The Experts below are selected from a list of 294 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Tim Schober - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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composites of ceramic high temperature proton conductors with Inorganic Compounds
Electrochemical and Solid State Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Tim SchoberAbstract:This work deals with composites of high-temperature proton conductors and Inorganic Compounds such as carbonates, hydroxides, and chlorides. Discontinuities were found in the sT vs. 1/T plots which are ascribed to superionic phase transitions occurring in the interface region between the constituent phases. A similar superionic phase transition was also found between a composite of a proton conductor and a prominent oxygen ion conductor. The results provide a natural explanation for the high conductivities recently reported for similar composites of oxygen ion conductors and such Inorganic Compounds @B. Zhu, J. Power Sources, 114, 1 ~2003!# and also explains the high current densities obtained in intermediate temperature fuel cells based on such composites. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. @DOI: 10.1149/1.1865592# All rights reserved.
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Composites of Ceramic High-Temperature Proton Conductors with Inorganic Compounds
Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 2005Co-Authors: Tim SchoberAbstract:This work deals with composites of high-temperature proton conductors and Inorganic Compounds such as carbonates, hydroxides, and chlorides. Discontinuities were found in the sigma T vs. 1/T plots which are ascribed to superionic phase transitions occurring in the interface region between the constituent phases. A similar superionic phase transition was also found between a composite of a proton conductor and a prominent oxygen ion conductor. The results provide a natural explanation for the high conductivities recently reported for similar composites of oxygen ion conductors and such Inorganic Compounds [B. Zhu, J. Power Sources, 114, 1 (2003)] and also explains the high current densities obtained in intermediate temperature fuel cells based on such composites. (C) 2005 The Electrochemical Society
P Dorenbos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the bi3 6s and 6p electron binding energies in relation to the chemical environment of Inorganic Compounds
Journal of Luminescence, 2017Co-Authors: Roy H P Awater, P DorenbosAbstract:This paper provides an overview and interpretation of the spectroscopic data of the Bi3+ activator ion in 117 different Inorganic Compounds. The energies of the metal-to-metal charge transfer and the interconfigurational transitions of Bi3+ were collected from the archival literature. Using these energies, in combination with the electron binding energies in the host conduction and valence band, the binding energies in the 6s ground state and 6p excited state were determined relative to the vacuum level. The locations of the Bi3+ energy levels within the forbidden gap of the host compound provides valuable insight in the physical properties of the Bi3+ activator ion in different Compounds.
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a review on how lanthanide impurity levels change with chemistry and structure of Inorganic Compounds
ECS Journal of Solid State Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: P DorenbosAbstract:The energy of the 4f-5d transitions of divalent and trivalent lanthanide impurities in Compounds depends strongly on the type of lanthanide, its valence, and the type of compound. Despite this large variability there is much systematic in 4f-5d transition energy. Once it is known for one lanthanide that for all others when in the same compound can be predicted. The same applies for the energy of electron transfer from the valence band to the 4f-shell of lanthanides which also behaves in a systematic fashion with type of lanthanide and type of compound. This work reviews my studies during the past fifteen years that are based on an analysis of data on all divalent and all trivalent lanthanides in more than 1000 different Inorganic Compounds collected from the archival literature. The established redshift and charge transfer models that form the basis to construct binding energy schemes showing all lanthanide levels with respect to the host bands are reviewed and the latest developments are addressed.
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valence stability of lanthanide ions in Inorganic Compounds
Chemistry of Materials, 2005Co-Authors: P DorenbosAbstract:New methods are available to position the energy levels of divalent lanthanide impurities in wide band gap Inorganic Compounds (halides, chalcogenides) relative to the conduction and valence bands. These methods are used to determine the energy difference (EFf) between the 4f n ground state of the lanthanide and the Fermi energy assumed to be located midway between the top of the filled valence band and the bottom of the empty conduction band. It is demonstrated that EFf provides a measure for the stability of the divalent lanthanide against oxidation to the trivalent state and the stability of the trivalent one against reduction. The relation between EFf and the lanthanide valence state and how EFf depends on type of lanthanide ion and type of Inorganic compound is addressed.
