The Experts below are selected from a list of 2634 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Clifton R Emery - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
does Informal Social Control deter child abuse a comparative study of koreans and russians
International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research Policy and Practice, 2019Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Tatiana Eremina, Youngji Yoon, Hyerin YangAbstract:Evidence that Informal Social Control by neighbors is negatively associated with child maltreatment is increasing, but extant studies are almost entirely cross-sectional and observational. We developed an experimental protocol for this vignette study to assess the effect of perceived Informal Social Control on self-estimated probability of physical child abuse. Probability proportional to size cluster sampling of neighborhoods was used to obtain an experimental sample of 100 fathers from Seoul and 102 parents from Novosibirsk. In the experimental protocol, participants were told that the Informal Social Control of child maltreatment scale was the most important scale, and that they had hence been given an example of the form “filled out by a neighbor.” Participants were randomly assigned to high or low Social Control by neighbors, provided the questionnaire, and were debriefed afterwards. Random effects regression models found a significant interaction between the treatment and perpetrator status in Seoul. Informal Social Control appears to have the desired deterrent effect on those who have perpetrated abuse. However, consistent with forensic research on those who are incorrectly accused of crime, results for non-perpetrators did not conform to this pattern.
-
Protective family Informal Social Control of intimate partner violence in Beijing.
Psychology of Violence, 2017Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Changhoon Pyun, Wynne W. ChinAbstract:© 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Objective: Despite ample qualitative and anecdotal evidence that Informal Social Control by extended family members is elicited by and has an impact on intimate partner violence (IPV), quantitative research on this topic is largely absent. Likewise, the literature on coercive Control is underdeveloped in East Asia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between Informal Social Control by family members, coercive Control, and husbands' IPV in a Chinese context. Method: Using data from a 3-stage cluster sample of 302 married and partnered Beijing women, we developed a 2-item measure of protective Informal Social Control of IPV by adult family members. Both partial least squares and random effects regression models were used to evaluate hypotheses to guard against methodological artifacts. Results: Protective Informal Social Control of IPV by adult family members was associated with significantly less IPV by the husband. Higher levels of protective Informal Social Control of IPV were associated with a significantly weaker coercive Control-IPV relationship for husbands' IPV severity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the protective/punitive distinction is a vital one for research on IPV. Moreover, findings indicate that highly Controlling relationships are associated with less violence when protective Control is present. Hence, interventions that boost protective Control may help protect women against some of the most injurious, lethal forms of IPV. (PsycINFO Database RecordLink_to_subscribed_fulltex
-
what would your neighbor do an experimental approach to the study of Informal Social Control of intimate partner violence in south korea
Journal of Community Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Hyerin Yang, Carmen Arenas, Andres Arias AstrayAbstract:Although research on bystander intervention and Informal Social Control of intimate partner violence (IPV) is increasingly common, empirical anomalies remain and experimental studies on population samples are rare. This study reports the effects of a new experimental approach to the study of Informal Social Control of IPV by neighbors on a small population sample of 100 married men in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that men randomly assigned to a high-perceived Informal Social Control condition would have lower self-estimated likelihoods of IPV perpetration in response to a vignette. We also hypothesized that the effect of random assignment would be different for that portion of the sample that reported perpetration of family violence (IPV or child abuse). Compared to the nonperpetrating portion of the sample, perpetrators of family violence in the sample randomly assigned to the high perceived Control condition experienced a significant drop in self-estimated likelihood of IPV perpetration.
-
What would your neighbor do? An experimental approach to the study of Informal Social Control of intimate partner violence in South Korea
Journal of Community Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Hyerin Yang, Carmen Arenas, Andres Arias AstrayAbstract:Although research on bystander intervention and Informal Social Control of intimate partner violence (IPV) is increasingly common, empirical anomalies remain and experimental studies on population samples are rare. This study reports the effects of a new experimental approach to the study of Informal Social Control of IPV by neighbors on a small population sample of 100 married men in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that men randomly assigned to a high-perceived Informal Social Control condition would have lower self-estimated likelihoods of IPV perpetration in response to a vignette. We also hypothesized that the effect of random assignment would be different for that portion of the sample that reported perpetration of family violence (IPV or child abuse). Compared to the nonperpetrating portion of the sample, perpetrators of family violence in the sample randomly assigned to the high perceived Control condition experienced a significant drop in self-estimated likelihood of IPV perpetration.
