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G C Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • frequencies of Injection Site lesions in muscles from rounds of dairy and beef cow carcasses
    2002
    Co-Authors: D L Roeber, John N Sofos, G L Cowman, R C Cannell, William Wailes, K E Belk, J A Scanga, G C Smith
    Abstract:

    The frequency of Injection-Site lesions in muscles from top sirloins and rounds in fed cattle carcasses is well documented; this study characterizes the frequency and severity of lesions in muscles from rounds of beef and dairy cow carcasses. Audits were conducted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 on 3190 rounds from cow carcasses. Outside round muscles were cut into 1.25-cm slices to characterize lesions. In 1998, 31% of beef rounds and 60% of dairy rounds had an Injection-Site lesion. Frequency of lesions in beef rounds significantly declined 5 percentage points between 1998 and 1999 and 6 percentage points between 1999 and 2000. The frequency of lesions in dairy rounds significantly declined 9 percentage points between 1998 and 1999 and 16 percentage points between 1999 and 2000. Frequencies of Injection-Site lesions in muscles of beef rounds were significantly lower than those in muscles of dairy rounds in all 3 yr. Injection-Site lesions were most common between the hooks and pins of the hindquarter of beef cattle and between the pins and hocks of the hindquarter of dairy cattle. Clear lesions and woody calluses exceeded 89% and occurred more frequently than did other kinds of lesions in muscles of beef and dairy rounds in 1998, 1999, and 2000 audits. Of all Injection-Site lesions, between 3 and 5% were cystic in muscles of beef rounds, similar to the 2 to 4% of cystic lesions found in muscles of dairy rounds. Although yearly data indicate trends in declining frequencies of Injection-Site lesions, the need remains for educational programs and continued improvements in beef quality assurance practices among both beef and dairy producers.

  • Injection Site lesions incidence tissue histology collagen concentration and muscle tenderness in beef rounds
    1995
    Co-Authors: M H George, J B Morgan, R D Glock, J D Tatum, G R Schmidt, John N Sofos, G L Cowman, G C Smith
    Abstract:

    The national incidence and extent of Injection-Site lesions in the muscles of the round were determined via audits conducted at retail stores and in purveying establishments. Two additional experi- ments were conducted to examine the subsequent effects of pharmaceutical administration on tissue histology, soluble and insoluble collagen concentra- tion, and muscle tenderness in beef bottom-rounds. Injection-Site lesion incidence in beef round cuts audited at retail (n = 3,538) and in steak-cutting facilities (n = 15,464) was 8.45 and 10.04%, respec- tively, with an average lesion-trim of 314.7 and 191.59 g, respectively, in these two studies. Lesion classifica- tion revealed that 93.20 and 99.91% of lesions reported for the retail and purveyor audits, respec- tively, were chronologically aged lesions. Overall, 19,002 round cuts were examined, and Injection-Site lesion incidence (nationally) was 9.74%, whereas lesion-trim averaged 211.8 g. Warner-Bratzler shear measurements taken near lesions and in areas 7.62 cm from the lesions were higher ( P < .001) for lesioned, than for control bottom-round steaks. Warner-Bratzler shear values for lesion cores were 3.5 times greater than those in paired control (non- affected) steaks. Concentrations of insoluble and soluble collagen were much higher ( P < .001) at the Site of the lesion center in lesion-afflicted vs control steaks. Histological determinations of the relative proportions of muscle, connective tissue and fat to a distance of 5.08 cm from the Site of the lesion center confirmed that severe disruption of muscle tissue constituents and architecture had occurred. Injection- Site lesions occur at an unacceptable frequency in the muscles of the round, and severe tissue changes accompany these lesions that can dramatically affect tenderness of those cuts.

Lisa A Jackson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Injection Site and risk of medically attended local reactions to acellular pertussis vaccine
    2011
    Co-Authors: Lisa A Jackson, Jennifer C Nelson, Clara Dominguez, Do Peterson, Roger Baxter, Simon J Hambidge, Allison L Naleway, Edward A Belongia, James D Nordin, James Baggs
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the risk of medically attended local reactions to the fifth dose of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine varies according to Injection Site (arm versus thigh). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of children aged 4 through 6 years in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population who received a DTaP vaccination during the period from 2002 through 2006. Medically attended local reactions to the DTaP vaccine were presumptively identified from administrative data and were confirmed by medical record review. RESULTS: Among the 233 616 children in the study population, 1017 (0.4%) had a confirmed medically attended local reaction to the fifth dose of the DTaP vaccine. The rate of those reactions was significantly higher with vaccinations given in the arm (47.4 per 10 000 vaccinations) compared with vaccinations given in the thigh (32.1 per 10 000 vaccinations) ( P < .001). In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, gender, and study Site, children vaccinated in the arm had a 78% higher risk of a local reaction (relative risk: 1.78 [95% confidence interval: 1.43–2.21]). CONCLUSIONS: Local reactions to the fifth dose of the DTaP vaccine that require medical evaluation are uncommon, but the risk of those reactions is significantly higher when the vaccine is injected in the arm. These findings suggest that the thigh should be considered as an acceptable Site of Injection for this vaccination.