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energy of the first 4f7 4f65d transition of eu2 in Inorganic Compounds
Journal of Luminescence, 2003Co-Authors: P DorenbosAbstract:Abstract fd-excitation, absorption, reflection, and df-emission spectra presented in the literature on Eu2+ in Inorganic Compounds have been gathered and re-analyzed. Emission wavelength, width of the emission band, absorption wavelength, Stokes shift, and redshift pertaining to Eu2+ in more than 300 different Compounds (fluorides, chlorides, bromide, iodides, oxides, sulfides, selenides, and nitrides) are presented. From the data, it is possible to predict for each of the 13 lanthanide ions (La2+, Ce2+, Pr2+, until Yb2+), doped in any of the Compounds compiled, the energy of the transition from the 4fn ground state to the first 4fn−15d level and also the energy of df-emission. A brief overview on the relationships between redshift, Stokes shift, and the width of the emission with the type of compound is given.
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relation between eu2 and ce3 f d transition energies in Inorganic Compounds
Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2003Co-Authors: P DorenbosAbstract:Data available on the fd-transition energies of Ce3+ in Inorganic Compounds are compared with those of Eu2+ in the same Compounds. Despite differing charge compensating defects, clear correlation was found. The redshift of absorption, the Stokes shift of emission, the centroid shift of the 5d configuration and the total crystal field splitting of the 5d levels of Eu2+ and Ce3+ all appear to be linearly related to one another. The values for Eu2+ are about 0.7 times those for Ce3+. This implies that spectroscopic properties known for Ce3+ can be employed to roughly predict spectroscopic properties for Eu2+ and vice versa. The findings for Ce3+ and Eu2+ can be generalized to all trivalent and divalent lanthanides.
Kichinosuke Hirokawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of Inorganic Compounds and metals
Applied Surface Science, 2003Co-Authors: Zhanping Li, Kichinosuke HirokawaAbstract:Abstract Regularity of Ga + primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of Inorganic Compounds is discussed. For an Inorganic compound as formulated M–A, where the valence of cation M is + n and that of anion A is − p , the chemical composition of appeared ToF-SIMS fragment are M x A y , which satisfy the rule nx ≥ py +1 for positive ion fragments and nx ≤ py +1 for negative ones. For example, for oxide fragment of chemical composition, M x A y (valence of M is + n ), the fragment obeys the rule nx ≥2 y +1 for positive ions and nx ≤2 y +1 for negative ones, respectively. The regularity of ToF-SIMS fragment patterns of sulfides, nitrates, sulfates etc. is discussed.
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Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of metals and Inorganic Compounds.
Analytical Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Zhanping Li, Kichinosuke HirokawaAbstract:The appearance regularity of the Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of metals and Inorganic Compounds is discussed. For Inorganic Compounds formulated like M-A, where the valence of the cation M is +n, that of the anion A is -p; also, the chemical composition of the ToF-SIMS fragment is MxAy, the rule nx ≥ (py + 1) is satisfied for positive ion fragments and nx ≤ (py + 1) for negative ones. For example, for an oxide fragment of chemical composition MxOy (valence of M is +n), the chemical composition of the fragment appears obeying the rule nx ≥ (2y + 1) for positive ions and nx ≤ (2y + 1) for negative ones, respectively. The regularity of ToF-SIMS fragment patterns of sulfides, nitrates, sulfates etc. is discussed. Further, when the Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment patterns of metals are observed, it can be inferred that the overlapped particle emission occurs from metal surfaces through alloying and/or clustering of Ga with metal on surfaces.
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Role of electronegativity in the qualitative inference of the TOF-SIMS fragment pattern of Inorganic Compounds.
Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Kichinosuke Hirokawa, Zhanping Li, A. TanakaAbstract:The role of the electronegativity of atoms in Inorganic Compounds in TOF–SIMS fragmentation is discussed. From a study of approximately 30 Inorganic Compounds – chlorides, oxides, nitrates, and sulfates – a simple rule has been proposed for the dependence of fragment pattern appearance on the electronegativity (electron affinity), which can be easily obtained from handbooks, and the valence of positive and negative ions in these Compounds. TOF–SIMS measurements of metal and alloy surfaces, should be corrected for the ionization potentials and/or electronegativities of atoms present in surface contaminants.