-
Informal Control by family and risk markers for alcohol abuse/dependence in Seoul
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2016Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Hyerin Yang, Ko Ling ChanAbstract:Although previous research documents a reliable relationship between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and alcoholism, relatively little research has examined new theoretical constructs in IPV research that may increase risk for or help buffer women from alcohol abuse/dependence. The purpose of the present study was to examine Informal Social Control of IPV by family members as a protective factor against and coercive Control as a risk factor for alcohol abuse/dependence in a small population sample of married women in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that (a) Informal Social Control by family members would be negatively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence and (b) husband’s coercive Control would be positively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence. We measured alcohol abuse/dependence (CAGE scale), IPV and coercive Control by husbands, and Informal Social Control of IPV (ISC_IPV) by extended family members in a three-stage random cluster sample of 462 married ...
Barbara D Warner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
beyond their absence male intergenerational Social ties and community Informal Social Control
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 2020Co-Authors: Barbara D Warner, Mark T. BergAbstract:Objective:Examine the degree to which adult male Social ties with neighborhood youth, or intergenerational ties, increase the perceived willingness of residents to engage in the Informal Social con...
-
racially homophilous Social ties and Informal Social Control
Criminology, 2015Co-Authors: Barbara D Warner, Kristin Swartz, Shila Rene HawkAbstract:Social disorganization theory argues that racial/ethnic heterogeneity is a key neighborhood characteristic leading to Social disorganization and, consequently, higher levels of crime. Heterogeneity’s effect is argued to be a result of its fragmentation of Social ties along racial/ethnic lines, which creates racially homophilous Social networks with few ties bridging racial/ethnic groups. Most studies of Social ties in Social disorganization models, however, have examined their quantity and left unaddressed the extent to which ties are within or across different racial groups. This study goes beyond previous studies by examining the effects of both racially homophilous and interracial friendship networks on Informal Social Control. Using multilevel models and data from 66 neighborhoods with approximately 2,300 respondents, we found that heterogeneity actually increased the average percentage of residents with interracial friendship networks, but the percentage of residents with interracial networks decreased the likelihood of Informal Social Control. In contrast, the percentage of residents with White racially homophilous networks increased the likelihood of Informal Social Control. Examining the microcontext of individuals’ networks, however, we found residents with interracial ties reported higher likelihoods of Informal Social Control and that this effect was enhanced in neighborhoods with higher percentages of non-White racially homophilous networks.
-
neighborhood factors related to the likelihood of successful Informal Social Control efforts
Journal of Criminal Justice, 2014Co-Authors: Barbara D WarnerAbstract:To expand conceptualizations of Informal Social Control in Social disorganization and collective efficacy theories to include responses to Informal Social Control, and to examine neighborhood level predictors of responses to Informal Social Control.
-
misperceived neighborhood values and Informal Social Control
Justice Quarterly, 2011Co-Authors: Barbara D Warner, Keri B BurchfieldAbstract:Social disorganization theory explains the effects of neighborhood structure and culture on crime and delinquency. Within this perspective, the role of neighborhood Informal Social Control is argued to be an important protective factor against many Social problems. While a growing body of research supports the importance of Informal Social Control, we still have limited understanding of its development. Of the research that does exist in this area, most examines structural processes supporting Informal Social Control, while cultural aspects of communities have only rarely been examined. We further develop this limited body of research by drawing on the prevention literature that focuses on Social norms and their misperceptions. Specifically, this study examines the role of pluralistic ignorance regarding neighborhood values on the likelihood of Informal Social Control. The results are discussed in relation to Social norms theory and their relevance for crime‐prevention strategies.