  • retrospective population based assessment of medically attended Injection Site reactions seizures allergic responses and febrile episodes after acellular pertussis vaccine combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids
    2002
    Co-Authors: Lisa A Jackson, Barbara A Carste, Darren Malais, James Froeschle
    Abstract:

    Background.Since 1997 diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines have been recommended for the five dose pertussis vaccination series. To assess rates of medically attended Injection Site reactions (ISRs), seizures, allergic responses and febrile episodes after Tripedia DTaP vacc

E V Tsianos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • diffuse and Injection Site skin reaction in a patient with chronic hepatitis b treated with pegylated interferon
    2010
    Co-Authors: K H Katsanos, D K Christodoulou, Christina Stergiopoulou, Aik Zioga, E V Tsianos
    Abstract:

    By contrast, the importance of diffuse, apart from Injection Site, skin reactions is that they may result in temporary or even definite discontinuation of therapy. Usually, diffuse skin reactions include cases of generalized dermatitis5-7 but skin hyperpigmentation cases have also been reported.8 These types of systemic skin reactions during PEG-IFNa therapy have been rarely described in chronic viral hepatitis C1-2,4-5,7-8 and in a single case of chronic hepatitis B patient.9 We describe herein a case of diffuse and Injection Site skin reaction in a patient with chronic hepatitis B treated with PEG-IFNa.

Dirk Dressler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Botulinum toxin therapy: reduction of Injection Site pain by pH normalisation
    2016
    Co-Authors: Dirk Dressler, Fereshte Adib Saberi, Hans Bigalke
    Abstract:

    Botulinum toxin (BT) is injected intramuscularily and may produce Injection Site pain (ISP). We wanted to explore whether the pH value of the reconstituted BT drug contributes to ISP and, if so, what strategies can be applied to reduce it. In part 1 of the study, pH values of different reconstitution solutions and of major BT drugs reconstituted with different reconstitution solutions were assessed. In part 2, the effects of reconstitution with normal saline (NS) and Ringer acetate (RA) were compared intraindividually and in a double blind fashion in 34 patients with blepharospasm. pH values of reconstitution solutions were 5.52 ± 0.02 for NS, 6.98 for RA, 6.31 for Ringer lactate, 6.56 for electrolyte and 5.31 for bacteriostatic solution. pH values for NS-reconstitution were 6.09 ± 0.20 for Botox^®, 5.95 ± 0.24 for Dysport^® and 5.81 ± 0.18 for Xeomin^®. pH values for RA-reconstitution were 6.95 ± 0.03 for Botox^®, 7.01 ± 0.02 for Dysport^® and 6.87 ± 0.06 for Xeomin^®. By using RA instead of NS the pH could be increased by 0.86 for Botox^®, by 1.06 for Dysport^® and by 1.06 for Xeomin^®. 47 % of the patients experienced less ISP when Botox^®-RA was given rather than Botox^®-NS, 76 % when Xeomin^®-RA was given rather than Xeomin^®-NS. None of the patients reported a difference in efficacy between NS- and RA-reconstitution. Despite previous reports, reconstituted BT type A drugs show acidic pH values. Normalising these pH values by use of RA instead of NS reduces ISP considerably without sacrificing clincial efficacy.

  • botulinum toxin therapy for hyperhidrosis reduction of Injection Site pain by nitrous oxide oxygen mixtures
    2015
    Co-Authors: Lejla Paracka, Katja Kollewe, Reinhard Dengler, Dirk Dressler
    Abstract:

    Injection Site pain (ISP) reduces compliance of botulinum toxin (BT) therapy considerably. We wanted to study whether nitrous oxide/oxygen (NOO, Livopan®, Linde Gas Therapeutics, Unterschleisheim, Germany) can reduce ISP in patients receiving intracutaneous BT Injections for axillary or palmar hyperhidrosis (HH). The study followed an open-label design comparing intraindividually ISP in both axillae and/or both palms when NOO was applied or not during BT Injections. BT efficacy was measured by the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale (HDSS) and by a 4-point Self-Assessment Scale. ISP was documented by a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Verbal Scale of Pain Intensity (VSPI), adverse effects by a Structuralised Interview (SI). Altogether 13 patients (age 34.1 ± 12.4 years, 9 females, 4 males) were studied. 11 BT treatments were for biaxillary and 3 for bipalmar HH. BT reduced biaxillary HH from HDSS 3.7 ± 0.5 to 1.0 ± 0 and bipalmar HH from 3.6 ± 0.6 to 1.0 ± 0. All patients reported ISP reduction by NOO. In axillary HH, NOO reduced ISP from 55.7 ± 12.7 to 12.8 ± 7.5 on the VAS (p < 0.05) and from 4.1 ± 0.3 to 0.7 ± 0.5 on the VSPI (p < 0.05), in bipalmar HH from 60.0 ± 10.0 to 13.3 ± 5.8 on the VAS (p < 0.05) and from 5.0 ± 0 to 1.3 ± 0.5 on the VSPI (p < 0.05). Adverse effects were not identified. NOO is a potent, non-sedative, quickly reversible and safe inhalative analgesic which reduces ISP considerably in patients receiving BT therapy for axillary and palmar HH thus substantially improving compliance of BT therapy.

James Froeschle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.