Zhanping Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of Inorganic Compounds and metals
Applied Surface Science, 2003Co-Authors: Zhanping Li, Kichinosuke HirokawaAbstract:Abstract Regularity of Ga + primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of Inorganic Compounds is discussed. For an Inorganic compound as formulated M–A, where the valence of cation M is + n and that of anion A is − p , the chemical composition of appeared ToF-SIMS fragment are M x A y , which satisfy the rule nx ≥ py +1 for positive ion fragments and nx ≤ py +1 for negative ones. For example, for oxide fragment of chemical composition, M x A y (valence of M is + n ), the fragment obeys the rule nx ≥2 y +1 for positive ions and nx ≤2 y +1 for negative ones, respectively. The regularity of ToF-SIMS fragment patterns of sulfides, nitrates, sulfates etc. is discussed.
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Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of metals and Inorganic Compounds.
Analytical Sciences, 2003Co-Authors: Zhanping Li, Kichinosuke HirokawaAbstract:The appearance regularity of the Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment pattern of metals and Inorganic Compounds is discussed. For Inorganic Compounds formulated like M-A, where the valence of the cation M is +n, that of the anion A is -p; also, the chemical composition of the ToF-SIMS fragment is MxAy, the rule nx ≥ (py + 1) is satisfied for positive ion fragments and nx ≤ (py + 1) for negative ones. For example, for an oxide fragment of chemical composition MxOy (valence of M is +n), the chemical composition of the fragment appears obeying the rule nx ≥ (2y + 1) for positive ions and nx ≤ (2y + 1) for negative ones, respectively. The regularity of ToF-SIMS fragment patterns of sulfides, nitrates, sulfates etc. is discussed. Further, when the Ga+ primary ion ToF-SIMS fragment patterns of metals are observed, it can be inferred that the overlapped particle emission occurs from metal surfaces through alloying and/or clustering of Ga with metal on surfaces.
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Role of electronegativity in the qualitative inference of the TOF-SIMS fragment pattern of Inorganic Compounds.
Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2001Co-Authors: Kichinosuke Hirokawa, Zhanping Li, A. TanakaAbstract:The role of the electronegativity of atoms in Inorganic Compounds in TOF–SIMS fragmentation is discussed. From a study of approximately 30 Inorganic Compounds – chlorides, oxides, nitrates, and sulfates – a simple rule has been proposed for the dependence of fragment pattern appearance on the electronegativity (electron affinity), which can be easily obtained from handbooks, and the valence of positive and negative ions in these Compounds. TOF–SIMS measurements of metal and alloy surfaces, should be corrected for the ionization potentials and/or electronegativities of atoms present in surface contaminants.
Qun Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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data driven signal resolving approaches of infrared spectra to explore the macroscopic and microscopic spatial distribution of organic and Inorganic Compounds in plant
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Jianbo Chen, Qun ZhouAbstract:The nondestructive and label-free infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a direct tool to characterize the spatial distribution of organic and Inorganic Compounds in plant. Since plant samples are usually complex mixtures, signal-resolving methods are necessary to find the spectral features of Compounds of interest in the signal-overlapped IR spectra. In this research, two approaches using existing data-driven signal-resolving methods are proposed to interpret the IR spectra of plant samples. If the number of spectra is small, “tri-step identification” can enhance the spectral resolution to separate and identify the overlapped bands. First, the envelope bands of the original spectrum are interpreted according to the spectra–structure correlations. Then the spectrum is differentiated to resolve the underlying peaks in each envelope band. Finally, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy is used to enhance the spectral resolution further. For a large number of spectra, “tri-step decomposition” can resolve the spectra by multivariate methods to obtain the structural and semi-quantitative information about the chemical components. Principal component analysis is used first to explore the existing signal types without any prior knowledge. Then the spectra are decomposed by self-modeling curve resolution methods to estimate the spectra and contents of significant chemical components. At last, targeted methods such as partial least squares target can explore the content profiles of specific components sensitively. As an example, the macroscopic and microscopic distribution of eugenol and calcium oxalate in the bud of clove is studied.