-
linking Informal Social Control and restorative justice moving Social disorganization theory beyond community policing
Contemporary Justice Review, 2010Co-Authors: Barbara D Warner, Elizabeth Beck, Mary L OhmerAbstract:Much of what is at the heart of Social disorganization theory’s approach to neighborhood crime prevention has been ignored in favor of policies that are more closely associated with deterrence and rational choice theories. Specifically, ideas of Informal Social Control and collective efficacy have often been translated into policies of community surveillance and the reporting of suspicious behaviors to the police. While these policies may make neighborhoods less attractive to offenders because they create higher certainty levels of recognition, and subsequently arrest, Social disorganization theory, at its heart, suggests crime prevention policies of a very different nature: policies that are more closely associated with restorative justice, re‐integrative shaming and peacemaking criminology. These associations are highlighted and provide a conceptual model for a community crime prevention program that is more consistent with the underlying nature of Social disorganization theory.
Shali Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
does Informal Social Control deter child abuse a comparative study of koreans and russians
International Journal on Child Maltreatment: Research Policy and Practice, 2019Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Tatiana Eremina, Youngji Yoon, Hyerin YangAbstract:Evidence that Informal Social Control by neighbors is negatively associated with child maltreatment is increasing, but extant studies are almost entirely cross-sectional and observational. We developed an experimental protocol for this vignette study to assess the effect of perceived Informal Social Control on self-estimated probability of physical child abuse. Probability proportional to size cluster sampling of neighborhoods was used to obtain an experimental sample of 100 fathers from Seoul and 102 parents from Novosibirsk. In the experimental protocol, participants were told that the Informal Social Control of child maltreatment scale was the most important scale, and that they had hence been given an example of the form “filled out by a neighbor.” Participants were randomly assigned to high or low Social Control by neighbors, provided the questionnaire, and were debriefed afterwards. Random effects regression models found a significant interaction between the treatment and perpetrator status in Seoul. Informal Social Control appears to have the desired deterrent effect on those who have perpetrated abuse. However, consistent with forensic research on those who are incorrectly accused of crime, results for non-perpetrators did not conform to this pattern.
-
Protective family Informal Social Control of intimate partner violence in Beijing.
Psychology of Violence, 2017Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Changhoon Pyun, Wynne W. ChinAbstract:© 2016 APA, all rights reserved). Objective: Despite ample qualitative and anecdotal evidence that Informal Social Control by extended family members is elicited by and has an impact on intimate partner violence (IPV), quantitative research on this topic is largely absent. Likewise, the literature on coercive Control is underdeveloped in East Asia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between Informal Social Control by family members, coercive Control, and husbands' IPV in a Chinese context. Method: Using data from a 3-stage cluster sample of 302 married and partnered Beijing women, we developed a 2-item measure of protective Informal Social Control of IPV by adult family members. Both partial least squares and random effects regression models were used to evaluate hypotheses to guard against methodological artifacts. Results: Protective Informal Social Control of IPV by adult family members was associated with significantly less IPV by the husband. Higher levels of protective Informal Social Control of IPV were associated with a significantly weaker coercive Control-IPV relationship for husbands' IPV severity. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the protective/punitive distinction is a vital one for research on IPV. Moreover, findings indicate that highly Controlling relationships are associated with less violence when protective Control is present. Hence, interventions that boost protective Control may help protect women against some of the most injurious, lethal forms of IPV. (PsycINFO Database RecordLink_to_subscribed_fulltex
-
Informal Control by family and risk markers for alcohol abuse/dependence in Seoul
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2016Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Hyerin Yang, Ko Ling ChanAbstract:Although previous research documents a reliable relationship between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and alcoholism, relatively little research has examined new theoretical constructs in IPV research that may increase risk for or help buffer women from alcohol abuse/dependence. The purpose of the present study was to examine Informal Social Control of IPV by family members as a protective factor against and coercive Control as a risk factor for alcohol abuse/dependence in a small population sample of married women in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that (a) Informal Social Control by family members would be negatively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence and (b) husband’s coercive Control would be positively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence. We measured alcohol abuse/dependence (CAGE scale), IPV and coercive Control by husbands, and Informal Social Control of IPV (ISC_IPV) by extended family members in a three-stage random cluster sample of 462 married ...
