The Experts below are selected from a list of 4005 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
E R Perl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cellular/Molecular A Specific Inhibitory Pathway between Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons Receiving Direct C-Fiber Input
2013Co-Authors: E R PerlAbstract:The spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) is a major termination region for unmyelinated (C) primary afferent fibers; however, how the input it receives from these sensory fibers is processed by SG neurons remains primarily a matter of conjecture. To gain insight on Connections and functional interactions between intrinsic SG neurons, simultaneous tight-seal, whole-cell recordings were made from pairs of neurons in rat spinal cord slices to examine whether impulses in one cell generated synaptic activity in the other. Most SG neuron pairs sampled lacked synaptic interaction. Those showing a linkage included a recurring pattern consisting of a monosynaptic, bicucullinesensitive Inhibitory Connection from an islet cell to a transient central neuron, each of which received direct excitatory input from different afferent C-fibers. This newly defined Inhibitory circuit is postulated to represent a SG neural module by which a nociceptive C-fiber input to transient central cells is modified by other C-fiber messages. Key words: Inhibitory pathway; substantia gelatinosa; spinal lamina II; afferent C-fibers; islet neurons; GABAA; nociceptio
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a specific Inhibitory pathway between substantia gelatinosa neurons receiving direct c fiber input
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: Yan Lu, E R PerlAbstract:The spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) is a major termination region for unmyelinated (C) primary afferent fibers; however, how the input it receives from these sensory fibers is processed by SG neurons remains primarily a matter of conjecture. To gain insight on Connections and functional interactions between intrinsic SG neurons, simultaneous tight-seal, whole-cell recordings were made from pairs of neurons in rat spinal cord slices to examine whether impulses in one cell generated synaptic activity in the other. Most SG neuron pairs sampled lacked synaptic interaction. Those showing a linkage included a recurring pattern consisting of a monosynaptic, bicuculline-sensitive Inhibitory Connection from an islet cell to a transient central neuron, each of which received direct excitatory input from different afferent C-fibers. This newly defined Inhibitory circuit is postulated to represent a SG neural module by which a nociceptive C-fiber input to transient central cells is modified by other C-fiber messages.
Yan Lu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a specific Inhibitory pathway between substantia gelatinosa neurons receiving direct c fiber input
The Journal of Neuroscience, 2003Co-Authors: Yan Lu, E R PerlAbstract:The spinal substantia gelatinosa (SG) is a major termination region for unmyelinated (C) primary afferent fibers; however, how the input it receives from these sensory fibers is processed by SG neurons remains primarily a matter of conjecture. To gain insight on Connections and functional interactions between intrinsic SG neurons, simultaneous tight-seal, whole-cell recordings were made from pairs of neurons in rat spinal cord slices to examine whether impulses in one cell generated synaptic activity in the other. Most SG neuron pairs sampled lacked synaptic interaction. Those showing a linkage included a recurring pattern consisting of a monosynaptic, bicuculline-sensitive Inhibitory Connection from an islet cell to a transient central neuron, each of which received direct excitatory input from different afferent C-fibers. This newly defined Inhibitory circuit is postulated to represent a SG neural module by which a nociceptive C-fiber input to transient central cells is modified by other C-fiber messages.
Rebecca J. Curry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Synaptic Inhibition in Avian Interaural Level Difference Sound Localizing Neurons.
eneuro, 2016Co-Authors: Rebecca J. CurryAbstract:Abstract Synaptic inhibition plays a fundamental role in the neural computation of the interaural level difference (ILD), an important cue for the localization of high-frequency sound. Here, we studied the Inhibitory synaptic currents in the chicken posterior portion of the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (LLDp), the first binaural level difference encoder of the avian auditory pathway. Using whole-cell recordings in brain slices, we provide the first evidence confirming a monosynaptic inhibition driven by direct electrical and chemical stimulation of the contralateral LLDp, establishing the reciprocal Inhibitory Connection between the two LLDps, a long-standing assumption in the field. This inhibition was largely mediated by GABA A receptors; however, functional glycine receptors were also identified. The reversal potential for the Cl − channels measured with gramicidin-perforated patch recordings was hyperpolarizing (−88 mV), corresponding to a low intracellular Cl − concentration (5.2 mm). Pharmacological manipulations of KCC2 (outwardly Cl − transporter) activity demonstrate that LLDp neurons can maintain a low intracellular Cl − concentration under a high Cl − load, allowing for the maintenance of hyperpolarizing inhibition. We further demonstrate that hyperpolarizing inhibition was more effective at regulating cellular excitability than depolarizing inhibition in LLDp neurons.
Giovanni Volpe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Delayed correlations improve the reconstruction of the brain connectome.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Mite Mijalkov, Joana B. Pereira, Giovanni VolpeAbstract:The brain works as a large-scale complex network, known as the connectome. The strength of the Connections between two brain regions in the connectome is commonly estimated by calculating the correlations between their patterns of activation. This approach relies on the assumption that the activation of connected regions occurs together and at the same time. However, there are delays between the activation of connected regions due to excitatory and Inhibitory Connections. Here, we propose a method to harvest this additional information and reconstruct the structural brain connectome using delayed correlations. This delayed-correlation method correctly identifies 70% to 80% of Connections of simulated brain networks, compared to only 5% to 25% of Connections detected by the standard methods; this result is robust against changes in the network parameters (small-worldness, excitatory vs. Inhibitory Connection ratio, weight distribution) and network activation dynamics. The delayed-correlation method predicts more accurately both the global network properties (characteristic path length, global efficiency, clustering coefficient, transitivity) and the nodal network properties (nodal degree, nodal clustering, nodal global efficiency), particularly at lower network densities. We obtain similar results in networks derived from animal and human data. These results suggest that the use of delayed correlations improves the reconstruction of the structural brain connectome and open new possibilities for the analysis of the brain connectome, as well as for other types of networks.
Mrinalini Hoon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assembly and maintenance of GABAergic and Glycinergic circuits in the mammalian nervous system
Neural development, 2018Co-Authors: Clare R. Gamlin, Rachel O.l. Wong, Mrinalini HoonAbstract:Inhibition in the central nervous systems (CNS) is mediated by two neurotransmitters: gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine. Inhibitory synapses are generally GABAergic or glycinergic, although there are synapses that co-release both neurotransmitter types. Compared to excitatory circuits, much less is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate synaptic partner selection and wiring patterns of Inhibitory circuits. Recent work, however, has begun to fill this gap in knowledge, providing deeper insight into whether GABAergic and glycinergic circuit assembly and maintenance rely on common or distinct mechanisms. Here we summarize and contrast the developmental mechanisms that regulate the selection of synaptic partners, and that promote the formation, refinement, maturation and maintenance of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses and their respective wiring patterns. We highlight how some parts of the CNS demonstrate developmental changes in the type of Inhibitory transmitter or receptor composition at their Inhibitory synapses. We also consider how perturbation of the development or maintenance of one type of Inhibitory Connection affects other Inhibitory synapse types in the same circuit. Mechanistic insight into the development and maintenance of GABAergic and glycinergic inputs, and inputs that co-release both these neurotransmitters could help formulate comprehensive therapeutic strategies for treating disorders of synaptic inhibition.