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M C Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • synapses from medial olivocochlear branches in the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus
    The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Thane E Benson, M C Brown
    Abstract:

    Olivocochlear neurons are auditory efferent neurons that convey information from the brainstem to the auditory periphery. With light and electron microscopy, using mice, we studied the central branches of medial olivocochlear neurons that are given off to the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus. At the level of the electron microscope, the branches form synapses. The synapses are asymmetric with round vesicles, suggesting that they are excitatory. The synapses are formed mainly onto neuronal dendrites. These dendrites have a large range of diameters, and they may emanate from several types of target neurons. These results indicate that the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus is an integrating center for Vestibular, auditory, and other types of information, but the results do not fit with current theories about the function of the olivocochlear system. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  • fiber pathways and branching patterns of biocytin labeled olivocochlear neurons in the mouse brainstem
    The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1993
    Co-Authors: M C Brown
    Abstract:

    Olivocochlear neurons have somata in the superior olivary complex in the brainstem and project fibers to the cochlea. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the fiber pathways and branching patterns of olivocochlear fibers within the brainstem. Olivocochlear fibers were labeled by extracellular injections of biocytin into the cochlea of mice. The injections labeled two populations of olivocochlear fibers. Thin olivocochlear fibers arose from small somata of the lateral olivocochlear group located ipsilaterally in the lateral superior olive. Thick olivocochlear fibers arose from larger somata of the medial olivocochlear group located bilaterally in the periolivary nuclei. The lateral olivocochlear and medial olivocochlear fibers had similar courses but differed in their branching patterns. Branches from lateral olivocochlear fibers terminated near their somata of origin in the lateral superior olive or in the lateral Vestibular Nucleus. Branches from medial olivocochlear fibers terminated in the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus or in the cochlear nuclear complex. A few branches from medial olivocochlear fibers projected to the contralateral side. Although they project primarily to the cochlea, olivocochlear neurons also give off branches to a variety of nuclei in the brainstem, thus involving auditory and non-auditory nuclei in the olivocochlear reflex system. © 1993 Wiley-Liss,Inc.

Carey D Balaban - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Locations of Fos-labeled neurons in two animals exhibiting strong symptoms of motion sickness (response type 1) during galvanic Vestibular stimulation.
    2014
    Co-Authors: Carey D Balaban, Sarah W. Ogburn, Susan G. Warshafsky, Abdul Ahmed, Bill J. Yates
    Abstract:

    Neuronal locations were plotted on photomontages of sections taken using a 4X objective. Sections (A, E) are from animal C52, whereas (B–D) are from animal C39. The sections were located at the following approximate distances posterior to stereotaxic zero, in accordance with Berman’s atlas [85]: A, 13.5 mm; B, 10 mm; C, 9 mm; D, 7 mm; E, 3 mm. Abbreviations: BC, brachium conjunctivum; CN, cochlear nuclei; DMV, dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus; DRNL, lateral division of dorsal raphe Nucleus; DRNM, medial division of dorsal raphe Nucleus; EC, external cuneate Nucleus; G, genu of facial nerve; IO, Inferior olivary Nucleus; LRN, lateral reticular Nucleus; PBN, parabrachial Nucleus; PH, prepositus hypoglossi; RB, restiform body; RM, raphe magnus; RO, raphe obscurus; RP, raphe pallidus; SNV, spinal trigeminal Nucleus; STN, subtrigeminal Nucleus; STV, spinal trigeminal tract; VI, abducens Nucleus; VII, facial Nucleus; VIN, Inferior Vestibular Nucleus; VLD, dorsal division of lateral Vestibular Nucleus; VLV, ventral division of lateral Vestibular Nucleus; VMN, medial Vestibular Nucleus; XII, hypoglossal Nucleus.

  • projections from the parabrachial Nucleus to the Vestibular nuclei potential substrates for autonomic and limbic influences on Vestibular responses
    Brain Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: Carey D Balaban
    Abstract:

    Previous anatomical studies in rabbits and rats have shown that the superior Vestibular Nucleus (SVN), medial Vestibular Nucleus (MVN) and Inferior Vestibular Nucleus (IVN) project to the parabrachial Nucleus (PBN) and Kolliker-Fuse (KF) Nucleus. Adult male albino rabbits and Long-Evans rats received iontophoretic injections of biotinylated dextran amine, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin, Fluoro-Gold or tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine into either the Vestibular nuclei or the PBN and KF nuclei. The results were similar in both rats and rabbits. Injections of retrograde tracers into the Vestibular nuclei produced retrogradely labeled neurons bilaterally in caudal third of the medial, external medial, and external lateral PBN in both species, with more variable labeling in KF. Rats also had consistent bilateral (predominantly contralateral) labeling in the ventrolateral PBN. The most prominent labeling was produced from injections that included the SVN, with fewer labeled neurons observed from injections in the caudal MVN and the IVN. Anterograde transport of BDA from injections into the PBN and KF nuclei of rabbits revealed prominent projections to the SVN, dorsal aspect of the rostral MVN, caudal MVN, pars beta of the LVN and IVN. These connections appear to contain a component that is reciprocal to the vestibulo-parabrachial pathway and a non-reciprocal component to regions connected with the vestibulocerebellum and vestibulo-motor reflex pathways. These connections support the concept that a synthesis of autonomic, Vestibular and limbic information is an integral property of pathways related to balance control in both the brain stem and forebrain. It is suggested that these projections may contribute broadly to both performance tradeoffs in Vestibular-related pathways during variations in the behavioral context and affective state and the close association between anxiety and balance function.

