control of liver flukes. To date, no vaccine is available to prevent TD.
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Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi type B in a horse: case report and review of the literature.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2017Co-Authors: Akinyi C. Nyaoke, Mauricio A. Navarro, Juliann Beingesser, Francisco A. UzalAbstract:A 14-y-old bay Quarter Horse gelding was presented with progressive neurologic signs, elevated rectal temperature, and icterus for 3 d prior to death. Postmortem examination revealed icterus, large amounts of serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, widespread petechiae and ecchymoses in several organs, and a large, pale, and well-demarcated focus of necrosis in the liver. Histologically, there was coagulative necrosis surrounded by a rim of inflammatory cells and large numbers of gram-positive rods, which were identified as Clostridium novyi by immunohistochemistry. Liver samples tested by PCR were positive for C. novyi type B flagellin and alpha toxin genes, but negative for Clostridium haemolyticum and other clostridia. Based on postmortem findings and ancillary tests, a definitive diagnosis of Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (INH) was made. Mostly a disease of ruminants, also known as black disease, INH has rarely been reported in horses, and a definitive etiologic diagnosis has not been achieved previously; the etiology of all cases reported to date was identified as C. novyi but the type was not determined. Animals are predisposed to clostridial Hepatitis when hepatic anaerobiosis is established. Such conditions allow germination and proliferation of bacterial spores, resulting in production and release of toxins. INH, caused by C. novyi type B, and bacillary hemoglobinuria, caused by C. haemolyticum, are mechanistically and pathologically almost indistinguishable. Because these 2 microorganisms are closely related, differentiation requires molecular tools.
A.a. Hamad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First report of Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (black disease) among Nubian goats in Sudan.
Revue d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux, 1991Co-Authors: M.e. Hamid, G. E. Mohamed, M.t. Abu Samra, A.a. HamadAbstract:In a flock of 425 female and male Nubian goats in the Khartoum Province, an outbreak of a disease causing sudden death of 18 apparently healthy goats occurred (11 females and 7 males, 3-6 years old). Adult Fasciola gigantica were found in the livers of all goats and in seven of them Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts. These organs showed Necrotic and severe histopathological changes. Clostridium novyi type B was isolated from Necrotic areas of all livers and found to be highly pathogenic and toxigenic to laboratory animals. The disease was diagnosed as Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (black disease). Faecal examination revealed the presence of F. gigantica eggs. Lymnaea natalensis snails were found to be prevalent in the water canals. As the Khartoum Province is regarded as an endemic area for black disease, routine vaccination is highly recommended for its control in goats and sheep.
Mauricio A. Navarro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pathobiology and diagnosis of clostridial Hepatitis in animals
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2019Co-Authors: Mauricio A. Navarro, Francisco A. UzalAbstract:Clostridia can cause hepatic damage in domestic livestock, and wild and laboratory animals. Clostridium novyi type B causes Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (INH) in sheep and less frequently in other species. Spores of C. novyi type B can be present in soil; after ingestion, they reach the liver via portal circulation where they persist in phagocytic cells. Following liver damage, frequently caused by migrating parasites, local anaerobic conditions allow germination of the clostridial spores and production of toxins. C. novyi type B alpha toxin causes necrotizing Hepatitis and extensive edema, congestion, and hemorrhage in multiple organs. Clostridium haemolyticum causes bacillary hemoglobinuria (BH) in cattle, sheep, and rarely, horses. Beta toxin is the main virulence factor of C. haemolyticum, causing hepatic necrosis and hemolysis. Clostridium piliforme, the causal agent of Tyzzer disease (TD), is the only gram-negative and obligate intracellular pathogenic clostridia. TD occurs in multiple species, but it is more frequent in foals, lagomorphs, and laboratory animals. The mode of transmission is fecal-oral, with ingestion of spores from a fecal-contaminated environment. In affected animals, C. piliforme proliferates in the intestinal mucosa, resulting in necrosis, and then disseminates to the liver and other organs. Virulence factors for this microorganism have not been identified, to date. Given the peracute or acute nature of clostridial Hepatitis in animals, treatment is rarely effective. However, INH and BH can be prevented, and should be controlled by vaccination and control of liver flukes. To date, no vaccine is available to prevent TD.
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Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis caused by Clostridium novyi type B in a horse: case report and review of the literature.
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 2017Co-Authors: Akinyi C. Nyaoke, Mauricio A. Navarro, Juliann Beingesser, Francisco A. UzalAbstract:A 14-y-old bay Quarter Horse gelding was presented with progressive neurologic signs, elevated rectal temperature, and icterus for 3 d prior to death. Postmortem examination revealed icterus, large amounts of serosanguineous fluid in the abdominal cavity, widespread petechiae and ecchymoses in several organs, and a large, pale, and well-demarcated focus of necrosis in the liver. Histologically, there was coagulative necrosis surrounded by a rim of inflammatory cells and large numbers of gram-positive rods, which were identified as Clostridium novyi by immunohistochemistry. Liver samples tested by PCR were positive for C. novyi type B flagellin and alpha toxin genes, but negative for Clostridium haemolyticum and other clostridia. Based on postmortem findings and ancillary tests, a definitive diagnosis of Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (INH) was made. Mostly a disease of ruminants, also known as black disease, INH has rarely been reported in horses, and a definitive etiologic diagnosis has not been achieved previously; the etiology of all cases reported to date was identified as C. novyi but the type was not determined. Animals are predisposed to clostridial Hepatitis when hepatic anaerobiosis is established. Such conditions allow germination and proliferation of bacterial spores, resulting in production and release of toxins. INH, caused by C. novyi type B, and bacillary hemoglobinuria, caused by C. haemolyticum, are mechanistically and pathologically almost indistinguishable. Because these 2 microorganisms are closely related, differentiation requires molecular tools.
M.e. Hamid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First report of Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (black disease) among Nubian goats in Sudan.
Revue d'elevage et de medecine veterinaire des pays tropicaux, 1991Co-Authors: M.e. Hamid, G. E. Mohamed, M.t. Abu Samra, A.a. HamadAbstract:In a flock of 425 female and male Nubian goats in the Khartoum Province, an outbreak of a disease causing sudden death of 18 apparently healthy goats occurred (11 females and 7 males, 3-6 years old). Adult Fasciola gigantica were found in the livers of all goats and in seven of them Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts. These organs showed Necrotic and severe histopathological changes. Clostridium novyi type B was isolated from Necrotic areas of all livers and found to be highly pathogenic and toxigenic to laboratory animals. The disease was diagnosed as Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis (black disease). Faecal examination revealed the presence of F. gigantica eggs. Lymnaea natalensis snails were found to be prevalent in the water canals. As the Khartoum Province is regarded as an endemic area for black disease, routine vaccination is highly recommended for its control in goats and sheep.