-
the hutong effect Informal Social Control and community psychology in beijing
Injury Prevention, 2015Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Shali Wu, Ramesh RaghavanAbstract:Background Nearly 2.4 million Beijing residents experience intimate partner violence (IPV) annually. Of these 2.4 million, over 800 000 are injured by IPV; more than 300 000 are injured badly enough to require medical attention. Informal Social Control exerted by neighbours in communities with high levels of family–community integration (like those made up of residents of traditional courtyard house-and-alley Beijing neighbourhoods called ‘Hutongs’) may protect against IPV injury compared with apartment dwellers. Methods We tested the protective effects of Informal Social Control and Hutong residence in a randomly selected, three-stage cluster sample of Beijing families reporting IPV. Informal Social Control of IPV (ISC_IPV) was measured using two 7-question Likert scales developed by the first author. Interviewers were given detailed instructions on how to classify neighbourhoods as Hutong-style or not. We used a Sobel test to examine whether the Hutong effect was mediated by Informal Social Control. The initial sample was of 506 families. Analyses were carried out on 113 families who reported any IPV in the last year. Results Random effects regression models showed that both acts of Informal Social Control and Hutong residence were associated with less IPV injury. However, the protective finding for Hutong residence was not explained by Informal Social Control, collective efficacy, characteristics of the IPV or demographic characteristics of respondents and households. Conclusions The unique protective association with Hutong residence suggests that the benefits of community life remain insufficiently theorised and understood.
-
neighborhood Informal Social Control and child maltreatment a comparison of protective and punitive approaches
Child Abuse & Neglect, 2015Co-Authors: Clifton R Emery, Hai Nguyen Trung, Shali WuAbstract:This paper introduces a new measure of Informal Social Control of child maltreatment (henceforth ISC_CM) by neighbors. Research literature typically uses collective efficacy (Sampson, Raudenbush, & Earls, 1997) to examine neighborhood Informal Social Control. We argue that double standards about the application of Informal Social Control to family versus street crime requires a measure of Informal Social Control specific to child maltreatment. We also argue that how neighbors intervene may matter as much as whether they intervene. Neighbors may engage in ISC_CM aimed at protecting the child and calming the parent, or more punitive ISC_CM aimed at deterring future abuse. We tested the relationship of both with very severe physical abuse and with abuse related child behavior problems. We used a random, 2-stage cluster design of Hanoi to collect the sample. Thirty Hanoi wards were randomly selected using probability proportional to size sampling. A simple random sample of families in each ward was then drawn using local government lists of ward residents. Based on power analysis, the target sample size was 300. Of 315 residents contacted, 293 participated, yielding a response rate of 93%. Random effects regression models (which estimate a random effect for each ward) were run in Stata11. We found that protective ISC_CM is associated with lower odds of very severe physical abuse and lower reported externalizing problems when abuse is present. Perceived collective efficacy and punitive ISC_CM is not associated with lower odds of very severe physical abuse. Implications for research, policy and practice are discussed. We conclude that further investigation of neighbor ISC_CM is needed to replicate the findings in other cultural contexts, ultimately followed by experimental manipulation of ISC_CM in a neighborhood context to examine the effects on child maltreatment. If further research corroborates the current findings, the development of neighborhood intervention programs to enhance protective ISC_CM may assist materially in reducing very severe child abuse and negative consequences stemming from such abuse. Language: en
Ester Cerin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
validity of a scale of neighbourhood Informal Social Control relevant to pre schoolers physical activity a cross sectional study
SSM-Population Health, 2017Co-Authors: Yi Nam Suen, Ester Cerin, Anthony Barnett, Wendy Y Huang, Robin R MelleckerAbstract:Abstract Childhood physical activity (PA) is important for health across the lifespan. Time pre-schoolers spend outdoors, which has been associated with more PA, is likely influenced by parents’ perception of neighbourhood Informal Social Control relevant to pre-schoolers' PA, defined as the willingness of neighbours to intervene to ensure Social order and a safe community environment for young children's active play. To advance measurement of this construct, we assessed factorial and construct validities of the PA-related neighbourhood Informal Social Control scale for parents of pre-schoolers (PANISC-PP). In 2013–2014, Hong Kong primary caregivers (n=394) of 3–5 year-old children completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the preliminary version of the PANISC-PP, and self-report measures of theoretical neighbourhood correlates of PA-related neighbourhood Informal Social Control (perceived signs of physical and Social disorder, community cohesion, perceived stranger danger, risk of unintentional injury and traffic safety). The fit of the data to an a priori measurement model of the PANISC-PP was examined using confirmatory factor analyses. As the a priori model showed inadequate fit to the data, the factor structure was re-specified based on theoretical considerations. The final measurement models of the PANISC-PP showed acceptable fit to the data and consisted of three correlated latent factors: “General Informal supervision”, “Civic engagement for the creation of a better neighbourhood environment” and “Educating and assisting neighbourhood children”. The internal reliability of the subscales was good (Cronbach's α values 0.82–0.89). Generalised additive mixed models indicated that all subscales were positively associated with community cohesion and scores on the subscale “Educating and assisting neighbourhood children” were related in the expected direction to all indicators of traffic and personal safety, supporting construct validity of the PANISC-PP. This study suggests that the PANISC-PP is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing parents’ perceived neighbourhood Informal Social Control related to pre-schoolers' PA.