  • connections between the Vestibular nuclei and brain stem regions that mediate autonomic function in the rat
    Journal of Vestibular Research-equilibrium & Orientation, 1997
    Co-Authors: Jennifer D Porter, Carey D Balaban
    Abstract:

    Clinical observations have long indicated a Vestibular influence on autonomic function. Neuroanatomical studies in the rabbit and in the cat have identified descending vestibulo-autonomic pathways from the caudal portion of the medial Vestibular Nucleus and the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus to the dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve, the Nucleus of the solitary tract, and some brain stem medullary sympathetic regions. This study describes vestibulo-autonomic pathways in rats. One group of Long-Evans rats received injections of tetramethylrhodamine dextran into the caudal aspect of the Vestibular nuclear complex. Anterogradely labeled descending fibers were traced bilaterally to lateral, ventrolateral, and intermediate subnuclei of the Nucleus of the solitary tract and the dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve. A small number of axons also projected bilaterally to the Nucleus ambiguus, the ventrolateral medulla, and the Nucleus raphe magnus. Finally, anterogradely labeled ascending fibers were traced from the caudal medial Vestibular Nucleus and the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus to the medial, lateral, ventrolateral, and Kolliker-Fuse regions of parabrachial Nucleus. A second group of rats received iontophoretic injections of Fluoro-gold into the Nucleus of the solitary tract to identify the cells of origin of the vestibulo-solitary projection. Similar to findings in the rabbit (Balaban and Beryozkin, 1994), retrogradely labeled cells were observed in the caudal medial Vestibular Nucleus and the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a common pattern of Vestibular nuclear projections to autonomic regions is shared by rabbits, cats, and rats.

Dennis A Nowak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • correlation of anatomy and function in medulla oblongata infarction
    European Journal of Neurology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Carsten Eggers, W Mollerhartmann, Gereon R Fink, Dennis A Nowak
    Abstract:

    Background:  A presentation of all aspects of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata syndrome is clinically very rare to find. In most cases patients present with fragmentary symptoms, e.g. ipsilateral axial lateropulsion, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia or hemiataxia. However, the clinical presentation and lesion anatomy at the level of the medulla oblongata is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to correlate the functional deficit with structural MRI-data. Methods:  We included thirteen patients (eight male, five female, mean age 65.5) with medulla oblongata infarction with clinically predominant ipsilateral axial lateropulsion and correlated clinical with structural deficits. Results:  Magnetic resonance imaging lesion mapping demonstrated ipsilateral axial lateropulsion to result from lesions of the spinocerebellar tract, the Inferior cerebellar peduncle or the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus. Nystagmus was associated with lesions of the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus, dissociated sensory loss with the spinothalamic tract and hemiataxia with the spinocerebellar tract. Conclusions:  Correlating dysfunction and lesion anatomy is a promising approach to enhance our knowledge on medulla oblongata topography.

Thane E Benson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • synapses from medial olivocochlear branches in the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus
    The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1996
    Co-Authors: Thane E Benson, M C Brown
    Abstract:

    Olivocochlear neurons are auditory efferent neurons that convey information from the brainstem to the auditory periphery. With light and electron microscopy, using mice, we studied the central branches of medial olivocochlear neurons that are given off to the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus. At the level of the electron microscope, the branches form synapses. The synapses are asymmetric with round vesicles, suggesting that they are excitatory. The synapses are formed mainly onto neuronal dendrites. These dendrites have a large range of diameters, and they may emanate from several types of target neurons. These results indicate that the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus is an integrating center for Vestibular, auditory, and other types of information, but the results do not fit with current theories about the function of the olivocochlear system. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Carsten Eggers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • correlation of anatomy and function in medulla oblongata infarction
    European Journal of Neurology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Carsten Eggers, W Mollerhartmann, Gereon R Fink, Dennis A Nowak
    Abstract:

    Background:  A presentation of all aspects of the dorsolateral medulla oblongata syndrome is clinically very rare to find. In most cases patients present with fragmentary symptoms, e.g. ipsilateral axial lateropulsion, nystagmus, dysarthria, dysphagia or hemiataxia. However, the clinical presentation and lesion anatomy at the level of the medulla oblongata is still unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to correlate the functional deficit with structural MRI-data. Methods:  We included thirteen patients (eight male, five female, mean age 65.5) with medulla oblongata infarction with clinically predominant ipsilateral axial lateropulsion and correlated clinical with structural deficits. Results:  Magnetic resonance imaging lesion mapping demonstrated ipsilateral axial lateropulsion to result from lesions of the spinocerebellar tract, the Inferior cerebellar peduncle or the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus. Nystagmus was associated with lesions of the Inferior Vestibular Nucleus, dissociated sensory loss with the spinothalamic tract and hemiataxia with the spinocerebellar tract. Conclusions:  Correlating dysfunction and lesion anatomy is a promising approach to enhance our knowledge on medulla oblongata topography.