-
a child centered scale of Informal Social Control for latino parents of preschool age children development and validation
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2015Co-Authors: Ester Cerin, Teresia M Oconnor, Jason A Mendoza, Deborah Thompson, Sheryl O Hughes, Tom BaranowskiAbstract:Perceived neighborhood Informal Social Control may determine whether parents allow their young children to be physically active in the neighborhood. We developed and validated a scale of neighborho...
-
development and reliability of a scale of physical activity related Informal Social Control for parents of chinese pre schoolers
International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2014Co-Authors: Yi Nam Suen, Ester Cerin, Robin R MelleckerAbstract:Background Parents’ perceived Informal Social Control, defined as the Informal ways residents intervene to create a safe and orderly neighbourhood environment, may influence young children’s physical activity (PA) in the neighbourhood. This study aimed to develop and test the reliability of a scale of PA-related Informal Social Control relevant to Chinese parents/caregivers of pre-schoolers (children aged 3 to 5 years) living in Hong Kong.
Robert M Lombardo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
can community policing increase residents Informal Social Control testing the impact of the chicago alternative policing strategy
Police Practice and Research, 2018Co-Authors: Robert M Lombardo, Christopher M DonnerAbstract:AbstractThis study examines whether community policing can build Informal Social Control. Specifically, this paper assesses the impact of the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS) in Chicago...
-
what effect did the mob have on chicago neighborhoods explicating the relationship between racket subcultures and Informal Social Control
Trends in Organized Crime, 2016Co-Authors: Hollianne Marshall, Robert M LombardoAbstract:This paper examines the relationship between racket subcultures and Informal Social Control. Specifically, this paper examines the influence of traditional organized crime on Informal Social Control in community areas while Controlling for satisfaction with the police, tolerance of deviance, neighborhood and organizational ties, and neighborhood attachment. The data used in this analysis comes from the Community Survey of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. They were obtained from the Inter University Consortium of Political and Social Science Research. Ordered logistic regression was used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that racket areas reported higher levels of Informal Social Control when compared to similar non racket areas in the city of Chicago. These findings have important implications for the study of deviance. Not only do they suggest that criminals can play an important role in Controlling street crime, the findings also support differential Social organization theory.
-
public reputation and organised crime explicating the relationship between racket subcultures and Informal Social Control
Global Crime, 2016Co-Authors: Hollianne Marshall, Robert M LombardoAbstract:This paper examines the influence of traditional organised crime on Informal Social Control in community areas that once had a presence of organised crime while Controlling for neighbourhood attachment, satisfaction with the police, Social and organisational ties, and tolerance of deviance. The data comes from the Community Survey of the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. The comparative quantitative method was used to analyse the data. The findings indicate that neighbourhoods with an historic reputation for organised crime can report higher levels of Informal Social Control when compared to current racket areas in the city of Chicago. These findings have important implications for the study of deviance. Not only do they suggest that criminals can play an important role in Controlling street crime, the findings also suggest that this public reputation remains long after organised crime activities have ceased in the area.